Aa
A / ei /
[ count, noncount ] (
the first letter of the English alphabet
а Ф / э ; ei / ( also an / эп ; жп / )
one or any
each, or for each
( a.ban dons , a.ban . don . ing , a ban doned )
to leave someone or something completely
to stop doing something before it is finished
ab • bey / 'rebi /
[ count ] (
( religion ) a building where religious men or women (called monks and nuns ) live or lived
ab • bre • vi • ate / э^ы^ /
( ab . bre . vi . ates , ab . bre . vi . at . ing , ab . bre . vi . at . ed )
to make a word shorter by not saying or writing some of the letters
ab • bre • vi • a • tion / э^т^ /
[ count ]
ABCs ( also ABC's ) / ,ei bi 'siz /
the letters of the English alphabet
ab • do • men / 'жbdэmэn /
( biology ) the front middle part of your body, which contains your stomach
a . bil . i .ty Ф/ o'biloti /
the power and knowledge to do something
a . Ые О / 'eibl /
^ANTONYM unable , ^
-able
( in adjectives )
possible to accept able ador able cur able
having a particular quality
ab • nor • mal aw / reb'norml /
different from what is normal or usual, in a way that
worries you or that is unpleasant
ab • nor • mal • ly AWL / жb'nэrmэli / adverb abnormally high temperatures
a • bol • ish / э'ЬаЬТ /
( a . bol . ish . es , a bol . ish . ing , a . bol . ished )
to stop or end something by law
ab • o • li • tion / ^ЬэЪ/п /
a•bout Ч ? / o'baot /
1 ( also a . round ) a little more or less than; a little before or after
got there at about two o'clock.
almost; nearly Dinner is just about ready.
be about to do something to be going to do something very soon
a•bout 2® / o'baot/
1 in a higher place; higher than someone or something
^ANTONYM below 2 more than a number or price
a • bridged / s'br^d /
(used about a book) shorter than the original
a • broad / s'brod /
in or to another country
sudden and unexpected an abrupt change of plans
seeming rude and unfriendly
not there
ab • sent • mind • ed / ^bssnt'maindsd /
often forgetting or not noticing things, perhaps because you are thinking about something else
ab • so • lute / 'rebsslut /
complete
ab .so . lute . ly Ф / 'веЫэДиш; ^iwiutii /
1 completely
was absolutely certain that it was her.
(used when you are strongly agreeing with someone) yes; certainly
( general science ) to take in something like liquid or heat, and hold it
ab • sorb • ent / sb'sorbsnt /
( general science ) able to take in and hold something, especially liquid
ab • sorb • ing / sb'sorbig /
ab • stract aw Ц / 'rebstrrekt /
about an idea, not a real thing
not like a real thing
so silly that it makes you laugh
^SYNONYM ridiculous
a • bun • dant / s'brndsnt /
existing in large quantities; more than enough
a • bun • dance / s'bAndsns /
[ noncount , singular ]
a•buse 1 / s'byuz /
to use something in a wrong or bad way
to treat someone in a cruel or violent way
to say rude things to someone
a•buse 2 / s'byus /
[ noncount , singular ] using something in a wrong or bad way
[ noncount ] being cruel or unkind to someone The child had suffered verbal and physical abuse.
[ noncount]rude words
a • bu • sive / s'byusiv /
AC / ,ei 'si /
ac •a • dem • ic Ф |awl / ^b'demik /
connected with education, especially in schools and colleges
a•cad • e • my AWL / 3'k®dsmi /
a school that teaches people certain skills
an official group of people who are important in art, science, or literature
ac • cel • er • ate / sk'sebreit /
to go, or to make a vehicle go faster
ac • cel • er • a • tor / ak'selareitar /
the part of a vehicle that you press with your foot when you want it to go faster
ac • cent / 'reksent /
( english language arts )
1 the way a person from a certain place or country speaks a language
saying one word or part of a word more strongly than another
(in writing) a mark, usually above a letter, that changes the sound of the letter
ac . cept Ф / эк'sept /
1 to say "yes" when someone asks you to have or do something
accepted the invitation to his party.
to believe that something is true She can't accept that her son is dead.
to allow someone to join a group, a school, an organization, etc.
ac .cept .a .ble О / sk'septsbl /
allowed by most people; good enough
—ANTONYM unacceptable
ac • cep • tance / skseptsns /
taking something that someone offers you or asks you to have
ac • cess 1 AWL / '®kses /
a way to go into a place or to use something
ac • ceSS 2 AWL / 'rekses /
ac • ces • si • ble aw / sk'sessbl /
possible to be reached or entered The island is only accessible by boat.
easy to get, use, or understand
—ANTONYM inaccessible
ac .ci .dent О / 'rekssdsnt /
ac • ci • den • tal / ^kss'dentl /
If something is accidental , it happens by chance and is not planned
ac • com • mo • date Iaw / s'kamsdeit /
ac . com . mo . dat . ed )
to have enough space for a particular number of people
ac • com • mo • da • tions / 3|kams'deifnz /
Remember! You spell accommodations with CC and MM .
a place to stay or live
ac • com • pa • ny AWL / s'Lvmpsni /
( ac . com pa . nies , ac . com . pa . ny . ing , ac . com . pa . nied )
(
to happen at the same time as something else
( music ) to play music while someone sings or plays another instrument
ac • com • plish / s'kamplij /
( ac . com plish . es , ac . com . plish . ing , ac . com . plished )
to succeed in doing something difficult that you planned to do
ac • com • plish • ment / s'kamplijmsnt /
succeeded in doing or learning
—SYNONYM achievement
ac • cord / s'kord /
because you want to, not because someone has asked you
ac • cord • ing • ly / s'kordigli /
in a way that is suitable
ac .cord .ing to Ф/o'kordnjto;.vbrdu]tu/
as someone or something says
aC . COUnt 1 Ф / s'kaunt /
deposited the money into my account. to open an account
Word building There are two main types of bank account . If you have a checking account , you can take your money out at any time by using a check or an ATM card (= a card that you put into a machine, which gives you money ) .
A savings account lets you keep your money in the bank to use later. You receive extra money, called interest , for keeping your money there.
accounts [ plural ] lists of all the money that a person or business receives and pays
words that someone says or writes about something that happened
on account of something
because of something
take something into account ; take account of
something
to remember something when you are thinking about other things
ac • count 2 / s'kaunt /
to explain or give a reason for something How can you account for the missing pieces?
to make the amount that is mentioned
ac • count • ant / s'kauntnt /
a person whose job is to make lists of all the money that people or businesses receive and pay
ac • cu • mu • late AWL / s'kyumysleit /
to increase over a period of time; to collect things over a period of time
►ac • cu • mu • la • tion AWL / 3lkyumys'leifn /
[ count, noncount ]
ac • cu • ra • cy AWL / 'rekysrssi /
[noncount]
the quality of being exactly right, with no mistakes
ac . CU . rate Ф / 'aekyorot /
exactly right; with no mistakes
^■ANTONYM inaccurate
ac .cuse Ф / э'куш/
to say that someone has done something wrong or broken the law
►ac • cu • sa • tion / |®kys'zeijn /
[ count, noncount ]
ac • cus • tomed / s'Lvstsmd /
^SYNONYM used to ace / eis /
a playing card (= one of 52 cards used for playing games ) which has only one shape on it. An ace has either the lowest or the highest value in a game of cards
ache 2 / eik /
a chieve О
( a . chieves , a . chiev . ing , a . chieved )
to do or finish something well after trying hard
a • chieve • ment Ф awl / a'tjivmsnt/
[ count, noncount ]
ac . id Ф / 'sesid /
( chemistry ) a liquid substance that burns things or makes
holes in metal
a • cid rain / |®sid 'rein /
( geography ) rain that has chemicals in it from factories, for example. It causes damage to trees, rivers, and buildings.
ac • knowl • edge aw / sk'nalid3 /
( ac . knowl . edg . es , ac . knowl . edg . ing , ac.knowl .edged )
to agree or accept that something is true
to write to someone who has sent you a letter, etc. to say that you have received it
to show that you have noticed someone
► ac • knowl • edg • ment |AWL ( also ac . knowl . edge . ment ) / sk'nal^msnt /
ac • ne / 'rekni /
( health ) a skin problem, common among young people, that causes red spots, especially on the face
a • Corn / ' eikorn /
a • cous • tic /э ' kustik/
( physics ) connected with sound or the way people hear sounds
( music ) (of a musical instrument) not electric
ac • quain • tance / э 'kweintns /
a person that you know a little but who is not a close friend
ac • quire AWL / э'kwarar /
to get or buy something
a • cre / ' e^r /
ac • ro • bat / ' rekrebret /
a person who performs difficult acts such as walking on high ropes, especially in a circus (= a show that travels to different towns )
a .CrOSS О / э кгоз /
from one side to the other side of something
on the other side of something There is a bank just across the road. across from
on the opposite side of someone or something
act 1 О / sekt /
to do something, or to behave in a certain way Doctors acted quickly to save the boy's life after the accident.
to pretend to be someone else in a play, movie, or television program
-SYNONYM perform
act as something to do the job of another person, usually for a short time
act 2O / sekt /
1 a thing that you do
Which word?
Act, action, or activity?
Act , but not action , can be followed by of :
one of the main parts of a play or an opera (= a musical play )
a law that a government makes
behavior that hides your true feelings
act • ing / ' rektig /
ac .tion Ф / 'sekjn/
[ noncount ] doing things, especially for a particular purpose
[ count ] something that you do
[ noncount ] exciting things that happen I like movies with a lot of action in them. an action-packed movie
in action
ac • ti • vate / ' ®teveit /
( ac . ti . vates , ac . ti . vat . ing , ac ti . vat . ed )
to make something start working
ac .tive Ф / 'aektiv /
If you are active , you are always busy and able to do a lot of things
( english language arts ) (used about a verb or sentence) when the person or thing doing the action is the subject of the verb
ac .tiv . i .ty Ф / aek'tivoti /
[ noncount ] a lot of things happening and people doing things
[ count ] something that you do, usually regularly and because you enjoy it
aC .tOr Ф / 'aektor/
a man or woman who acts in plays, movies, or television
programs
ac .tress О / 'aektros/
a woman who acts in plays, movies, or television programs
ac.tu.al2 'aektfuol /
ac tu al , ly Ф 'sektjusli; 'aektjali /
1 really; in fact
can't believe I'm actually going to Australia!
a word that you use to disagree politely or when you say something new
ac • u • punc • ture / 'rekys^Agkybr /
[noncount]
( health ) a way of treating an illness or stopping pain by putting thin needles into parts of the body
a • cute an • gle / s'kyut ,®ggl /
( math ) an angle of less than 90°
( history , religion ) A.D. in a date shows that it was after Christ was born
a • dapt aw / s'drept / b
( a.dapts,a dapt. ing , a dapt.ed )
to change the way that you do things because you are in a new situation
to change something so that you can use it in a different way:
a • dapt • a • ble aw / s'dreptsbl /
able to change in a new situation
ad • ap • ta • tion |awl| / ,®d3p'teijn ;
,redrep'teijn /
( english language arts ) a movie, play, or TV show that is based on a book
add
to put something with something else
( math ) to put numbers together so that you get a total
—ANTONYM subtract
to say something more
ad • dict / 'redikt /
( health ) a person who cannot stop wanting something that is bad for them
ad • dict • ed
ad • dic • tion / s'dikjn
( health ) the condition of being unable to stop taking drugs or doing something that is bad for you
ad • di • tion / oviiin /
[ noncount ] ( math ) putting numbers together
[ count ] a thing or person that is added to something
as well as
ad • di • tion • al / s'dijsnl /
added; extra
ad • dress 4? / s'dres ; 'sedres /
(
Spelling
Remember! You spell address with DD and SS .
the number of the building and the name of the street and town where someone lives or works
( computers ) a group of words and symbols that tells you where you can find someone or something using a computer
ad • dress / s'dres /
( ad dress.es,ad . dress. ing ,ad dressed )
to write on a letter or package the name and address of the person you are sending it to
to make a formal speech to a group of people
ad • e • quate aw / 'redikwst /
enough for what you need
ad • e • quate • ly AWL / 'redikwstli /
next to something
ad • jec • tive / 'red3iktiv /
( english language arts ) a word you use with a noun that tells you more about it
ad • just AWL| / s'd3Ast /
to make a small change to something, to make it better
ad • just • ment AWL / sdAstmsnt /
ad • just • a • ble / 3'd3Ast3bl /
that can be changed or put in the right position
ad • min • is • tra • tion awl
/ sd
[ count ] ( politics ) the government of a country, especially the U.S.
[ noncount ] ( business ) controlling or managing something, for example a business, an office, or a school
ad • min • i • stra • tive awl
/ 3d'min3|streitiv /
( business ) connected with organizing and managing a business, country, etc.
ad • min • is • tra • tor Iaw / 3d'mm3|streitpr/
( business ) a person whose job is to organize or manage a system, a department, or an organization
ad • mi • ra • ble / 'redmsrsbl /
that you admire; excellent
ad • mi • ral / 'redmsrsl /
a very important officer in the navy
ad .mire Ф /odWior/ verb
( ad . mires , ad . mir . ing , ad . mired )
ad • mis • sion / od'mijn /
[ count, noncount ] allowing someone to go into a school, club, public place, etc.
(= she would like to study there )
[ noncount ] the amount of money that you have to pay to go into a place
[ count ] when you agree that you did something wrong or bad
ad . mit Ф / ad mit /
1 to say that you have done something wrong or that something bad is true
admit that I made a mistake. —ANTONYM deny
to allow someone or something to go into a place
ad • o • les • cence / ^ds'lssns /
[ noncount ] the period of a person's life between being a child and becoming an adult
ad • o • les • cent / |®ds'lesnt /
a young person who is developing from a child into an adult —SYNONYM teenager
a • dopt / э ' dapt /
to take the child of another person into your family and
treat them as your own child by law
a • dor • a • ble / э ' dorebl /
very attractive and easy to love
—SYNONYM cute
a • dore / э ' dor/
to love someone or something very much
a person or an animal that has grown to the full size; not a child
a • dult • hood aw / э ' dAlthud /
[noncount]
the time when you are an adult
ad • Vance / эd ' v®ns /
progress or a new development in something
in advance
before something happens
ad .vanced О / эd ' vrenst /
of or for someone who is already good at something; difficult
ad .van .tage Ф /adv^/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
something that helps you or that is useful
—ANTONYM disadvantage
take advantage of something
ad .ven .ture О /od'vmtjor/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
ad • ven • tur • ous / sd'ventjbrss /
An adventurous person likes to do exciting, dangerous things.
ad • verb / 'redvsrb /
( english language arts ) a word that tells you how, when, or where something happens
ad • ver • tise / '®dvsr|taiz /
( ad . ver . tis . es , ad . ver . tis . ing , ad . ver . tised )
to put information in a newspaper, on television, on the Internet, on a wall, etc. in order to make people want to buy something or do something
ad • ver • tis • ing / '®dvsr|taizig /
ad .ver .tise .ment Ф / ачк^гta./mont/
( also
information in a newspaper, on television, on the Internet, on a wall, etc. that tries to make people buy something or do something
ad .vice О / odvais/
ad .vise О / saw/ verb
( ad . vis . es , ad . vis . ing , ad . vised )
to tell someone what you think they should do
ad • vis • er ( also ad . vis . or ) / sd'vaizsr /
a person who gives advice, for example to a company or the government
aer • o • bics / e'roubiks/
( sports ) physical exercises that people often do in classes, with music
aer • o • sol / 'erssol/
a container with liquid in it. You press a button to make the liquid come out in a lot of very small drops.
af • fair / s'fer /
[ count ] something that happens; an event
affairs [ plural ] important events and situations
[ singular ] something private that you do not want other people to know about
[ count ] a sexual relationship between two people, usually one that is secret
to make something or someone change in a particular way,
especially a bad way
af • fec • tion / s'fekjn /
a feeling of loving or liking someone
af • fec • tion • ate / s'fekjsnst /
showing that you love or like someone very much
af • fec • tion • ate • ly / s ' fekjsnstli / adverb He smiled affectionately at his son.
af .ford Ф/ o'ford /
( af . fords, af . ford . ing, af . ford . ed )
af • ford • a • ble / s ' fordsbl /
afraid feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen. This word cannot come before a noun, so you can say "the man is afraid" but NOT "an afraid man":
scared a more informal word than
used more in spoken than written English:
frightened a more formal word than
used more in written than spoken English:
Af • ri • can A • mer • i • can
/ |®friksn s 'meriksn /
later than someone or something
behind or following someone or something
(used when telling the time) later than
trying to get or catch someone or something
after all
1 used when you thought something different would happen
was worried about the test, but it wasn't difficult after all.
used to mean "do not forget"
to be trying to get or find something
at a time later than someone or something
tomorrow )
af .ter .ПООП Ф /^fbr'nun/ломя [ count]
the part of a day between 12 o'clock in the middle of the day and the evening
Grammar
words that you say when you see someone for the first time in the afternoon
af • ter • shave / ' fr/ov /
[ count, noncount ]
a liquid with a nice smell that men sometimes put on their faces after they shave (= cut the hair off their face )
af .ter .ward Ф
( also af . ter . wards / ' refl^rw^rdz / )
later; after another thing has happened
a .gain Ф /э'деп/
will never see him again.
in the way that someone or something was before
again and again
many times
.gainst О / s'genst/
on the other side, for example in a game, fight, etc. They played baseball against a team from another town.
not agreeing with or supporting someone or something
touching someone or something for support
in order to stop something
age Ф / е^з/ noun
1 [ count, noncount ] the amount of time that someone or something has been in the world
started work at the age of 16. Children of all ages will enjoy this movie. He needs some friends his own age. Style
When we want to ask someone's age, we say How old are you?
To say your age, you say I am 14 or I'm 14 years old (but NOT "I am 14 years").
[ noncount ] being old Her hair was gray with age.
[ count ] a certain time in history
ages [ plural ] (
ag .ed Ф / eid3d/
a • gen • cy / ' e^nsi /
( business ) the work or office of someone who does business for others
a • gen • da / э ' dзendэ /
a list of all the things to be talked about in a meeting
a • gent / ' e^nt /
( business ) a person who does business for another person or for a company
ag • gra • vate / ' ®greveit /
( ag gra vates , ag . gra . vat . ing , ag . gra . vat . ed )
to make something worse
to make someone angry
—SYNONYM irritate
ag • gres • sion / э' grejn /
angry behavior or feelings that make you want to attack other people
ag • gres • sive / э' gresiv /
ag • ile / ' ®d3l ; ' ®d3ail /
able to move quickly and easily
► a • gil • i • ty / э 'd3ibti /
ag • i • tat • ed / 'red33,teit_3d /
worried or upset about something
a . go © / э'дои /
a very long time in the past
a • gon • iz • ing / 'reg3,naizig /
ag • o • ny / 'regsni/
a .gree Ф /э'дп/ verb
(a . grees,a gree ing ,a . greed )
1 to have the same opinion as another person about something
agree with you. —ANTONYM disagree
to say "yes" when someone asks you to do something
to decide something with another person
a • gree • a • ble / s'grisbl /
pleasant or nice
a .gree .merit Ф /s'grimsnt/ noun
[ noncount ] having the same opinion as someone or something
[ count ] a plan or decision that two or more people have made together
ag • ri • cul • ture / 'гед^ыуэт /
[ noncount ]
keeping animals and growing plants for food —SYNONYM farming
►ag • ri • cul • tur • al / regrs'kAltJbrsl /
a.head О / s'hed /
in front of someone or something
before or more advanced than someone or something Inga and Nils arrived a few minutes ahead of us. New York is three hours ahead of Los Angeles.
into the future
winning in a game, competition, etc. The Lions were ahead 14-0 at halftime. go ahead
used to give someone permission to do something
aid aw И / eid /
help, or something that gives help
money, food, etc. that is sent to a country or to people in order to help them
to help someone or something
( health ) a very serious illness which destroys the body's ability to fight other illnesses
aim 1 Ф / eim /
[ count ] something that you want and plan to do
Thesaurus
purpose the reason for doing something; what something is used for or is supposed to achieve:
[ noncount ] the act of pointing something at a person or thing before trying to hit them with it
aim 2© / eim /
to try or plan to do something He's aiming to leave at nine o'clock.
to plan something for a certain person or group
to point something, for example a gun, at someone or something that you want to hit
air 1 ©/ er/
the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that you take in through your nose and mouth when you breathe
the space around and above things He threw the ball up into the air .
travel in a vehicle that can fly, such as an airplane
on the radio or on television
air 2 / er /
to tell people what you think about something
to send out sound or pictures by radio or television
—SYNONYM broadcast
air con • di • tion • er / ' er kэn|dIJnэr /
[ count ]
a machine that keeps the air cool and dry
air con • di • tion • ing / |er kэn'dIJnIЧ /
a system that keeps the air in a room, building, car, etc. cool and dry
air-con • di • tioned / |er kэn ' dijnd /
air • craft / ' erkrreft /
any vehicle that can fly, for example an airplane
air • fare / ' erfer /
the money that you pay to travel by plane
air force / ' er fors /
the airplanes and other vehicles that can fly, which a country uses for fighting, and the people who fly them
air • line / ' erlain /
a company that takes people or things to different places by airplane
air • mail / ' ermeil /
the system of sending things like letters and packages by airplane
air .plane О / ' erplein /
a vehicle with wings that can fly through the air —SYNONYM plane
air . port Ф / 'erport /
air • y / ' eri /
having a lot of fresh air inside
aisle / ail /
a way between lines of seats in something such as a church or an airplane
(used about a door) open a little, but not much
а .larm iO /эъ™/ noun
[ count ] something that tells you about danger, for example by making a loud noise
[ count ] = alarm clock
[ noncount ] a sudden feeling of fear
a • larm 2 / э larm /
to make someone or something feel suddenly afraid or worried
a • larmed / э ' larmd /
a • larm clock
/ э larm klak / ( also a . larm )
[ count ]
a clock that makes a noise to wake you up
al • bum / ' /
( music ) a collection of songs on one CD, tape, etc.
a book in which you can keep stamps, photographs, etc. that you have collected
al.co. hol О ж 1 ко hoi; 'aelkohul /
the clear liquid in drinks such as beer and wine that can make people act in an unusual way
drinks like wine, beer, etc. that contain alcohol
a I .со . hol . ic 1Ф / ^ыь'ььк; ^ыьъаьк /
containing alcohol
al • co • hol • ic 2 / ^lks'holik ; ^э'halik /
a person who cannot stop drinking large amounts of alcohol
watching, listening, etc. for something with all your attention
al • gae / '®ld3i /
( biology ) very simple plants that grow in water
al • ge • bra / ' жызэы-э /
( math ) a type of mathematics in which letters and symbols are used to represent numbers
al • i • bi / ' ®bbai /
a • li • en / ' ei^n /
(
a person or an animal that comes from another planet
a • li • en • ate / ' ei^neit /
to make someone feel that he or she does not belong in a group
a • lign / э lain /
to arrange things in a straight line
very similar
in the same way
al • i • mo • ny / ' relsmouni /
money that you have to pay by law to the person you were married to after you have divorced
a . live О / o'laiv/
living; not dead
every part of something; the whole of something
every one of a group
everything that; the only thing that
in any way
all 2О /э1/
completely
all along
al • lege / s ' ы3 /
( al . leg es , al . leg ing , al . leged )
to say that someone has done something wrong when you do not have proof that this is true
al • ler • gic / s 'lsrd3ik /
( health ) having an allergy
al • ler • gy / ' relsrd3i /
(
( health ) a medical condition that makes you sick when you eat, touch, or breathe something that does not normally make other people sick
al • ley / ' reli / ( also al . ley / ' reliwei / ) [count]
a narrow path between buildings
al • li • ance / s 'laisns /
( politics ) an agreement between countries or groups of people to work together and help each other
al • li • ga • tor / ' relsgeitsr /
a big animal with a long body, a big mouth, and sharp teeth that lives in the lakes and rivers of the southern U.S.
al • lo • cate AWL / ' relskeit /
(al . lo . cates, al . lo . cat . ing , al . lo . cat . ed )
to decide to use something for a particular purpose
► al • lo • ca • tion AWL| / |®b 'keijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a I .low О / э'1аи /
Allow is used in both formal and informal English. Let is very common in spoken English. You allow someone to do something, but you let someone do something (without "to"):
al • low • ance / s ' lausns /
an amount of money that you receive regularly to help you pay for something that you need
good, or good enough Is everything all right?
well; not hurt
used to say "yes, I agree" when someone asks you to do something
al • mond / ' amsnd /
a flat, pale nut that you can eat
al .most О / olmoust /
1 without any other person
don't like being alone in the house. My grandmother lives alone.
—SYNONYM on your own , by yourself
only
Lonely means that you are unhappy because you are not with other people:
1 without any other person
don't like being alone in the house. My grandmother lives alone.
—SYNONYM on your own , by yourself
only
Lonely means that you are unhappy because you are not with other people:
a . long 2 Ф / эЪд /
forward
with someone
next to something
a • loud / э ' laud /
in a normal speaking voice that other people can hear
a I. pha . bet Ф / 'acifoh-t /
al • pha • bet • i • cal / ,®Цэ ' betikl /
in the order of the alphabet
a I . read .у О / ol'redi/
before now or before then
Yet means the same as already , but you only use yet in negative sentences and questions.
a I . so Ф / 'olsou /
—SYNONYM too Which word? Also or too?
You use also in writing, but you usually use too in spoken English.
Also usually goes before a main verb or after "is," "are," "were," etc.:
al • tar / ' э
( religion ) a high table used in a religious ceremony
al • ter AWL / ' э^г /
al • ter • a • tion awl| / ,эКэ'reijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a small change
al • ter • nate 1 aw / ' эltэrnэt /
one out of every two
with first one thing, then the other, then the first thing again, etc.
that you can use, do, etc. instead of something else
al • ter • nate 2 aw
( al ter . nates , al . ter . nat . ing , al . ter . nat . ed )
If two things alternate , first one thing happens and then the other, and then the first thing happens again, etc.
al • ter • na • tive 1 AWB / э1 ' tarnstw /
that you can use, do, etc. instead of something else
different from the usual style, customs, beliefs, etc.
al • ter • na • tive 2 AWB / э1 ' tэrnэtIv /
[ count ]
al • ter • na • tive • ly AWB / э1 ' ternstvi /
al .though Ф
Pronunciation
The word although ends with the same sound as go .
despite something
but
al • ti • tude
/ ' ®^tud /
al • to • geth
• er / ,экэ ' geбэr /
completely
counting everything or everyone
a • lu • mi • num / a'lumanam /
( chemistry ) a light metal that has a silver color
a I .ways Ф / 'olweiz /
at all times; every time I've always lived in Texas. The train is always late.
all through the past until now
forever
again and again
Always usually goes before the main verb or after "is," "are," "were," etc.:
Always can go at the beginning of a sentence when you are telling someone to do something:
am / am ; rem /
You use a.m. after a time to show that it is between midnight and 12 o'clock in the day
am • a • teur / rematjar /
( sports ) a person who does a sport or an activity because
they enjoy it, but not for money as a job
—ANTONYM professional
am • a • teur
a • maze / a'meiz /
to surprise someone very much, or to be difficult for someone to believe
very surprised
a • maze • ment / a'meizmant / [noncount] great surprise
a • maz • ing / a'meizig /
If something is amazing , it surprises you very much and
is difficult to believe
—SYNONYM incredible
a • maz • ing • ly / a'meizigli / adverb Maria plays the violin amazingly well.
am • bas • sa • dor / rem'bresadar / [count]
( politics ) an important person who represents his or her country in a foreign country
am • big • u • ous AWB / ,rem'bigyu3s /
having more than one possible meaning
am • bi • tion / rem'bijn /
[ noncount ] a very strong wish to be successful, to have power, etc.
[ count ] something that you really want to do
am • bi • tious / rem'bi/as /
A person who is ambitious wants to be successful, to have power, etc.
am • bu • lance / 'rembyalans /
a vehicle that takes people who are sick or hurt to the hospital
am • bush / 'rembuf /
a sudden surprise attack
a • me • ba / a'miba /
a • mend aw Д / a mend /
to change a law, document, statement, etc. in order to correct a mistake or improve it
a • mend • ment aw / a'mendmant / [count]
A • mer • i • can / a'merikan /
am • mo • nia / a'mounia /
( chemistry ) a clear gas with a strong smell, or a liquid made with this gas and used for cleaning
am • mu • ni • tion / lremya'nifn /
[ noncount ]
things that you throw or shoot from a gun to hurt people or damage things
am • nes • ty / 'remnasti /
[ count, noncount ] (
I nucleus
( politics ) a time when a government forgives political crimes and allows some prisoners to go free
amoeba
a • moe • ba / a'miba /
1 in the middle of a group of people or things
often feel nervous when I'm among strangers.
for or by more than two things or people He divided the money among his six children.
in a particular group of people or things
We use among when we are talking about more than two people or things:
a .mount iO /s'maunt/
a • mount 2 / э ' maunt /
amount to something to make a certain amount when
you add everything together
amp / amp /
( physics ) a measure of electricity
am • phib • i • an / am ' fibbn /
( biology ) an animal that can live both on land and in water
am • ple / ' ampl /
enough or more than enough
am • pli • fi • er / ' ampbfarar /
( music ) an electrical machine that makes sounds louder
am • pu • tate / ' ampyэteIt /
( am . pu . tates , am . pu . tat . ing , am . pu . tat . ed )
( health ) to cut off a person's arm, leg, finger, or toe for medical reasons
a .muse Ф /э'туш/
( a . mus . es , a . mus ing , a . mused )
to make someone smile or laugh Rick's joke did not amuse his mother.
to keep someone happy and busy
thinking that something is funny and wanting to laugh or smile
a • muse • ment / э ' myuzmэnt /
[noncount]
the feeling that you have when something makes you laugh or smile
a • muse • ment park / э ' myuzmэnt park /
a large park which has a lot of things that you can ride and play on and many different activities to enjoy
a • mus • ing / э ' myuzig /
Something or someone that is amusing makes you smile or laugh
an Ф / эп ; an /
1 one or any
ate an apple.
each, or for each
You use an in front of words that start with a vowel sound. Be careful! It is the sound that is important, not the spelling.
Words like
a • nal • o • gy AWL / э 'nabd3i /
(
a comparison between two things that shows how they are similar
a • nal • y • sis Ф AWL / э 'nabsis /
[count, noncount] (
the process of carefully examining the different parts of something
an • a • lyst AWL / ' amlist /
a person whose job is to analyze things carefully
an • a • lyt • ic • al AWB / ^ ' ^ /
( also an . a . lyt . ic / ,жпэ ' litik / )
looking carefully at different parts of something in order to understand or explain it
an • a • lyze Ф AWL / ' a^laiz /
( an a . lyz . es , an a . lyz . ing , an . a . lyzed )
to look at or think about the different parts of something carefully so that you can understand it
a • nat • o • my / э ' natpmi /
[ noncount ] the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies
[ count ] the structure of a living thing
► a • nat • o • m • i • cal / ana tamikl /
an • ces • tor / ' ansestэr /
[ count ]
( history ) Your ancestors are the people in your family who lived a long time before you
an • chor / ' regksr /
a heavy metal thing that you drop into the water from a boat to stop the boat from moving away
a person whose job is to read news reports on TV and introduce news reports from other people
an .cient Ф / 'emjont /
( history ) very old; from a time long ago
a word that joins words or parts of sentences together
( math ) a word you use when you are adding two numbers together
—SYNONYM plus
an • ec • dote / renikdout /
[ count ]
a short, interesting, or funny story about a real person or event
a • ne • mi • a / s ' nimis /
[ noncount ]
( health ) a medical condition in which there are not enough red cells in the blood ► a • ne • mic / s ' nimik /
an • es • thet • ic / |renss' eetik /
[ count, noncount ]
( health ) a drug that a doctor gives you so that you will not feel any pain during an operation
an • gel / ' eind3l /
( religion ) a spirit who carries messages from God. In pictures, angels are usually dressed in white and they have wings.
[ noncount ]
the strong feeling that you have when something has happened or someone has done something that you do not like
an • ger 2 / ' reggsr /
( an . gers, an . ger . ing , an . gered )
to make someone feel angry
an .gle © /'aeqgl/ломя [ count]
( math )
Spelling
Remember! You spell angle with L before E . You spell angel with E before L .
the space between two lines that meet. Angles are measured in degrees
acute angle
obtuse angle
er
an .gry © / 'seggri/
Please don't be angry at me. ♦ His behavior made me angry . ♦ I was angry with him for breaking my phone.
mad
very angry. This word cannot come before a noun with this meaning:
I had a furious argument with my mother last night. annoyed a little angry: She's annoyed at/with herself for making such a stupid mistake. ♦ I was annoyed to see that they had left the door open. ♦ Why are you getting annoyed ?
a feeling of great unhappiness or mental pain
an .i .mal Ф / 'semml/
[ count ]
1 any living thing that can move and feel but is not a
person, a bird, a fish, or an insect
Collocations
The Natural World
animals
angles
right angle
animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something) birds fly/sing/nest/migrate insects crawl/fly/bite/sting hunt/capture/kill prey lay/fertilize eggs
plants and fungi
trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower a seed sprouts
leaves/buds/shoots appear/develop/form a fungus grows/spreads pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant produce/spread pollen/seeds
2 any living thing that can move and feel, including people, birds, etc.
an • i • mat • ed / ' remmeitpd /
full of interest and energy
-SYNONYM lively
If a movie is animated , drawings or models of people and animals are made to look as if they can really move and talk
an • i • ma • tion / ,жпэ ' meijn /
[ noncount ] the process of making movies, videos, and computer games in which drawings or models of people and animals seem to move
[ count ] a movie which is made in this way The website includes several animations.
an • kle / ' жцк1 /
the part of your leg where it joins your foot
an • ni • ver • sa • ry / ,жпэ ' vэrsэri /
[ count ] (
a day that is exactly a year or a number of years after a
special or important event
an .nounce © /з'паш/
( an.nounc es,an . nounc . ing ,an.nounced)
to tell a lot of people something important
an • nounce • ment / э ' naunsmэnt /
[count]
important information that someone tells a lot of people
an • nounc • er / э ' naunsэr /
[ count ]
a person whose job is to tell us about programs on radio or television
an • noy / э ' пэ1 /
( an.noys,an . noy . ing ,an . noyed )
to make someone a little angry
an • noy • ance / э' m^ns /
[ noncount ]
the feeling of being a little angry
a little angry
Thesaurus
Please don't be angry at me. ♦ His behavior made me angry . ♦ I was angry with him for breaking my phone.
very angry. This word cannot come before a noun with this meaning:
I had a furious argument with my mother last night. annoyed a little angry: She's annoyed at/with herself for making such a stupid mistake. ♦ I was annoyed to see that they had left the door open. ♦ Why are you getting annoyed ?
an • noy • ing / э ' пэщ /
If a person or thing is annoying , they make you a little angry
an • nu • al aw
happening or done once a year or every year
for a period of one year
an • nu • al • ly AWL| / ' renyroli / adverb Payments will be made annually.
a • non • y • mous / э ' nanэmэs /
If a person is anonymous , other people do not know their name
If something is anonymous , you do not know who did, gave, or made it
a • no • rex • i • a / ,жпэ 'reksiэ /
( health ) an illness that makes someone afraid of being fat. People with anorexia eat very little and so become very thin and sick.
a • no • rex • ic / ,жпэ ' reksik /
an .Oth .еГ Ф' / э'плбэг/
1 one more thing or person of the same kind
like these cookies — can I have another one?
a different thing or person
( an swers , an . swer ing , an . swered )
Pronunciation
The word answer sounds like dancer , because we don't say the letter w in this word.
1 to say or write something back when someone has asked you something or written to you
couldn't answer all the test questions.
to write a letter or message to someone who has written to you
answer the door
to open the door when someone knocks or rings the bell
answer the phone
to pick up the telephone when it rings, and speak an . swer 2 © / 'aensor /
never received an answer to my e-mail.
a way of stopping a problem
the correct reply to a question in a test or an exam
when someone opens the door or picks up the telephone because someone has knocked or called
an • swer • ing ma • chine
/ 'rensarig ma Jin /
a machine that answers the telephone for you and keeps
messages so that you can listen to them later
a very small insect that lives in big groups in the ground and works very hard —
the Ant •arc •tic / 6i rent'arktik /
singular ]
( geography ) the very cold lands in the most southern part of the world
an .te .lope
/ 'rentaloup /
a wild animal with long horns and long thin legs, which can run fast
an • ten • na / ren'tena /
(
(
anti-
an • ti • bi • ot • ic / |rentibaiatik /
[count]
( health ) a medicine which fights illness in a person's body
an • tic • i • pate AWL / ren'tisapeit /
to think that something will happen and be ready for it
an • tic • i • pa • tion |awl| / rentisa'peijn /
an • ti • per • spi • rant / |renti'parsparent /
a substance that you put on your body to reduce sweat, especially under your arms
an • tique / ren'tik /
an old thing that is worth a lot of money
an • tique
an • ti • sep • tic / ^nta'septik /
[ count, noncount ]
( health ) a liquid or cream that you put on a cut, etc. to stop infection
an • ti • sep • tic
ant • ler / 'rentlar /
( biology ) a horn that looks like a tree branch on the head of a male deer (= a wild animal that eats grass )
an • to • nym / 'rentanim /
[ count ]
( english language arts ) a word that means the opposite of another word
anX • i • e • ty / reg'zaiati /
[ count, noncount ] (
the feeling of being worried or afraid
worried and afraid
If you are anxious to do something, you want to do it very much
anx • ious • ly / жцк/asli / adverb We waited anxiously.
1 a word that you use instead of "some" in questions and
after "not" and "if"
Which word? Some or any?
2 used for saying that it does not matter which thing or person you choose
ЭЙ .y 2® / eni/
used in negative sentences or questions to make an adjective or an adverb stronger
an .y .bod .уф / 'eni,bAdi; 'eni.bcidi /
an .y .more Ф / ^niw/
( also an . y more )
used at the end of negative sentences and questions to mean "now"
an . У . one Ф / 'eniwAn / ( also an у bod . у )
used in questions and negative sentences to mean "any person"
any person; it does not matter who
an • y • place / ' enipleis /
an .y .thing Ф / 'ешЭщ/ pronoun
1 used in questions and negative sentences to mean "a
thing of any kind"
can't see anything.
any thing or things; it does not matter what
not anything like someone or something
not the same as someone or something in any way
an • y • time / ' enitaim /
at any time; it does not matter when
an .y .way Ф / 'eniwei/
( also
1 a word that you use when you give a second, more important reason for something
despite something
a word that you use when you start to talk about something different or when you go back to something you talked about earlier
an .y .where Ф / eniwer /
( also
1 used in negative sentences and in questions instead of "somewhere"
can't find my pen anywhere.
in, at, or to any place, when it does not matter where
a . part Ф / э'рш-t/
away from the others, or from each other
into parts
except for
a . part . ment Ф / s'partmsnt /
a group of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a house or big building
ap • a • thy / ' apэ9i/
a feeling of not being interested in or enthusiastic about anything
ape / eip /
an animal like a big monkey (= an animal that lives in hot countries and can climb trees ) , with no tail and with long arms. There are different types of ape
a • piece / э ' pis /
each
a • pol • o • get • ic / э^оЬ ' d3etik /
a • pol • o • gize / э ' pabd3aiz /
(a . pol . o . giz . es, a . pol . o . giz . ing, a pol. o gized)
to say that you are sorry about something that you have done
a • pol • o • gy / э 'pabd3i /
[ count, noncount ] (
a • pos • tro • phe / э ' pastrefi /
( english language arts ) the sign ( ' ) that you use in
writing
Grammar
You use an apostrophe to show that you have left a letter out of a word or that a number is missing, for example in
You also use it to show that something belongs to someone or something:
If the apostrophe comes after the letter "s," it shows that there is more than one person:
ap • palled / s ' pold /
feeling shocked at something bad
ap • pa • rat • us / |reps ' rretss /
[ count, noncount ] (
( general science ) the set of tools or equipment used for doing a job or an activity
ap • par • ent AWL / s 'prersnt /
that seems to be real or true but may not be
easy to see or understand; clear
—SYNONYM obvious
ap •par • ent • ly Ф |awl / s ' prersntli /
You use apparently to talk about what people say, or how something appears, when you do not know if it is true or not
ap • peal 1 / s 'pil /
to ask in a serious way for something that you want very much
to be attractive or interesting to someone
to officially ask someone in authority to change a decision
ap • peal 2 / s ' pil /
[ count ] asking a lot of people for money, help, or information
[ noncount ] a quality that makes someone or something attractive or interesting
[ count ] a formal request to someone in authority to change a decision
ap • peal • ing / s ' pilig /
attractive or interesting
ap . pear Ф / .vpn-/ verb
( ap . pears , ap . pear ing , ap . peared )
to suddenly be seen; to come into sight
—ANTONYM disappear
to seem
to perform in a movie, play, etc.
ap .pear .ance © /s'pmms/ noun
[ count, noncount ] the way that someone or something looks or seems
Clothes and appearance clothes
be wearing a new outfit/a uniform/jeans
wear jewelry/a watch/glasses/contact lenses/perfume put on/take off your clothes/coat/shoes change into a pair of jeans/your pajamas be fashionably/well dressed be/get dressed for work/school/dinner appearance brush/comb your hair wash/shampoo/blow-dry your hair have/get a haircut/your hair cut/a new hairstyle have/get a makeover/your nails done use/wear/put on makeup/cosmetics/lipstick
[ count ] when someone or something arrives in a place; when someone or something is seen
Collocations
Physical Appearance
face
blue/green/brown eyes pale/flushed/rosy cheeks white/perfect/crooked teeth a long/short/neat beard hair and skin pale/fair/dark skin smooth/wrinkled skin straight/curly/wavy hair a bald/shaved head
ap • pen • di • ci • tis / spends' saitss /
[noncount]
( health ) an illness in which your appendix becomes very painful and usually has to be removed
ap • pen • dix aw / s ' pendiks /
[count]
(
(
/ s 'pendssiz / ) ( english language arts ) a section at the end of a book that gives extra information
ap • pe • tite / ' repstait /
[count, noncount]
the feeling that you want to eat
ap • pe • tiz • er / repstaizsr /
a small amount of food that you eat as the first part of a meal
ap • plaud / s plod /
( ap plauds , ap . plaud ing , ap . plaud . ed )
to make a noise by hitting your hands together to show that you like something
ap • plause / a'pbz /
[noncount]
when a lot of people hit their hands together to show that they like something
ЭР .pie © / 'sepl/
[ count ]
a hard round fruit with green or red skin
ap • ple ci • der / repl'saidar / noun
[ count, noncount ] a drink made from apples
ap • pli • ance / a'plaians /
[ count ]
ap • pli • cant / ' replikant /
a person who applies (= officially asks ) for a job or a place
at a college, for example
ap • pli • ca • tion / repla'keijn /
[ count, noncount ] writing to ask for something, for example a job
piece of paper that you use to apply for something )
[ count ] ( computers ) a computer program that is designed to do a particular job
ap . ply ©/ o'plai /
to write to ask for something Why don't you apply for the job? Steve has applied to medical school.
to be about someone or something; to be important to someone or something
to put or spread something onto a surface Apply the cream to the infected area twice a day.
ap • point / a ' point /
to choose someone for a job or position
ap . point . ment © / s'pointmsnt/
[count]
ap • pre • ci • ate © awl / a 'prijieit /
( ap . pre . ci . ates , ap . pre . ci . at . ing , ap pre ci . at . ed )
to be grateful for something that someone has done for you
to enjoy something or understand how good someone or something is
to understand that something is true
ap • pre • ci •a • tion |awL / apriji' eijn /
understanding and enjoyment of how good someone or something is
the feeling of being grateful for something that someone has done for you
ap • pren • tice / a 'prentas /
a person, especially a young person, who is learning to do a job
ap • proach 1 AWL / a ' proutj /
ap • proach 2 AWL / a' proutj /
[ count ] a way of doing something
[ noncount ] coming near or nearer to someone or something
ap •pro • pri • ate © |awl / a 'proupriat /
—ANTONYM inappropriate
ap • prov • al / a pruvl /
feeling, showing, or saying that something or someone is good or right
official permission to do something
ЭР .prOVe © /э'ршу/
to think or say that something or someone is good or right
—ANTONYM disapprove
to officially agree to something or say that something is correct
ap • prox • i • mate Iaw / a'praksamat /
almost correct but not exact
ap • prox • i • mate • ly AWl| /a 'praksamatli /
about; more or less
a • pri • cot / ' reprikat ; ' eiprikat /
A . pril Ф / ' eiprel /
(
a • pron / ' eipren /
ap • ti • tude / ' a-pt.^tud /
[ count, noncount ]
a natural ability or skill at doing something
a • quar • i • um / э ' kwo^m /
a large glass container filled with water, in which fish are kept
a building where people can go to see fish and other water animals
a • quat • ic / э ' kwretik /
( biology ) living or happening in or on water
arc / ark /
ar • cade / ar keid /
a large room with machines and games that you put coins in to play
arch / artj/
[count]
(
a part of a bridge, building, or wall that is in the shape of a half circle
ar • chae • ol • o • gist
(also ar . che .ol .o .gist ) / ,arki 'abd3ist /
ar • chae • ol • o • gy ( also ar . che ol o . gy )
/ ,arki 'abd3i /
the study of the past by looking at objects or parts of old buildings that are found in the ground ► ar • chae • o • log • i • cal ( also ar . che o. log . i . cal )
ar • chi • tect / ' a^tekt /
a person whose job is to design and plan buildings
ar • chi • tec • ture / ' a^tekt^r /
[ noncount ]
the study of designing and making buildings
( art ) the design or style of a building or buildings
the Arc • tic / 6i ' arktik /
( geography ) the very cold land and countries in the most northern part of the world
are / эг ; ar /
а г .e .a Ф / еиэ / noun
[ count ] a part of a city, country, or the world
[ count, noncount ] ( math ) the size of a flat place. If a room is twelve feet wide and ten feet long, it has an area of 120 square feet.
[ count ] a space that you use for a particular activity
ar • e • a code / ' ейэ ^ud /
the numbers for a particular area, which you use when you are making a telephone call from outside the area
a • re • na / э ' rim /
(
a place with seats around it where you can watch sports or concerts
aren't / arnt /
1 to talk with someone in an angry way because you do not agree
often argue with my brother.
to say why you think something is right or wrong
ar .gu .ment Ф / ' аrgyэmэnt /
[count]
1 an angry discussion between people who do not agree with each other
had an argument with my father.
the reason or reasons that you give to support your opinion about something
ar • gu • men • ta • tive / ^уэ ' mentэtIv /
often involved in or enjoying arguments
( geography ) with little or no rain and so very dry
a • rise / э 'raiz /
a • rith • me • tic / э ' г^эл /
[noncount]
( math ) working with numbers, for example by adding or multiplying, to find the answer to a math problem
arm 1 © / arm /
the part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
arm in arm
with your arm holding another person's arm
arm 2 / arm /
to provide weapons for someone or yourself
ar • ma • dil • lo / larma'dilou /
[count]
(
a small American animal that eats insects. Its body is covered in a shell of hard plates.
arm • chai r / ' armtfer /
a soft, comfortable chair with side parts where you can put your arms
the armed forc • es / 6i |armd ' forsiz /
[ plural ]
a country's soldiers who fight on land, on water, or in the air
—SYNONYM the military
ar • mor / ' armэr /
metal clothes that men wore long ago to cover their bodies when they were fighting
► ar • mored / ' аrmэrd /
arm • pit / ' armpit /
the part of your body under your arm, where your arm joins your body
arms / armz /
guns, bombs, and other weapons for fighting
ar .my Ф / 'armi/
( politics ) a large group of soldiers who fight on land in a war
a • ro • ma / э 'roumэ /
a pleasant smell
armadillo
in or to different places or in different directions
in the opposite direction or in another direction
on or to all sides of something, often in a circle
in a place; near here
( also a . bout ) a little more or less than; a little before or after
ar . range Ф / o'reindi /
( ar . rang es , ar rang ing , ar . ranged )
to put things in a certain order or place
to make a plan for the future
ar .range .ment Ф / э ' remdзmэnt /
[count]
a plan or preparation that you make so that something can happen in the future
a group of things put together so that they look nice
a r . rest 1 Ф / a'rest /
( ar rests ,ar.rest. ing , ar rest.ed )
When the police arrest someone, they take that person away to ask them questions about a crime
ar • rest 2 / э ' rest /
[ count, noncount ]
the act of arresting someone
arrested )
ar • ri • val / э ' raivl /
[ count, noncount ] coming to a place
—ANTONYM departure
[ count ] a person or thing that has arrived We brought in extra chairs for the late arrivals.
ar . rive Ф / aW/
( ar rives , ar . riv . ing , ar . rived )
to come to a place
—ANTONYM leave , depart
to come or happen Summer has arrived! Grammar
Be careful! We use arrive in with the name of a city or country and arrive at with a building such as a station, an airport, or a school.
ar • ro • gant / ' rersgsnt /
A person who is arrogant thinks that they are better and more important than other people. ► ar • ro • gance / ' rersgsns /
ar .row Ф / rerou /
a long thin piece of wood or metal with a point at one end
the sign ( — ) that shows where something is or where you should go
ar • son / ' arsn/
the crime of setting fire to a building on purpose
art Ф / art /
[ noncount ] ( art ) making things such as paintings and drawings for people to look at
[ noncount ] ( art ) things like paintings and drawings that someone has made
the arts [ plural ] things like films, plays, and literature How much money does the government spend on the arts?
[ count , usually singular ] a skill, or something that needs skill
arts [ plural ] the subjects you can study in school or college which are not science subjects, for example history or languages
( biology ) one of the tubes in your body that carry blood away from your heart to other parts of your body
ar • thri • tis / ar' eraitss /
( health ) a disease that causes pain when you bend your arms, fingers, knees, etc.
ar • ti • choke / ' art3|tjouk /
[count]
a green vegetable with a lot of thick pointed leaves that looks like a flower. You eat the bottom part of the leaves and its center when it is cooked.
ar .ti .cle Ф / 'ш-ш/ noun
[ count ]
a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine
a thing
( english language arts ) the words "a" and "an" (called the indefinite article ), or "the" (called the definite article )
ar.ti.fi .cial Ф / .arte'fijl/
not natural or real, but made by people
/ |arts 'fijl in' telsd3sns /
( computers ) the study of the way in which computers can copy the way humans think
art . ist Ф / 'artist /
( art ) a person who makes art, especially paintings or
drawings
good at painting, drawing, or making other things connected with art
connected with art
while something else is happening
as ... as words that you use to compare people or things; the same amount
used to say that someone or something has a particular job or purpose
in the same way Please do as I tell you!
(
ASAP ( also asap ) / |ei es ei pi ; eisrep /
as soon as possible
as • cend / s send /
to go up
ash / re/ /
the gray powder that is left after something has completely
burned
a .shamed Ф / s feimd /
feeling sorry and unhappy because you have done something wrong, or because you are not as good as other people
a • shore / s for /
onto the land from the ocean or a river
ash • tray / ' rejtrei /
a small dish for cigarette ash and the ends of cigarettes
a • side / s said /
on or to one side; away
ask О / resk /
1 to try to get an answer by using a question
asked him what time it was. "What's your name?" she asked. Liz asked the teacher a question.
to say that you would like someone to do something for you
to try to get permission to do something
to invite someone to go somewhere with you
ask for someone to say that you want to speak to someone
ask for something to say that you want someone to
give you something
sleeping
—ANTONYM awake Which word? Asleep or sleeping?
as • par • a • gus / a 'spreragas
thin green plants with pointed ends that are eaten as a vegetable
as • pect AWL / ' respekt/
one of the qualities or parts of a situation, idea, problem, etc.
as • phalt / ' resfolt /
a thick black substance that is used for making the surface of roads
as • pi • rin / ' respran /
as • sas • sin / a ' sresn /
a person who kills a famous or important person
as • sas • si • nate / a sresaneit /
to kill an important or famous person
as • sault
as • sem • ble aw / a ' sembl /
( as . sem . bles , as . sem . bling , as . sem . bled )
to come together, or bring people or things together in a group
to fit the parts of something together
as • sem • bly aw / a ' sembli /
[ count, noncount ] (
a meeting of a big group of people for a special reason
as • ser • tive / a ' sartiv /
acting and talking in a confident way so that people listen to you or do what you want
as • sess AWL / a 'ses /
as • sess • ment AWL| / a ' sesmant /
as • set / ' reset /
a person or thing that is useful to someone or something
as • sign AWL| / a 'sain /
to give someone a particular job to do
as • sign • ment aw / a ' sainmant / [ count, noncount ]
a job or piece of work that someone is given to do
as • sist AWL / a ' sist /
to help someone
as • sis • tance awl / a' sistans /
[ noncount ] (
as • sis • tant AWL / a ' sistant /
as • so • ci • ate 1 / a ' sou/i^t /
( as . so . ci ates, as . so . ci . at ing, as . so . ci at ed )
to make a connection between things or people in your mind
to spend time with someone
as • so • ci • ate 2 / a ' soujiat /
( business ) a person that you know through your work
as • so • ci • ate's de • gree
/ э 'soujbts di,gri / ( also as . so . ci . ate de . gree )
a degree that you get after studying for two years at a college or university in the U.S.
as • so • ci • a • tion / .^sousi' eijn /
[ count ]
a group of people who join or work together for a special reason
as • sort • ed / э ' sэrtэd /
as • sume AWL / э 'sum /
to think that something is true although you are not really sure
as • sump • tion awl / э' sAmpjn /
[ count ]
something that you think is true, although you are not really sure
as • sure awl / э 'jur /
(as.sures,as . sur. ing ,as.sured)
to tell someone what is true or certain so that they feel less worried
as • ter • isk / ' жstэrIsk /
( english language arts ) the symbol (*) that you use to
make people notice something in a piece of writing
as • ter • oid / ' жstэrэId /
any of the many small planets that go around the sun asth • ma / ' жzmэ /
( health ) an illness that makes breathing difficult
a • ston • ish / э ' stanif /
( a . ston . ish . es , a . ston ish . ing , a . ston . ished )
to surprise someone very much
a • ston • ished / э ' stanift /
very surprised
a • ston • ish • ing / э ' stanijig /
If something is astonishing , it surprises you very much
a • ston • ish • ment / э ' stanij^nt /
[noncount]
a feeling of great surprise
as • trol • o • gy / э ' strabd3i /
the study of the positions and movements of the stars and planets and the way that some people believe they affect people and events
as • trol • o • ger / э 'stralэdзэr /
as • tro • naut / ' ®stremt ; ' ®strenat /
a person who works and travels in space
as • tron • o • my / э ' strammi /
the study of the sun, moon, planets, and stars
as • tron • o • mer / э 'strаnэmэr /
a person who studies or knows a lot about astronomy
as • tute / э ' stut /
good at judging people or situations
a word that shows where
a word that shows when I go to bed at eleven o'clock. At night you can see the stars.
toward someone or something
a word that shows what someone is doing or what is happening
a word that shows how much, how fast, how old, etc.
a word that shows how well someone or something does something
because of something We laughed at his jokes.
the symbol @ , used in e-mail addresses after a person's name
Style
We use dot when we say a person's e-mail address. For the address ann@smith.com we say "Ann at smith dot com."
ate
a • the • ist / ' eiSiist /
( religion ) a person who does not believe that there is a God
ath • lete / ' ®eiit /
( sports ) a person who is good at sports like running or jumping, especially one who takes part in sports competitions
ath • let • ic / же ' letik /
( sports ) connected with sports
( health ) having a fit, strong, and healthy body
ath • let • ics / же 'letiks /
( sports ) sports of any kind
at • las / ' atbs /
ATM / |ei ti ' em /
a machine that you can get money from by using a special plastic card Word building There are two main types of bank account . If you have a checking account , you can take your money out at any time by using a check or an ATM card (= a card that you put into a machine, which gives you money ) .
A savings account lets you keep your money in the bank to use later. You receive extra money, called interest , for keeping your money there.
at .mos . phere © / ' atmэsfIr /
the atmosphere [ singular ] ( general science ) the
mixture of gases around the earth
[ count ] the air in a place
[ count, noncount ] the feeling that places or people give you
at . от © / 'setem /
( physics , chemistry ) one of the very small things that everything is made of
atom
a • tom • ic / э ' tamik /
( chemistry , physics )
of or about atoms
using the great power that is made by breaking atoms
at • tach Ф AWL / э ' tatf/
to join or fix one thing to another thing
at • tached aw / э ' tatf: /
at • tach • ment aw / э ' ta^^n /
[ count, noncount ] a strong feeling of love or liking for someone or something
[ count ] ( computers ) a document that you send to someone using e-mail
at .tack 1© / s'tsek/
[ count, noncount ] a violent act which is done in order to hurt someone or damage something
[ count ] ( health ) a time when you are sick
at .tack 2 © / s'tsek/
to start fighting or hurting someone or something
at • tain AWL / э 'tein /
to succeed in getting or achieving something, especially after a lot of effort
at • tempt / э ' tempt /
to try to do something that is difficult
—SYNONYM try
at • tempt
at • tend / э tend /
at • ten • dance / э 'tendэns /
[ noncount ] being present at a place, for example at school
[ count, noncount ] the number of people who go to an organized event
at • ten • dant / э 'tendэnt /
a person whose job is to serve or help people in a public place
at .ten .tion © /s'tenjn/ noun
[ noncount ]
1 looking or listening carefully and with interest
shouted in order to attract her attention (= make her notice me ) .
special care or action
pay attention
to look or listen carefully
at • ten • tive / s ' tentiv /
watching, listening to, or thinking about someone or something carefully
at • tic / ' retik/
the room or space under the roof of a house
at .ti .tude Ф E / ' rets|tud / t
the way you think or feel about something
at • tor • ney / s 'tsrni /
a lawyer, especially one who helps people or talks for them in a court of law
—SYNONYM lawyer
at .tract Ф / o'traekt/ verb
( at . tracts , at tract . ing , at . tract ed )
1 to make someone like someone or something
had always been attracted by the idea of working overseas.
to make someone or something come somewhere
at • trac • tion / s ' trrekjn /
can't understand his attraction to her.
[ count ] something that is interesting or enjoyable The Washington Monument is a major tourist attraction .
at .trac .tive Ф / o'traektiv/
A person who is attractive is nice to look at
Something that is attractive pleases you or interests you
—ANTONYM unattractive
Thesaurus
a • typ • i • cal / ei 'tipikl /
not typical or usual
a sale where each thing is sold to the person who will give the most money for it
► auc • tion
to sell something at an auction
au • di • ence / ' odisns /
[ count ]
the people who are watching or listening to a movie, play, concert, television program, etc.
au • di • o • vis • u • al / |Odiou ' v^usl /
au • di • tion 1 / o' dijn /
a short performance by an actor, a singer, etc. to find out if he or she is good enough to be in a play, show, etc.
au • di • tion 2 / o ' dijn /
( au di . tion , au . di tion . ing , au . di . tioned )
au • di • to • ri • um / rxis' torism /
[ count ] (
/|ods ' toris / )
a large room like a theater where people sit and watch a
performance, listen to a speaker, etc.
All .gUSt Ф / 'ogast/
the eighth month of the year
aunt Ф / sent; ant /
the sister of your mother or father, or the wife of your uncle
au • then • tic / o eentik /
real and true
au • thor AWL / ' oesr /
( english language arts ) a person who writes books or stories
au • thor • i • tar • i •an / seorsterisn /
not allowing people the freedom to decide things for themselves
au • thor • i • ta • tive AWB / s ' eorsteitiv /
having authority; demanding or expecting that people obey you
that you can trust as true and correct the most authoritative book on the subject
au • thor • i • ty Ф AWL / s ' eorsti /
(
[ noncount ] the power to tell people what they must do
[ count ] ( politics ) a group of people that tell other people what they must do
[ count ] a person with special knowledge
—SYNONYM expert
au • thor • ize / ' oearaiz /
to give official permission for something, or for someone to do something
[noncount]
a car
au • to • bi • og • ra • phy / otabai ' agrafi /
au • to • graph / ' otagrref /
a famous person's name, which they themselves have written
au • to • mat • ed AWB / ' otameitad /
operated by machine, without needing people
au • to • mat • ic AWB /
If a machine is automatic , it can work by itself, without people controlling it
that you do without thinking
au • to • mo • bile / |otama 'bil /
a car
au • top • sy / ' o|tapsi /
( health ) an examination of a dead body to find out the cause of death
au • tumn / ' otam/
—SYNONYM fall
a • vail • a • ble Ф AWL / a ' veilabl /
ready for you to use, have, or see
av • a • lanche / ' revalrentj / [ count ]
( geography ) a very large amount of snow that falls quickly down the side of a mountain
av • e • nue / ' revanu /
[count ]
a street in a town or city
The short way of writing "Avenue" in addresses is Ave.
Thesaurus
lane one part of a larger road, marked with painted lines to keep lines of traffic separate:
av .er .age iO / 'aevndъ/ noun
[ count ] ( math ) the result you get when you add two or more amounts together and then divide the total by the number of amounts you added
[ noncount ] the normal amount, quality, etc. On average , I buy a newspaper about twice a week.
av .er .age
( math ) (used about a number) found by calculating the average 1 (1)
normal or usual
av • er • age з / ' revrid3 /
(av . er ag .es,av . er.ag. ing ,av . er.aged )
to do or get something as an average
a • vi • a • tion / |eivi' eijn /
[ noncount ]
the process or activity of designing, building, or flying
airplanes, etc.
very enthusiastic about something, usually something you do in your free time
av • o • ca • do
/ |ava ' kadou ;reva ' kadou /
a .void Ф/ о1 void /
to stop something from happening; to try not to do something
to stay away from someone or something We crossed the road to avoid our teacher.
a • void • a • ble / э ' vэIdэbl /
If something is avoidable , it is not necessary and can be prevented.
—ANTONYM unavoidable
a • wait / э weit /
to wait for something
not sleeping
a • ward 1 / э ' wэrd /
a prize or money that you give to someone who has done
something very well
a • ward 2 / э ' wэrd /
to officially give a prize to someone
a .ware Ф / swer /
—ANTONYM unaware
a • ware • ness awl / э' wern / noun
[ noncount , singular ]
knowing something; knowing that something exists and is important
a .Way Ф / o'vvei/
to or in another place She ran away from him. He put his books away.
from a place
not here
—SYNONYM absent
in the future
awe / э / noun
[noncount]
a feeling of great respect because you admire something very much
1 (
just bought this awesome new computer! Wow! That's totally awesome!
—SYNONYM great
making you feel impressed and perhaps a little afraid
very bad
If something is very bad, you can say awful , dreadful , or terrible :
Something that is not nice or someone who is unkind is horrible :
aw • ful • ly / ' эШ /
very
—SYNONYM terribly
a • while / э wail /
difficult or causing problems
not comfortable; making you feel embarrassed
not able to move your body in an easy way
awn • ing / ' эшц /
a piece of material above a door or window to keep off the sun or rain
ax ( also axe ) / жks /
a tool for cutting wood
ЭХ . is / 'seksss / _
ал1э
( physics ) a line we imagine through the middle of an object, around which the object turns
( math ) a fixed line used for marking measurements on a
picture showing numbers and amounts (a graph )
horizontal axis
vertical axis graph axes
ax • le / ' жksl /
Bb
B, b / bi /
the second letter of the English alphabet
B the second highest grade given for a test or piece of work, lower than an A
B.A. / |bi ' ei /
the degree that you receive when you complete a program of study at a college or university in an arts subject (= a subject that is not a science subject ) . B.A. is short for "Bachelor of Arts."
ba . by О / ' beibi /
ba • by car • riage / ' beibi |karid3 /
( also ba . by bug .gy / ' beibi |bAgi / )
ba • by • sit / ' beibisit /
ba • by • sit • ter / 'beibisitar /
a person who takes care of a child for a short time while the parents are not at home
bach • e • lor / ' batjbbr /
a man who has never married
bach • e • lor's de / 'batjbbrz di|gri /
a degree that you get after studying for four years at a college or university
back 1 Ф / bsek/
the part of a person or an animal that is between the neck and the part of your body that you sit on (the buttocks )
the part of something that is behind or farthest from the front
when someone is not there, so that they do not know about it
back 2 Ф / bsek /
back 3 Ф / bsek /
in or to the place where someone or something was before
away from the front
—ANTONYM forward
as a way of returning or answering something
back 4 / bak /
to move backward or to make something move backward
to give help or support to someone or something
back away to move away backward
back down to stop demanding something or saying that
you are right
back out to not do something that you promised or
agreed to do
back up to move backward, especially in a vehicle
back someone up to support someone
back something up
to say or show that something is true
( computers ) to make a copy of information in your computer that you do not want to lose
back • ache / bakeik /
[count, noncount]
( health ) a continuous pain in your back
back • bone / ' bakboun /
( biology ) the line of bones down the back of your body —SYNONYM spine
back • ground / ' bakgraund /
[ count ] the type of family that a person comes from and the education and experience that they have
[ singular ] ( art ) the things at the back in a picture This is a photo of my house with the mountains in the background .
—ANTONYM foreground
[ noncount ] the facts or events that are connected with a situation
back • log / 'breklog ; 'breklag /
work, etc. that has not yet been done and needs to be done
back • pack 1 / 'brekprek /
[count]
a large bag that you carry on your back when you are traveling
back • pack 2 / ' brekprek /
to go walking or traveling with your clothes, etc. in a backpack
► back • pack • ing / ' brekprekig /
[noncount]
back • side / ' breksaid /
the part of your body that you sit on
back • stage / |brek ' steid3 /
in the part of a theater where the performers get dressed, wait, etc.
back • stroke / ' brekstrouk / [noncount]
( sports ) a way of swimming on your back
back • up / ' brekAp /
[ noncount ] extra help or support that you can get if
necessary
[ count ] ( computers ) a copy of information that you have put in your computer and which you do not want to lose
back .ward iO / brekwsrd / ( also back . wards / ' brekwsrdz / )
toward a place or a position that is behind
—ANTONYM forward
with the back or the end first
first in one direction and then in the other, many times
back • ward 2 / ' brekwsrd /
in the direction behind you
slow to learn or change
back • yard / |brek'yard /
[count]
the area behind and around a house
ba • con / beiksn /
[noncount]
bac • te • ri • a / brek ' tiris /
( biology ) very small things that live in air, water, earth, plants, and animals. Some bacteria can make us sick.
bad © / bred /
not good or nice
serious
not done or made well
not able to work or do something well
too old to eat; not fresh
not good; morally wrong
If something is very bad, you can say awful , dreadful , or terrible :
Something that is not nice or someone who is unkind is horrible :
If you are bad at something , you cannot do it well
If something is bad for you , it can make you sick
to become too old to eat
words that you use when you are sorry or feel bad about something
badge / bred3 /
[count]
a small piece of metal, cloth, or plastic with a design or words on it that you wear on your clothes
badg • er / ' bred3sr /
[ count ]
an animal with black and white lines on its head that lives in holes in the ground and comes out at night
bad . ly Ф / baedli /
in a way that is not good enough; not well
very much
bad • min • ton / ' bredmintn /
( sports ) a game for two or four players who try to hit a kind of light ball with feathers on it over a high net, using a racket (= a piece of equipment that you hold in your hand )
bag Ф / bseg /
a thing made of cloth, paper, leather, etc., for holding and carrying things
briefcase fanny pack
suitcase grocery bag
ba • gel / 'beigl /
[ count ]
a type of bread in the shape of a ring
backpack
bags
strap
purse
bag • gage / ' bagid3 /
the bags that you take with you when you travel
—SYNONYM luggage
bag • gy / bagi /
If clothes are baggy , they are big and loose
bag • pipes / bagpaips /
[ plural ]
( music ) a musical instrument that is often played in Scotland
bail / beil /
money that is paid so that someone does not have to stay in prison until the day he or she has to appear in a court of law
bait / beit /
food that is used to catch animals or fish with
bake Ф / beik /
to cook food, for example bread, in an oven
Thesaurus
bak • er / ' be^r /
[ count ]
a person who makes and sells bread and cakes
bak • er • y / ' beiksri /
(
a place where bread and cakes are made or sold
bal а псе 1Ф /'baebns
1 [ noncount ] the ability to keep steady with an equal amount of weight on each side of the body
struggled to keep my balance on my new skates. She lost her balance and fell off her bike.
[ singular ] when two things are the same, so that one is not bigger or more important, for example
[ count ] the amount of money in someone's bank account
bal • ance 2 / ' babns /
to put your body or something else into a position where it is steady and does not fall
to have or to give different things equal value, importance, etc.
bal •anced / ' babnst /
consisting of good or equal amounts of different parts or things
bal • co • ny / ' ba^ni /
(
a small area on the outside wall of a building, above the ground, where you can stand or sit
an area of seats upstairs in a theater
with no hair or not much hair on your head
bald ea gle loi.i Mi
a large bird with brown feathers on its body and white feathers on its head and neck. It is the official symbol of the U.S.
ball © / bol /
( sports ) a round thing that you use in games and sports
any round thing
a big formal party where people dance be on the ball
bal • le • ri • na / ,ьжь ' rim /
a woman who dances in ballets
bal • let / Ьж ' lei /
[ noncount ] a style of dance that tells a story with music but no words
[ count ] a performance of a story, told with dancing and music but no words
bal • loon / Ьэ ' lun /
a small rubber bag that you blow air into and use as a toy or to decorate a room
= hot-air balloon
bal • lot / ' ЬжЫ /
[ count ] a piece of paper that you use when you vote Put an "X" next to the candidate's name on the ballot. Voters will cast their ballots (= vote ) on election day.
[ count, noncount ] when people vote for someone or something by writing secretly on a piece of paper
ballpark / ' ьэ^л /
[count]
( sports ) a field or sports center where baseball is played Thesaurus
stadium a large place with seats around the sides where you can watch sports:
track an area with a special surface for people or cars to have races on:
a number that is not exact, but is more or less correct
ball • point pen / ^lpoint ' pen /
a pen that has a very small ball at the end that rolls a special liquid (called ink ) onto the paper
ba • lo • ney / Ьэ 'louni /
(
= bologna
bam • boo / ,Ьжш'bu /
a tall plant that grows in hot countries and is often used for making furniture
ban / Ьжп /
to say that something must not happen; to not allow something
ba • nan • a / Ьэ 'пжпэ /
band © / Ьж^ /
put a rubber band around the letters. The hat had a red band around it.
( music ) a group of people who play music together
a line of color or material on something that is different from the rest of it
band • age 1 / ' ьж^^3 /
( health ) a long piece of cloth that you tie around a part of the body that is hurt
band • age 2 / ' ьж^^3 /
( band . ag es,band . ag . ing ,band aged )
( health ) to put a bandage around a part of the body
Band-Aid™
ban • dan • na / bren drena /
a square piece of cloth that you wear around your neck or head
ban • dit / ' brendat /
a person who attacks and robs people who are traveling
bang 1 / bag /
to make a loud noise by hitting something hard or by
closing something
bang 2 / bag /
a sudden, very loud noise He shut the door with a bang.
a short, strong knock or hit, especially one that causes pain and injury
bangs / bagz /
the short hair that hangs down above your eyes
ban • is • ter / ' brenastar /
a long piece of wood or metal that you hold on to when you go up or down stairs
ban • jo / ' brend3ou /
bank 1 © / bag к /
1 a place that keeps money safe for people
have $500 in the bank.
( geography ) the land along the side of a river People were fishing along the banks of the river.
bank 2 / bagk /
to keep your money in a particular bank
Band-Aid™ / brend eid /
( health ) a small piece of sticky material that you put over a cut on your body to keep it clean
bandage
bank on someone or something to expect and trust someone to do something, or something to happen
bank ac • count / 'bagk a|kaunt
an arrangement that you have with a bank that lets you
keep your money there
Word building
If you have a bank account , you can deposit money (= pay it in ) or withdraw it (= take it out ):
If you don't want to spend your money, you can save it (= keep it in the bank).
bank • er / bagkar /
( business ) a person who owns a bank or who has an important job in a bank
bank • ing / ' bagkig /
the type of business done by banks
bank • rupt / ' bagkrvpt /
not able to continue in business because you cannot pay the money that you owe
ban • ner / brenar /
a long piece of cloth with words on it. People carry banners to show what they think
ban • quet / ' bagkwat /
a formal dinner for a large number of people, usually as a special event
bap • tism / ' breptizam /
[count, noncount]
( religion ) a religious ceremony when someone is baptized
bap • tize / ' breptaiz /
( religion ) to put water on someone and give them a name, to show that they belong to the Christian Church
ЬаГ 1 Ф / bar /
a place where people can go and buy drinks, especially alcoholic drinks
a place where you can get a particular kind of food or drink
a long, high table where you buy drinks in a bar
a long thin piece of metal or wood There were iron bars on the windows.
a small block of something hard
in prison
bar 2 / bar /
to put something across a place so that people cannot pass
to say officially that someone must not do something or go somewhere
bar • be • cue / ' barbikyu/
a meal or a party where you cook food on a fire outside
( bar . be . cues , bar . be cu . ing , bar be cued )
barbed wire
9780194399647
/ ,barbd 'wa^r /
bar•ber / ' ba^r /
a person whose job is to cut men's hair ► bar • ber • shop / ' ba^rfap /
a place where a barber works
bar code . .
[count]
a pattern of black lines that is printed on things you buy It contains information that a computer
reads to find the 9 .__._. ____.. price.
(used about a part of the body) with no clothes covering it
without anything covering it or in it
with no shoes or socks on your feet
bare • ly / ' berli /
—SYNONYM hardly
bar • gain 1 / ' ba^n /
bar • gain 2 / ' ba^n /
to try to agree on a good price for something
barge / bard3 /
a long boat with a flat bottom for carrying things or people on rivers or canals (= artificial rivers )
bark 1 / bark /
[ noncount ] the hard surface of a tree
[ count ] the short loud sound that a dog makes
bark 2 / bark /
bar • ley / ' barli /
barn / barn /
a large building on a farm for storing grain or keeping animals in
bar • racks / ' bжrэks /
a building or group of buildings where soldiers live
bar • rel / 'Ьжгэ1 /
[count]
a big container for liquids, with round sides and flat ends
the long metal part of a gun that a bullet goes through bar • ren / ' Ьжгэп /
( geography ) (used about land) not good enough for plants to grow on
bar • ri • cade / ' bжrэkeId /
[count]
a line of things arranged across a road, etc. to stop people from getting past ► bar • ri • cade
( bar . ri cades , bar . ri cad ing , bar ri . cad . ed )
bar • ri • er / 'Ьжйэг /
[ count ]
a wall or fence that stops you from going somewhere
something that causes problems or makes it impossible for something to happen
bar • tend • er / ' bartendэr /
a person whose job is to make and serve drinks in a bar
base 1 Ф / beis /
[count]
the bottom part of something; the part that something stands on
a person's or a company's main home or office
a place where soldiers in the army, navy, etc. live and work
( sports ) one of the four points that a player must touch before scoring in baseball
base 2 чР / beis /
If a person or a company is based in a place, that is where they have their main home or office
base something on something to make or develop something, using another thing as a starting point
base .ball О / beisbol /
pitcher
base • ment / ' beismsnt /
part of a building that is under the level of the ground
ba • ses
/ ' beissz /
/ ' beisiz /
bash / brej /
to hit someone or something very hard
ba .sic Ф / 'beisik/
most important and necessary
simple; including only what is necessary This class teaches basic computer skills.
ba • si • cal • ly / ' beisikli /
in the most important ways
used when you are saying what is important about a situation
ba • sics / 'beisiks /
the things that you need most or are the most important
ba • sin / ' beisn/
( geography ) a place where the earth's surface is lower
than the area around it
ba .sis Ф / beisss
[ singular ] the way something is done or organized
[ singular ] the reason why something is done We made our decision on the basis of your report.
[ count ] a starting point, from which something develops
bas•ket
/ breskst /
a container made of thin sticks or thin pieces of plastic or metal, which you use for holding or carrying things
( sports ) a net that hangs from a metal ring high up at each end of a basketball court
bas • ket • ball / ' breskstbol /
[ noncount ] a game for two teams of five players who try to throw a ball into a high net
[ count ] a ball for playing this game
( sports ) a piece of wood for hitting the ball in baseball
Which word? The thing that you use to hit the ball has different names in different sports. You use a bat in baseball. You use a racket to play squash. To play golf, you use a club In hockey, you use a stick
an animal like a mouse with wings. Bats come out and fly at night.
bat 2 / bret / ( bats , bat . ting , bat . ted )
( sports ) to try to hit a ball in baseball
batch / bret//
a group of things
bath
(
washing your body in a large container (called a bathtub ) that you fill with water
bathe / beid /
to wash yourself or someone else in a large container (called a bathtub ) filled with water
bath • ing suit / 'beidig rsut /
[count]
a piece of clothing that you wear to go swimming
—SYNONYM swimsuit
bath • robe / 'ba9roub /
a piece of clothing, like a loose soft coat, that you put on after taking a bath or shower
bath . room О / ъжешт / noun
[count]
a room where there is a toilet, and usually also a bathtub or shower
People usually say the bathroom in their homes. In public places, people say the restroom , ladies' room or men's room .
bath • tub / ' ba6t\b / ( also
a large container that you fill with water and sit in to wash your body
bat • ter / ' bater /
[ noncount ] a mixture of flour, eggs, milk, etc. used for making food such as cakes
[ count ] ( sports ) a person who hits the ball in baseball
bat • ter • y / ' batpri /
(
( physics ) a thing that gives electricity. You put batteries inside things like toys, radios, and cars to make them work.
bat • tle 1 / 'batl /
[ count, noncount ] ( history ) a fight between armies in a war
[ count ] trying very hard to do something difficult After three years, she lost her battle against cancer.
bat • tle 2 / 'batl /
to try very hard to do something difficult
bay / bei /
( geography ) a part of the coast where the land goes in to form a curve
BBQ
( history , religion ) B.C. in a date shows it was before
Christ was born
tried calling them but there was no answer. Is there a post office near here?
a word that you use when you are giving the name of people or things, describing them or giving more information about them
a word that you use to give the position of someone or something or the place where they are
a word that you use to talk about the age of someone or something or to talk about time
( english language arts ) a word that you use with another verb
( english language arts ) a word that you use with part of another verb to show that something happens to someone or something
a word that shows that something must or will happen
beach ©/ bitjY
( geography ) a piece of land next to an ocean or a lake that is covered with sand or stones
bea • con / ' bikэn /
a strong light or other signal that is used as a warning or guide for boats, airplanes, etc.
bead / bid /
a small ball of wood, glass, or plastic with a hole in the middle. Beads are put on a string to make jewelry.
beak / bik /
the hard pointed part of a bird's mouth
beak • er / ' bikэr /
( general science ) a glass container with a flat bottom, used by scientists for pouring liquids
beam 1 / bim /
( physics ) a line of light
a long heavy piece of wood that holds up a roof or ceiling
beam 2 / bim /
to send out light and warmth
to have a big happy smile on your face
bean / bin /
a seed, or a seed container, that we use as food
bear 1 / ber /
bear 2 Ф / ber /
( bears , bear . ing , bore / bor / has borne / born / )
to be able to accept something unpleasant without complaining
to hold someone or something up so that they do not fall
bear left ; bear right
to turn toward the left or right
bear in mind that... ; bear something in mind
to remember or consider something
can't bear someone or something
to hate someone or something
beard Ф / bird /
the hair on a man's chin
beast / bist /
(
an unkind or cruel person
beat 1 Ф / bit /
( beats , beat ing , beat , has beat . en / ' bitn / )
( sports ) to win a fight or game against a person or group of people
to hit someone or something very hard many times
to make the same sound or movement many times
to mix food quickly with a fork, for example
beat someone up to hit or kick someone hard, many times
beat 2 / bit /
a single sound that comes again and again
( music ) the strong pattern of sounds that a piece of music has
beau • ti • cian / byu ' ti/n /
a person whose job is to give special treatments to your face and body to make you look good
beau .ti .ful Ф / ' byutafl /
very pretty or attractive
very nice to see, hear, or smell Those flowers are beautiful. What a beautiful song!
beau .ty Ф / ' byuti /
bea ver
/ bivar /
be .cause Ф /bibz;bikAz/
for the reason that
because of something
beck • on / ' bekan /
to move your finger to show that you want someone to come nearer
be .come Ф / Ы'клт/
Style
bed Ф / bed /
a thing that you sleep on It was time to go to bed . The children are in bed .
( geography ) the bottom of a river or the ocean
bed and break • fast / ,bed эп ' brekfэst /
(
bed • clothes / ' bedkloudz/
the sheets and covers that you use on a bed
bed . ГООт Ф / 'bedmm /
a room where you sleep
bed • spread / ' bedspred /
a large cover for a bed that you put on top of the sheets and other covers
bed • time / bedtaim /
bee / bi /
a black and yellow insect that flies and makes a sweet food that we eat (called honey )
beef / bif /
Meat from a cow is called beef and meat from a calf is called veal .
bee • hive / ' bihaiv /
a thing that bees live in
been / bin ; bin /
form of be
beep / bip /
to make a short high noise
beer Ф / bir /
[ noncount ] an alcoholic drink made from grain
[ count ] a glass, bottle, or can of beer
beet / bit /
a round dark red vegetable that you cook before you eat
bee • tle / ' biti /
an insect with hard wings and a shiny body
1 earlier than someone or something; earlier than the time that
said goodbye before I left.
in front of someone or something
—ANTONYM after
be .fore 2Ф / bi'for /
be • fore • hand / bi ' fэrhжnd /
at an earlier time than something
beg / beg /
to ask for money or food because you are very poor
to ask someone for something strongly, or with a lot of feeling
polite words that you say to mean "I am sorry" or "could you repeat that, please?"
beg • gar / ' begэr /
a person who asks other people for money or food
be .gin Ф/bigm/
has be . gun / bi ' gAn / )
to start to do something or start to happen
—SYNONYM start
to start in a particular way The name John begins with a "J."
—ANTONYM end
to begin with
at first; at the beginning
be • gin • ner / bi ' gimr /
a person who is starting to do or learn something
be .gin . ning Ф / bi'gmir) /
the time or place where something starts; the first part of something
be • gun
be • half AWL / bi 'haf /
on behalf of someone ; on someone's behalf
for someone; in the place of someone
be. have Ф / bi heiv /
to do and say things in a particular way
behave yourself to be good; to do and say the right
things
be • hav . ior Ф / bi'heivysr /
the way you are; the way that you do and say things
1 at or to the back of someone or something
drove off, and Jim followed behind.
slower or less good than someone or something; slower or less good than you should be
in the place where someone or something was before
responsible for causing or starting something
having a light brown color
beige
be • ing 1 / ' bi4 /
be • ing 2 / ' biig /
be . lief Ф /ьда/
a sure feeling that something is true or real
be • liev • a • ble / bi ' 1гуэЬ1 /
that you can believe —ANTONYM unbelievable
be .lieve Ф / bi 'liv /
to feel sure that something is true; to feel sure that what someone says is true
to think that something is true or possible, although you are not sure
believe in someone or something
to feel sure that someone or something exists
bell Ф / bel/
a metal thing that makes a sound when something hits or touches it
bel • ly / ' beli /
the part of your body between your chest and your legs —SYNONYM stomach
bel • ly but • ton / 'beli |bAtn /
the small hole in the middle of your stomach —SYNONYM navel
be . long Ф / bi'log /
( be longs , be . long . ing , be longed )
to be someone's
to be a member of a group or an organization
to have its right or usual place
be • long • ings / bi 'logigz/
the things that you own
be • lov • ed / bi ' lAvd ; bi ' lлvэd /
in or to a lower place than someone or something From the plane we could see the mountains below. He dove below the surface of the water.
—ANTONYM above
less than a number or price The temperature was below zero.
belt Ф / belt /
a long piece of cloth or leather that you wear around the middle of your body
bench / bentf /
(
a long seat for two or more people, usually made of wood
bend 1 Ф / bend /
( bends , bend ing , bent / bent / has bent )
1 to make something that was straight into a curved shape
bend down ; bend over to move your body forward and down
bend 2 / bend /
a part of a road or river that is not straight
—SYNONYM below , underneath —ANTONYM above
ben • e • fi • cial aw / |bens ' fifl /
having a good or useful effect
ben • e • fit 1 Ф awl / ' bensfit /
did it for your benefit (= to help you ) .
[ count, noncount ] ( politics , business ) money or other advantages that you get from your job, the government, or a company you belong to
ben • e • fit 2 AWL / ' bensfit /
to be good or helpful for someone
benefit from something to get something good or
useful from something
bent 1
not straight; curved
—ANTONYM straight
be • ret / bs 'rei /
a soft flat round hat
ber • ry / ' beri /
a small soft fruit with seeds in it
blueberries raspberries strawberries
berries
be .side Ф /bi'said/
at the side of someone or something
—SYNONYM next to
beside the point
not important or closely connected with the main thing you are talking about
as well as someone or something; also
best Ф /best/
better than all others
—ANTONYM worst
best 2 Ф / best /
1 in the most excellent way
work best in the morning.
more than all others Which picture do you like best?
—SYNONYM most —ANTONYM least
best зФ / best/
at best
to do all that you can
best man / |best ' mren/
best sell • er / |best ' selsr /
a book or other product that is bought by large numbers of people
bet / bet /
to risk money on a race or a game by saying what the result will be. If you are right, you win money
I am sure
be • tray / bi ' trei /
1 to harm your country or your friends by giving information to an enemy
2 to hurt someone who trusts you by doing something dishonest or harmful
of a higher standard or quality; not as bad as something else
( health ) less sick
in a more excellent or pleasant way; not as badly
should; ought to
see her most weekends but not very often in between . Which word?
Among or between?
We use among when we are talking about more than two people or things:
to and from two places
for or by two or more people or things
more than one thing but less than another thing
after one time and before the next time
a word that you use when you compare two people or things
bev • er • age / ' bevarid3 /
(
be • ware / bi ' wer /
to be careful because someone or something is dangerous
be • wil • dered / bi wildard /
If you are bewildered , you do not understand something or you do not know what to do
—SYNONYM confused
2 later than a particular time
bi • as AWL / 'baias /
a strong positive or negative feeling towards a person, a group, or an opinion that is not fair or not based on facts
bi • ased AWL / ' baiast / adjective a biased piece of writing —ANTONYM unbiased
bib / bib /
a piece of cloth or plastic that a baby wears under its chin when he or she is eating
the Bi • ble / ea 'baibl /
( religion ) the book of great religious importance to Christian and Jewish people
bib • li • cal / ' biblikl /
connected to the Bible
bib • li • og • ra • phy / |bibli ' agrafi /
[ count ] (
bi .cy .cle Ф / 'baisikl /
( also
Jlebars
saddle
hanc
bicycle
spoke
pedal
bid 1 / bid /
to offer some money because you want to buy something
to offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price
an offer of money for something that you want to buy
a formal offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price
an attempt to do or get something
big Ф / big /
not small; large Chicago is a big city.
great or important
older
the big bang / бэ ,big ъжц /
( physics ) the large explosion that some scientists believe created the universe
bike / baik /
a bicycle or a motorcycle
bi • ki • ni / bi 'kini /
a piece of clothing in two pieces that women wear for swimming
bi • lin • gual / ,bai 'liggw^l /
( english language arts ) able to speak two languages very well
having or using two languages
bill 1Ф/Ы/
a piece of paper that shows how much money you must pay for something
a piece of paper money
( politics ) a plan for a possible new law The bill was discussed in Congress.
the hard pointed or curved part of a bird's mouth
—SYNONYM beak
bill 2 / bil /
to send someone a bill for something
bill • board / ' bi^rd /
a large board on the outside of a building or near a road, where advertisements are put
bil . lion Ф / bilyon /
1,000,000,000
Be careful! When you use billion with a number, don't add an "s":
bin / bin /
a large container that is used for storing or holding things
bind / baind /
/ baund / has bound )
to tie string or rope around something to hold it firmly
binge / bind3 /
to eat or drink too much, especially when you cannot control yourself
bin • go / biggou /
[noncount]
a game where each player has a card with numbers on it, and the person who controls the game calls numbers out. If that person calls out the right numbers on your card, you win the game.
bin • oc • u • lars
/ bi ' nakyэlэrz /
special glasses that you use to see things that are far away
wing
bi • o • de • grad • a • ble / ,baioudi ' gre^bi /
( biology ) Biodegradable substances can go back into the earth and so do not damage the environment
bi • og • ra • phy / bai ' agrefi /
[count]
(
( english language arts ) the story of a person's life that another person writes
bi • o • log • i • cal / ,bara ' lad3ikl /
bi • ol • o • gy / bai ' abd3i /
[noncount]
the study of the life of animals and plants
a person who studies biology
bird Ф bird
/ bard /
nestbird of prey / ^rd эv ' prei /
birth © / Ьэг6 /
Pronunciation
The word birth sounds like earth .
the time when a baby comes out of its mother; being born
to have a baby
birth cer • tif • i • cate / 'ьэгн sэr|tIfэkэt /
an official document that shows when and where you were born, and who your parents are
birth con • trol /
ways of controlling the number of children you have
birth .day © / ' bэr9deI/
the day each year that is the same as the date when you were born
birth • place / ъэ^кк /
( history ) the house or area where a person was born, or
the place where something began
bis • cuit / ' b^t /
a type of soft, round bread. People often eat biscuits warm with butter.
bish • op / 'bijbp/
bi • son / ' baisn /
bit / bit /
think these strawberries need a little bit more sugar.
( computers ) the smallest unit of information that is stored in a computer's memory
a bit ; a little bit
a little; slightly You look a bit tired.
a short time or distance
bit by bit
slowly, or a little at a time
bite 1 © / bait /
( bites , bit ing , bit / bit / has bit • ten / bitn / )
to cut something with your teeth
If an insect or snake bites you, it hurts you by pushing a small sharp part into your skin
bite 2 / bait /
[ count ] a piece of food that you can put in your mouth
[ count ] ( health ) a painful place on your skin made by an insect or an animal
[ singular ] (
a small meal
angry and sad about something that has happened
Bitter food has a sharp, unpleasant taste
very cold
bit • ter • ness / ' bItэrnэs /
bi • Zarre / bi ' zar /
very strange
bi • zarre • ly / bi ' zarli / adverb bizarrely dressed teenagers
black © / blsek /
with the color of the sky at night
belonging to a race of people with dark skin Martin Luther King Jr. was a famous black leader.
—SYNONYM African-American
(used about coffee) without milk
black 2 / blak /
[ noncount ] the color of the sky at night
blacks [ plural ] people who belong to a race of people with dark skin
—SYNONYM African American black and white
with the colors black, white, and gray only
black • ber • ry / ' blak|beri /
a small, soft, black fruit that grows on a bush
black • bird / ' bla^rd /
a bird with black feathers
black • board / ' blakbrd /
( also chalk • board / ' tfokbord / )
black eye / blrek ' ai /
a dark area of skin around a person's eye where someone or something has hit them
black • mail / ' blrekmeil /
saying that you will tell something bad about someone if they do not give you money or do something for you
black • mail
( black . mails , black mail . ing , black mailed )
black • out / ' blrekaut /
a time when there is no light because the electricity is not working
( health ) a period when you are unconscious for a short time
black • smith / blreksmie /
a person whose job is to make and repair things made of iron
blad • der / ' blredsr /
( biology ) the part of your body where waste liquid (called urine ) collects before leaving your body
blade / bleid /
the flat sharp part of something such as a knife or a tool — Look
a single flat leaf of grass
blame О / bleim /
to say that a certain person or thing made something bad happen
blame
bland / blrend /
1 ordinary and not very interesting
find her songs kind of bland.
Bland food does not have a strong taste
with no writing, pictures, or anything else on it
without feelings, understanding, or interest
blank • ly / 'ЫжцкИ / adverb to stare at someone blankly
blank 2 / Ыжцк /
an empty space on a document, where you can write an
answer or some information
blan • ket / ' bi®gkst /
a thick cover that you put on a bed
blare / bler /
blast 1 / blrest /
when a bomb explodes
a sudden movement of air
a sudden loud noise
blast 2 / blrest /
blast • off / 'blrestof/
the time when a spacecraft (= a vehicle that travels into space ) leaves the ground
bla • tant / bleitnt /
very clear or obvious
blaze 1 / bleiz /
[ count ] a large and often dangerous fire
[ singular ] a very bright show of light or color
blaze 2 / bleiz /
to burn in a strong and bright way
blaz • er / ' bleizsr /
bleach 1 / blitf/
a strong chemical substance used for making clothes whiter
or for cleaning things
bleach 2 / blitj /
( bleach . es , bleach . ing , bleached )
to become or to make something white or lighter in color by using a chemical or by leaving it in the sun
bleach • ers / 'blitjsrz /
( sports ) lines of long seats where people sit to watch sports games, etc.
bleak / blik /
A bleak situation is not hopeful or encouraging
cold and gray
bleed / blid /
( bleeds , bleed ing , bled / bled / has bled )
blem • ish / ' blemif /
blend / blend /
to mix
to look or sound good together
blend
blend • er / 'blendsr /
an electric machine that is used for mixing soft food or liquid
bless / bles /
( religion ) to ask for God's help for someone or something
words that you say to someone when they sneeze (= make a loud noise through their nose )
bless • ing / ' blesig /
[count]
something that is good or that helps you
If you have someone's blessing , they agree with what you are doing and will support you
( religion ) God's help and protection, or a prayer asking for this
blew
blimp / blimp /
a big thing that is filled with gas so it can float. It is made of soft material and looks like a long round balloon
blind 1 / blaind /
blind • ness / ' blaindnss /
blind 2 / blaind /
to make someone unable to see
blind 3 / blaind /
blind • fold / blaindfould /
a piece of cloth that you put over someone's eyes so that they cannot see
a piece of cloth or other material that you pull down to cover a window
blind • fold
( blind . folds , blind . fold ing , blind . fold ed )
blink / blnjk /
to shut and open your eyes very quickly
(used about a light) to come on and go off again quickly
blink
bliss / blis /
perfect happiness
bliss • ful / ' blisfl /
blis • ter / 'blistsr /
( health ) a small painful place on your skin that is full of liquid. Rubbing or burning can cause blisters
bliz • zard / 'blizsrd /
a very bad storm with snow and strong winds —SYNONYM snowstorm
bloat • ed / ' bloutsd /
If you feel bloated , your stomach feels uncomfortable because it is too full
blob / blab /
block 1 © / blak /
a big heavy piece of something, with flat sides
a group of buildings with streets all around it We drove around the block looking for the hotel. My house is two blocks from here.
a thing that stops someone or something from moving forward
a number of similar things that form a group We booked a block of seats for the baseball game.
block 2 / blak /
to stop someone or something from moving forward
to stop someone from seeing something Can you sit down? You're blocking my view .
block • age / шыз /
a thing that is preventing something from passing
blog / blag /
a personal record that someone puts on their website saying what they do every day and what they think about things
blog • ger / ' blagsr /
a person who writes a blog
blond / bland / ( also blonde )
blonde
blood Ф / blAd /
blood pres • sure / ' biAd prejbr /
[noncount]
( health , biology ) the force with which blood moves
around the body
blood • shed / blAdfed /
[noncount]
the killing of people, especially during a war
blood • stream / blAdstrim /
( biology ) the blood as it flows through the body
blood • thirst • y / ' blAd^rsti /
wanting to hurt and kill people
blood ves • sel / ' blAd ,vesl /
( biology ) one of the tubes in your body that blood flows through
blood • y / blAdi /
with a lot of killing
covered with blood
bloom 1 / blum /
bloom 2 / blum /
with its flowers open
blos • som / ' ЬЫэш /
( blos . soms , blos . som . ing , blos . somed )
blouse / blaus /
a piece of clothing like a shirt that a woman or girl wears on the top part of her body
( blows, blow . ing , blew / blu / has blown / bloun / ) Pronunciation
The word blow sounds like go .
When air or wind blows , it moves The wind was blowing from the ocean.
to move something through the air
to send air out from your mouth
( music ) to send air out from your mouth into a musical instrument, for example, to make a noise
blow up ; blow something up
to explode or make something explode, for example with a bomb
to fill something with air
to clear your nose by blowing strongly through it onto a piece of cloth or paper (called a handkerchief or tissue )
blow 2 Ф / blou /
a hard hit from someone's hand or a weapon
something that happens suddenly and that makes you very unhappy
to dry someone's hair using a small machine that blows out hot air (a hair dryer )
blue 1Ф / blu/
having the color of a clear sky when the sun shines
( informal ) sad
blue 2Ф / blu/
blue • ber • ry / 'blu,beri /
a small, round, dark blue fruit that grows on a bush
( business ) connected with people who do physical work with their hands rather than office work
blues / bluz /
( music ) a type of slow, sad music with a strong rhythm, developed by African-American musicians in the Southern U.S.
bluff / blAf /
to try to make people believe something is true when it is not
blunt / blAnt /
with an edge or point that is not sharp He only had a blunt knife to cut the rope.
—ANTONYM sharp
If you are blunt , you say what you think in a way that is not polite.
blur • ry / ' bbri /
not clear
blurt / bbrt /
blurt something out to say something suddenly or without thinking
blush / Ыл/ /
If you blush , your face suddenly becomes red, for example
because you are embarrassed
Blvd.
boar / bar / ( also wild boar )
a wild pig
board 1 Ф / bord /
1 [ count ] a long, thin, flat piece of wood
nailed a board across the broken window. floorboards
[ count ] a flat piece of wood, for example, that you use for a special purpose
[ count ] ( business ) a group of people who have a special job, for example controlling a company
[ noncount ] the meals that are provided when you live at a college or stay at a hotel, etc.
on board
on a ship or an airplane
board 2 / bord /
to get on a ship, bus, train, or airplane
passengers to get on )
board • ing pass / 'bordig pas /
a card that you must show when you get on an airplane or a ship
board • ing school / ' bordig skul / [count]
a school where the students live
boast / boust /
to talk in a way that shows you are too proud of something
that you have or something that you can do
► boast • ful / ' boustfl /
boat © / bout /
bob / bab /
to move quickly up and down
bod . у © / 'badi /
[ count ] the whole physical form of a person or an animal
[ count ] all of a person or animal except the legs, arms, and head
body
internal organs the body
(T) brain (4) vein (7) liver (io] head ©arm © stomach
® Ihroat © heart © aomjeh © reel ® dbm © hip ® ane.-j' © lung @ intestines © shoultter © chest
[ count ] a dead person
[ singular ] the main part of something
bod • y • build • ing / ' badibiidig /
[noncount]
( sports ) making the muscles of your body bigger and stronger by doing exercise
► bod • y • build • er / ' badi|bIldэr /
a person who does bodybuilding
bod • y • guard / ' badigard /
a person or group of people whose job is to keep an
important person safe
pretending to be real or true
boil О / boil /
( general science ) When a liquid boils , it becomes very hot and makes steam and bubbles
to heat a liquid until it boils
to cook something in extremely hot water
Thesaurus
boil over to boil and flow over the sides of a pan
boil • er / ' boilar /
a big metal container that heats water for a building
boil • ing / ' boilig / ( also boil . ing hot )
very hot
Thesaurus
boil • ing point / ' boilig |point /
( general science ) the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil
bois • ter • ous / boistaras /
noisy and full of energy
bold / bould /
1 brave and not afraid
2 that you can see clearly
bold • ly / ' bouldli / adverb He boldly said that he disagreed.
bo • lo • gna ( also ba . lo . ney ) / ba ' louni /
a meat that people often eat for lunch, made from different types of cooked meats:
bolt / boult /
a thick metal pin that you use with another piece of metal (called a nut ) to fasten things together
a piece of metal that you move across a door to lock it
a sudden bright light in the sky during a storm
bolt
to lock a door by putting a bolt across it
bolts
bomb 1 w / bam /
bomb 2 4?/ bam /
to attack people or a place with bombs
bomb • er / ' bamar /
a type of airplane that drops bombs
a person who makes a bomb explode somewhere
bond aw Д / band /
something that joins people or groups of people together
bone О / boun /
one of the hard white parts inside the body of a person or an animal
bon • fire / ban|faiar /
bon • net / banat /
a soft hat that you tie under your chin bo • nus / bounas /
( business ) an extra payment that is added to what you usually get
something good that you get in addition to what you expected
bon • y / ' bouni
very thin, so that you can see the shape of the bones
a word people use to show that they do not like someone or something
a sound that you make to frighten or surprise someone
book 1Ф / buk/
a thing that you read or write in, which has a lot of pieces of paper joined together inside a cover
book 2 / buk /
to arrange to do or have something later, for example a seat
on an airplane or a room at a hotel
book • case / ' buk|keis /
a piece of furniture that you put books in
book • let / ' buklst /
a small thin book that gives information about something
book • store / ' bukstor /
a store that sells books
boom 1 /bum /
a loud deep sound
( business ) a period in which something increases or develops very quickly
boom 2 / bum /
to make a loud deep sound
boost / bust /
to make something increase in number, value, or strength
boot Ф / but /
a shoe that covers your foot and usually part of your leg
booth / bue /
/ bues ; budz/ )
a small room or space that is separated from the rest of the area
bor .der Ф / 'bordor /
( geography ) a line between two countries or states
a line along the edge of something a white tablecloth with a blue border
bore 1
bore 2 / bor /
to make someone feel bored, especially by talking too much
to make a thin round hole in something
bore 3 / bor /
a person who talks a lot in a way that is not interesting
not interested; unhappy because you have nothing
interesting to do
The person or thing that makes you feel like this is boring :
not interesting
borne
bor • ough / ' bsrou /
( geography ) a town or an part of a city that has its own local government
bor . row Фу 'barou ; Ъэгои /
to take and use something that you will give back after a short time
If you borrow something, you have it for a short time and you must give it back:
If you lend something, you give it to someone for a short time:
boss 1 Ф / bos /
[ count ] (
a person who is in charge of other people at work and tells them what to do
boss 2 / bos/
to tell someone what to do, in a way that bothers them
boss • y / ' bэsi /
A bossy person likes to tell other people what to do
bot • a • ny / ' batnn /
( biology ) the scientific study of plants ► bot • a • nist / ' batn^ist /
a person who studies plants
bOth .еГ Ф / Ъабэг /
to disturb someone or make them angry, worried, or upset
to spend extra time or energy doing something Don't bother with the dishes — I'll do them later. He didn't even bother to say goodbye.
bOt .tie Ф / 'batl/
bOt . tOITI 1 Ф / 'butom /
[ count , usually singular ] the lowest part of something
—ANTONYM top
[ count ] the flat surface on the outside of an object, on which it stands
[ singular ] the lowest position compared to other people or groups
the part of your body that you sit on
bOt . tOITI 2 Ф / 'Ixitom /
lowest
bought
boul • der / ^Мэг /
a very big rock
boul • e • vard / ' bubvard /
a wide street in a town or city The short way of writing "Boulevard" in street names is Blvd.
bounce / bauns /
(used about a ball) to move away quickly after hitting something hard; to make a ball do this
to jump up and down many times
bounc • er / ' baunsэr /
a person whose job is to control who goes in to a bar or club, and to make people leave if they are causing trouble
bounc • y / ' baunsi /
( bounc i .er , bounc . i est )
that bounces well or that can make things bounce
bound 1
sure to do something
having a legal or moral duty to do something She is not legally bound to pay for the damage.
going to a place
bound 3 / baund /
to run with long steps
bound • a • ry / ' baundэri/
bou • quet / bou ' kei ; bu' kei /
a group of flowers that is arranged in an attractive way
bou • tique / bu ' tik /
( business ) a small store that sells expensive clothes, gifts, etc.
bow 1 / bau /
The verb and noun bow 1 and bow 2 sound like now .
to bend your head or body forward to show respect
bow 2 / bau /
an act of bowing
the front end of a ship or boat
bow 3/bou/
Pronunciation
With these meanings, the word bow sounds like go .
a knot with two loose round parts and two loose ends that you use when you are tying shoes, etc.
a curved piece of wood with a tight string between the two ends. You use a bow to send arrows through the air.
( music ) a long thin piece of wood with hair stretched across it that you use for playing some musical instruments
violin
arrow
bows
bow • el / 'baual /
( biology ) one of the tubes that takes waste food away from your stomach to the place where it leaves your body
bowl 1 Ф / boul /
bowl 2 / boul /
( sports ) to roll the ball in a game of bowling
bowl .ing
/ boulig /
( sports ) a game in which you roll a heavy ball down a special track toward a group of wooden objects shaped like bottles ( called pins ) and try to knock them all down
bow tie / ' bou tai /
a tie in the shape of a bow 3 ( 1 ) that some men wear on formal occasions
box / baks /
a container with straight sides. A box often has a lid
a square or similar shape on a piece of paper for people to write information in
box 2 / baks /
box • er / ' baksar /
box • er shorts / baksar | /orts /
( also box . ers / baksarz / )
box • ing / ' baksig /
( sports ) the sport of fighting with your hands, while wearing thick gloves
box of • fice / ' baks |ofas /
a place where you buy tickets in a theater, etc.
boy • cott / ' boikat /
( business , politics ) to refuse to buy, use, or take part in
something as a way of making a protest
► boy • cott
boy .friend
a boy or man who someone has a romantic relationship with
the Boy Scouts / 6a 'boi skauts /
[ singular ]
a special club for boys, which does a lot of activities with them and teaches them useful skills ►Boy Scout
a boy who is a member of the Boy Scouts
bra / bra /
brace • let / breislat /
a pretty piece of metal, wood, or plastic that you wear around your arm
brac • es / breisaz /
( health ) wires that children wear on their teeth to make
them grow straight
brack • et / brrekat /
( english language arts ) one of the two marks, [ ], that you put around extra information in a text
a particular range of ages, prices, pay, etc.
brag / brreg /
to talk in a way that shows you are too proud of something that you have or something that you can do
—SYNONYM boast
braid / breid /
a long piece of hair that someone has divided into three parts and put over and under each other
► braid
Braille / breil /
a system of printing using little round marks that you can read by touching them. It is used by people who are not able to see ( blind people).
brain Ф / brein /
[ count ] the part inside the head of a person or an animal that thinks and feels
[ count, noncount ] the ability to think clearly; being intelligent
brain • storm / breinstorm /
to try to think of as many ideas as possible in a short time
brain • wash / ' breinwaj ; ' breinwoj /
to make someone believe something by using strong mental pressure
brain • y / breini /
(
brake 1 / breik /
the part of a vehicle that you use to make it go slower or stop
brake 2 / breik /
bran / bran /
the brown covering of grain that is left when the grain is made into flour
branch 1 Ф / braentj/
( biology ) one of the parts of a tree that grow out from the thick main part (called the trunk )
( business ) an office or a store that is part of a big company
one part of an academic subject or area of study
branch 2 / brant/ /
brand / brand /
( business ) the name of a product that a particular company makes
bran • dish / ' brandij / ( bran • dish • es , bran • dish • ing , bran dished )
to wave something in the air in a violent or excited way
brand new / |brand ' nu /
bran • dy / ' brandi /
a strong alcoholic drink made from wine
brash / bra/ /
too confident and direct
brass / bras /
a hard yellow metal
the group of musical instruments that are made of brass
Word building An orchestra is made up of four sections. The strings section includes violins and cellos. The woodwind section includes clarinets and flutes. The brass section includes trumpets and trombones. The percussion section includes drums and cymbals.
brat / brat /
brave Ф / breiv /
ready to do dangerous or difficult things without fear
brave • ly / ' breivli / adverb He fought bravely in the war.
brav • er • y / ' Ьгсгуэй /
bread Ф / bred / bread
a loaf of bread
breadth / bred9 /
how far it is from one side of something to the other
—SYNONYM width —The adjective is broad .
break 1 Ф / breik /
( breaks , break • ing , broke / brouk / has bro • ken
/ brouksn / )
to make something go into smaller pieces, for example by dropping it or hitting it
to go into smaller pieces, for example by falling or hitting
to stop working; to damage a machine so that it stops working
to do something that is against the law or against what has been agreed or promised
to stop doing something for a short time
If a machine or car breaks down , it stops working We were late because our car broke down.
If a person breaks down , they start to cry He broke down when he heard the news.
break in ; break into something to go into a place by breaking a door or window so that you can steal something
break off to take away a piece of something by breaking it
break out
to start suddenly
to get free from a place like a prison
crack (used about something hard) to break so that a line appears, but without dividing into smaller pieces; to break something in this way:
snap to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break something in this way:
break 2 / breik /
1 a place where something opens or has broken
a short time when you stop doing something
an opportunity to do something; a chance to be successful
give someone a break
to stop bothering someone or being unfair to them
break • down / breikdaun /
a time when a machine, car, etc. stops working
the failure or end of something
break .fast Ф / brekfsst /
[ count, noncount ]
break -in / ' breik |in/
the act of entering a building by force, especially to steal something
break • through / breikeru /
something important that you discover or develop
break • up / ' breikvp /
the end of a relationship between two people
breast / brest /
Pronunciation
The word breast sounds like test .
one of the two soft round parts of a woman's body that can give milk
the front part of a bird's body
breast • stroke / breststrouk ; brestrouk /
( sports ) a way of swimming on your front in which you push both arms forward and then pull them back to your sides in a circle
breath Ф / bree /
the air that you take in and let out through your nose and mouth
hold your breath
to stop breathing for a short time
out of breath
breathing very quickly
If you say something under your breath , you say it quietly because you do not want people to hear
breathe Ф / brid /
( breathes, breath • ing, breathed )
breath • less / ' bre6bs /
( health ) breathing quickly or with difficulty
breath • tak • ing / ' bree,teikig /
very beautiful, surprising, or exciting
breed 1 / brid /
( breeds , breed ing , bred / bred / has bred )
( biology ) When animals breed , they produce young animals
to keep animals so that they will produce baby animals
breed 2 / brid /
breeze / briz /
a light wind
Thesaurus
brew • er • y / ' brrnri /
a place where beer is made
bribe / braib /
money or a gift that you give to someone to make them do something for you, especially something dishonest ► bribe
brib • er • y / ' ЬгаЛэй /
brick Ф / brik /
brick • lay • er / ' brik,lerar /
a person whose job is to build things with bricks
connected with a bride or a wedding
bride / braid /
a woman on the day of her wedding
bride • groom / 'braidgrum /
a man on the day of his wedding —SYNONYM groom
brides • maid / braidzmeid /
[count]
a girl or woman who helps a bride at her wedding
bridge Ф / brid3 /
a thing that is built over a road, railroad, or river so that people, trains, or cars can cross it
brief Ф E Ц / brif /
in a few words
brief • ly AWL / ' brifli / adverb He had spoken to Emma only briefly.
brief • case / ' brifkeis /
brief • ing AWL / ' brifig /
instructions or information that someone is given before something happens
bright
with a lot of light
with a strong color a bright yellow shirt
intelligent; able to learn things quickly
bright • ly / ' braitli / adverb brightly colored clothes
bright • ness / ' braitms /
bright • en / braitn /
bril • liant / brilyant /
with a lot of light; very bright
extremely intelligent
Thesaurus
bril • liance / 'brilyans / noun [ noncount ] the brilliance of the light
bril • liant • ly / 'brilyantli /
brim / brim /
the edge around the top of something like a cup, bowl, or glass
the wide part around the bottom of a hat
bring Ф / brig /
( brings , bring . ing , brought / brot / has brought )
to take something or someone with you to a place
to make something happen Money doesn't always bring happiness.
bring something about to cause something to happen
brought back the book you lent me.
to make you remember something
bring something on to cause something
brisk / brisk /
quick and using a lot of energy
bris • tle / 'brisl /
a short thick hair like the hair on a brush
Something that is brittle is hard but breaks easily
broad / brod /
1 large from one side to the other
—SYNONYM wide
2 including many different people or things
—ANTONYM narrow The noun is breadth .
broad • band / ' brodbrend /
( computers ) a way of connecting a computer to the Internet, which lets you send and receive a lot of information quickly
broad • cast / brodkrest /
to send out sound or pictures by radio or television
broad • cast
broad • cast • er / ' brodkrestar /
a person whose job is to talk on radio or television
broad • ly / ' brodli /
with a big, wide smile
generally
broc • co • li / 'brakali /
a vegetable with green or purple flowers that you eat
bro•chure / brou 'Jur /
broil / broil /
to cook something under or over direct heat
Thesaurus
broil • er / ' broibr /
a part of an oven that cooks food with heat from above
broke 1
having no money
bro•ken 1
bro .ken 2Ф / Ъгоикэп/
in pieces or not working
bronze / branz /
a dark red-brown metal
brook / bruk /
( geography ) a very small river
broom / brum /
a brush with a long handle that you use for cleaning the floor
broth / bro9 /
broth .er Ф / Ъглбэг/
broth • er-in-law / ' Ьгл6эг in lo /
[ count ] (
1 the brother of your wife or husband 2 the husband of your sister
showing feelings of kindness and love, like a brother would show
brought
brow / brau /
the part of your face above your eyes —SYNONYM forehead
brown О / braun /
brown noun [ count, noncount ] You look good in brown.
browse / brauz /
1 to spend time looking through a store or book without a clear idea of what you are looking for
browsed through the catalog but didn't see anything I wanted to buy.
( computers ) to look for and read information on a computer
brows • er / ' Ьгошэг /
( computers ) a program that lets you look at pages on the Internet
bruise / bruz /
a dark mark on your skin that comes after something hits it
bruise
brunch / bmntj/
a late morning meal that you eat instead of breakfast and lunch
bru • nette / |bru ' net /
a woman with dark brown hair
brunt / bmnt /
bear, take, etc. the brunt of something
to suffer the main force or the worst part of something
brush 1 Ф / ЬглГ/
a thing that you use for cleaning, painting, or making your hair neat
brushes
/
hairbrush toothbrush paintbrushes
brUSh 2 Ф / ЬглГ/
Brus • sels sprout / ' b^sl |spraut /
( also brus • sels sprout )
[count]
a very small round green vegetable consisting of a tight ball of leaves
bru • tal / ' brutl /
bru • tal • i • ty / bru ' trelsti /
very cruel and violent behavior
B.S. / |bi es /
the degree that you receive when you complete a program of study at a college or university in a science subject. B.S. is short for "Bachelor of Science."
— Look
bub.ble l Ф / ЪлЫ /
a small ball of air or gas inside a liquid
bub • ble 2 / ' bAbl /
buck / b\k /
spent ten bucks on lunch.
a male deer (= a wild animal that eats grass )
buck .et / ълы/ noun bucket
[count]
a round metal or plastic container with a handle. You use a bucket for carrying water, for example.
buck • le / ' b\kl /
a metal or plastic thing on the end of a belt or on a shoe that you use for fastening it
bud / bAd /
a leaf or flower before it opens
Bud • dhism / budizsm ; budizsm /
( religion ) the religion that is based on the teaching of Buddha
Bud • dhist / budist ; budist /
bud • dy / ' bAdi /
a male friend
budge / bAd3 /
(budg • es,budg • ing ,budged)
to move a little or to make something move a little
budg • et / 'bAd3st /
[ count, noncount ]
a plan of how much money you will have and how you will spend it
( budg • ets , budg • et • ing , budg • et • ed )
buf • fa • lo
/ bAfslou /
a large wild animal that looks like a cow with a large head, curved horns, and thick fur on its head and neck
buf . fet / bs'fei; bu'fei /
a meal when all the food is on a big table and you take what you want
bug 1 / bAg /
a small insect
( health ) an illness that is not serious
( computers ) a fault in a machine, especially a computer system or program
bug 2 / bAg /
to bother or worry someone
build Ф / bild /
build • er / bildsr /
a person or company that builds things, especially houses and buildings
build .ing Ф / ь.и.п/ noun
[ count ] a structure with a roof and walls. Houses, schools, churches, and stores are all buildings
[ noncount ] the process or business of making buildings
built
bulb / bAlb /
( also light bulb ) the glass part of an electric lamp that gives light
Look at the picture at lamp .
( biology ) a round thing that some plants grow from
Look at the picture at plant .
bulge / bAid3 /
( bulg . es , bulg . ing , bulged )
to go out in a round shape from something that is usually flat
bulk AWl| / bAlk /
[ singular ] the main part of something; most of something
[ noncount ] the large size, weight, or amount of something
in bulk
in large quantities
bulk • y AWL / ' bAlki /
big, heavy, and difficult to carry
bull / bul /
the male of the cow and of some other animals
bull .doz .er
/ ' buldouzэr /
a big heavy machine that moves earth and makes land flat
bul . let Ф / 'bubt/ noun
[count]
a small piece of metal that comes out of a gun
bul • le • tin / ' bubtn /
[ count ]
a short newspaper that a club or an organization publishes
bul • le • tin board / ' bubtn bord / [count]
a board on a wall for information
bul • let • proof / ' bubtpruf /
made of a strong material that stops bullets from passing through it
bull's-eye / ' bulz ai /
( sports ) the center of a round object (called a target ) that you try to hit when you are shooting or throwing things in certain sports
bul • ly / 'buli /
bum / bAm /
a person who is very lazy or who does no work
bump 1 / bAmp /
to hit someone or something when you are moving
to hit a part of your body against something hard
bump into someone to meet someone by chance
bump 2 / bAmp /
the action or sound of something hitting a hard surface
a round raised area on your body where you have hit it
a small part on something flat that is higher than the rest
bump • er / ' bAmpэr /
a bar on the front and back of a car which helps to protect the car if it hits something
bump • y / bAmpi /
—ANTONYM smooth
bun / bAn /
a small round piece of bread
bunch / bAntf /
a group of things that grow together or that you tie or hold together
a bunch of ... ; a whole bunch of ...
bun • dle / 'bAndl /
a group of things that you tie or wrap together
bunk / bAgk /
a narrow bed that is attached to a wall, for example on a ship or train
( also bunk bed ) one of a pair of beds built one on top of the other
bun • ny / ' bAni /
a child's word for rabbit (= a small animal with long ears )buoy / 'bui ; boi /
bur • den / ' Ьэ^п /
something that you have to do that worries you, or that causes difficulty or hard work
bu • reau / ' byurou /
( politics ) a government department the Federal Bureau of Investigation
( business ) an organization or a company that provides information
bu • reauc • ra • cy / byu ' rakresi /
[noncount]
the system of official rules and processes that a government or an organization has, which people often think is too complicated
► bu • reau • crat • ic / |byure ' kratik /
burg • er / ' Ьэ^эг /
meat that is cut into very small pieces and made into a flat round shape, which you eat between two pieces of bread
—SYNONYM hamburger
bur • glar / ' Ьэ^ьг /
a person who goes into a building to steal things
bur • glar • ize / ъэ^ьгак /
( bur • glar • iz • es, bur • glar • iz • ing, bur • glar • ized )
to go into a building illegally, usually using force, and steal from it
bur • gla • ry / ' ьэ^ьн /
[count, noncount] (
the crime of going into a house to steal things
bur • i • al / ' beriэl /
the time when a dead body is put in the ground The verb is bury .
bur • ied, bur • ies
burn 1 W / barn /
to make flames and heat; to be on fire
to harm or destroy someone or something with fire or heat
to feel very hot and painful
hurt is a general word meaning to feel pain, or to make someone or something else feel pain:
burn 2 / Ьэгп/
( health ) a place on your body where fire or heat has hurt it
burp / Ьэф /
to make a noise from your mouth when air suddenly comes up from your stomach
burp noun [ count ] I heard a loud burp.
bur • row / ' Ьэгсю /
a hole or tunnel in the ground made by some animals for them to live in. Rabbits (= small animals with long ears ) live in burrows .
bur • row
burst 1 Ф / borst /
crack (used about something hard) to break so that a line appears, but without dividing into smaller pieces; to break something in this way:
snap to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break something in this way:
burst into something
to start doing something suddenly
burst out laughing
to suddenly start to laugh
burst 2 / barst /
something that happens suddenly and quickly
( bur . ies , bur . y ing , bur ied , has bur . ied )
Pronunciation
The word bury sounds like very .
to put a dead body in the ground
to put something in the ground or under something
bus Ф / Ьлэ/
a large vehicle that carries a lot of people along the road and stops often so they can get on and off
bush Ф / buj /
a plant like a small tree with a lot of branches
bush • el / ' bujl/
a unit for measuring grain and fruit, equal to 64 pints or 35.2 liters
busi. ness Ф / biznos / noun
(
1 [ noncount ] buying and selling things
want to go into business when I leave school. Business is not very good this year.
[ noncount ] the work that you do as your job The manager will be away on business next week. a business trip
[ count ] a place where people sell or make things, for example a store or factory
it's none of your business ; mind your own business
words that you use to tell someone rudely that you do not
want to tell them about something private
(
busi • ness • wom • an / 'biznas|wuman /
(
bus sta • tion / b\s |stei/n /
a building where buses start and end their trips
bus stop / ' bAs stap /
a place where buses stop and people get on and off —SYNONYM stop
If a company or business goes bust , it has to close because it has lost too much money.
bust 2 / bAst /
( art ) a model of a person's head, shoulders, and chest
a woman's chest or the measurement around her chest
bus •У Ф/ bizi/
with a lot of things that you must do; working or not free
with a lot of things happening
(used about a telephone) being used The line is busy — I'll try again later.
bus • i • ly / ' bizali / adverb He was busily writing a letter.
except
a person or store that sells meat
butt / bAt /
(
a short piece of a cigarette that is left after it has been smoked
but .ter Ф / 'bAter/
[noncount]
a soft yellow food that is made from milk. You put it on
bread or use it in cooking
but • ter
to put butter on bread
but • ter • fly / ' bAtsrflai /
an insect with big wings that usually have bright colors
butterfly
chrysalis
but .ter .scotch /'bAterskatr/ noun
[ noncount ]
a type of brown candy made by boiling butter and brown sugar together
but • tock / ' bAt.sk /
[count]
one of the two parts of your body that you sit on
but .ton Ф / ЪлШ/
a small round thing on clothes that holds them together. You push it through a small hole (called a buttonhole ).
a small thing on a machine that you push
a small piece of plastic or metal with a picture or words on the front and a pin on the back, which you wear on your clothes
( buys, buy • ing, bought / bot / has bought ) Pronunciation
The word buy sounds like my .
—ANTONYM sell
buy • er / ' baisr /
buzz / bAz /
to make the sound that an insect such as a bee (= a black and yellow insect ) makes when it flies
buzz noun [ count ] ( plural buzz • es ) the buzz of insects
buz • zard / ' bAzsrd /
a large bird that eats dead animals
buzz • er / ' bAzsr /
very near
—SYNONYM beside
from one side of someone or something to the other
—SYNONYM past
not later than
using or doing something
a word that shows who or what did something
as a result of something
used for showing the measurements of an area
past
Ьуе Ф / bai / ( also bye-bye / 'baibai ; ,bai'bai / )
goodbye
by • stand • er / bai|strendsr /
[count]
a person who is near something when it happens but is not involved
byte / bait /
( computers ) a unit of information in a computer — Look
Cc
C, c / si /
the third letter of the English alphabet
C ( general science )
C a grade that is given to a student for average work. A C is lower than a B
cab / kreb /
another word for taxi
the part of a truck, train, or bus where the driver sits
cab • bage / ' krebid3 /
[ count, noncount ]
a large round vegetable with thick green or white leaves
cab • in / ' 1жЬэп /
[count]
a small simple house made of wood a log cabin at the edge of the lake
the part of an airplane where people sit
a small bedroom on a ship
cab . i.net Ф / 'k-acbnot/ noun
[count]
a piece of furniture that you can keep things in
( also Cab . i . net ) ( politics ) a group of the most important people in the government
Word building The U.S. Government The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
ca • ble / ' keibl /
[ count, noncount ] a set of wires that carry electricity
( also ca . ble tel . e . vi . sion / ,keibl ' tebvrjn /
► ca . ble TV / ,keibl ,ti' vi / ) [ noncount ] a way of sending television programs along wires in the ground
[ count ] a strong, thick, metal rope
cac .tus
ca • fe ( also ca . fe ) / kref ei /
/ ' kretes /
caf • e • te • ri • a / ,k®fa ' ьлэ /
[ count ]
a restaurant where you choose and pay for your meal and then carry it to a table. Places like factories, schools, and hospitals often have cafeterias .
caf • feine / kre ' fin /
[noncount]
the substance in coffee and tea that makes you feel more active and awake
cage / keid3 /
[count]
a place with bars around it where animals or birds are kept so that they cannot escape
cake Ф / keik /
[ count, noncount ]
a sweet food that you make from flour, eggs, sugar, and
butter and bake in the oven
a piece of cake
something that is very easy to do
cal • ci • um / ' kre^m /
( chemistry ) a chemical substance that is found in foods such as milk and cheese. It helps to make bones and teeth strong.
cal .cu .late Ф /'k-^ikyoicit/ verb
( cal . cu lates , cal . cu . lat . ing , cal . cu . lat . ed )
( math ) to find an amount or a number by using mathematics
cal • cu • la • tion / ^геШуэ ' leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
( math ) finding an answer by using mathematics
cal .cu .la .tor
/ ' ^^уэ
( math ) a small electronic instrument that you use for calculating numbers
cal • en • dar / ' мэ^эг /
a list of the days, weeks, and months of one year
calf / kref /
a young cow
the back of your leg, below your knee
Call 1 Ф / kol/
1 to speak loudly and clearly so that someone who is far
away can hear you
to contact someone by telephone
to give a name to someone or something
to ask someone to come
be called
to have as a name
call someone back to contact someone by telephone again
to make a telephone call that the person who receives the call will pay for
call something off to say that a planned activity or event will not happen
[ count ]
a loud sound or shout
an act of using the telephone or a conversation on the telephone
a short visit to someone
a request or demand for something
call • er / ' kobr /
[count]
a person who is making a telephone call to someone
calm 1 / kam /
quiet, and not excited or afraid Try to stay calm — there's no danger.
without big waves
without much wind
calm 2 / kam /
calm down to become less afraid or excited; to make
someone less afraid or excited
cal • o • rie / ' kabri /
a unit for measuring the energy value of food. Food that has a lot of calories in it can make you fat
calves
cam • cord • er / ' kamko^r /
a camera that you can carry around and use for recording moving pictures and sound
came
cam • el / ' kami
/
a large animal with one or two round parts ( called humps ) on its back. Camels carry people and things in hot dry places.
cam .er.а Ф / 'kaemre/
a thing that you use for taking photographs or moving pictures
cam • er • a • man / ' kamreman /
[ count ] (
cam • ou • flage / 'kamэflaз /
materials or colors that soldiers use to make themselves and their equipment less easy to see
the way an animal's color or shape makes it difficult to
see
cam • ou • flage
Camp 1Ф / kaemp/
a place where people live in a kind of small house made of cloth (called a tent ) for a short time
a place where children go during school vacations to do special activities
camp 2Ф/kaemp/
to live in a kind of small house made of cloth (called a tent ) for a short time
camp • ing / ' kampig /
cam • paign 1 / kam' pein /
a plan to do a number of things in order to get a special result
cam • paign 2 / kam' pein /
cam paign ing , cam • paigned )
to take part in planned activities in order to get a special result
camp • ing / ' kampig /
sleeping or spending a vacation in a kind of small house made of heavy cloth (called a tent )
camp • site / ' krempsait /
a place where you can camp
cam • pus / ' krempas /
the area where the buildings of a college are
СЭ П 1 Ф / кэп; kaen /
The negative form of can is cannot or can't :
to be able to do something; to be strong enough, intelligent enough, etc. to do something
to be possible or likely to happen
a word that you use with verbs like "see," "hear," "smell," and "taste"
to be allowed to do something
a word that you use when you ask someone to do something
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
go.)
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
СЭЛ 2 Ф / kaen /
[ count ]
a metal container for food or a drink that keeps it fresh
Ca • na • di • an / ka ' neidian /
ca • nal / ka 'nrel /
( geography ) a path that is made through the land and filled with water so that boats can travel on it
ca • nar • y / ka 'neri /
a small yellow bird that people often keep as a pet can .cel Ф / 'ksensl/
can • cel • la • tion / |krensa' lei/n /
a decision that a planned activity or event will not happen
can • cer / ' krensar /
( health ) a very dangerous disease that makes some very small parts in the body (called cells ) grow too fast
can • di • date / krendadeit /
a person who wants to be chosen for something
can .die / kamdi/ candle
can • dle • stick / krendl|stik /
Can .dy Ф / 'ksendi/
sweet food made of sugar or chocolate, or a piece of this food
cane / kein /
[ count ] a long stick that you lean on if you have trouble walking
[ count, noncount ] the long central parts of some plants, for example bamboo (= a tall plant that grows in hot countries ) , which can be used for making furniture
can • ni • bal / ' krenabl /
a person who eats other people
can • non / ' krenan /
an old type of big gun that fires big stone or metal balls
can • not / ' krenat ; ks ' nat /
ca .noe
/ ks nu /
( sports ) a light, narrow boat that you move through the water using a flat piece of wood (called a paddle ) ► ca • noe • ing / ks ' nuig /
can o • pen • er / ' kren |oupsnsr /
[ count ]
a tool for opening cans of food
can't / krent /
can • ta • loupe / ' krentboup /
[ count, noncount ]
a big round fruit (called a melon ). It has a thick hard skin and is orange inside.
can • vas / ' krenvss /
a strong heavy cloth, used for making bags, tents (= that you sleep in when you are camping ) and sails (= the cloth on boats that catches the wind ) , or for painting pictures on
can • yon / ' krenysn/
( geography ) a deep valley with sides of rock that go up very quickly (that are steep )
cap / krep /
a soft hat with a hard curved part at the front to keep the sun off your face
— Look at the
a thing that covers the top of a bottle or tube
ca • pa • bil • i • ty aw / |keips ' bilsti / [ count, noncount ] (
the ability to do something
ca . pa . Ые О / keipobl /
able to do something
able to do things well
—ANTONYM incapable
ca • pac • i • ty AWB / ks 'pressti /
[ usually singular , noncount ] how much a container or space can hold
[ singular ] the ability to do or understand something
cape / keip /
a piece of clothing that covers your body and your arms, but does not have separate sleeves
( geography ) a piece of land that goes out into the ocean
cap .i .tal Ф / kaepotl /
[ count ] ( politics ) the most important city in a country or state, where the government is
[ noncount ] ( business ) a large amount of money that you use to start a business, etc.
( also cap • i • tal let ter ) [ count ] ( English language arts ) a big letter of the alphabet, used at the beginning of sentences
cap • i • tal • ism / ' krepstslizsm /
[noncount]
( business , politics ) a system in which businesses are owned by individual people or groups, and not by the government
Look
► cap • i • tal • ist
cap • i • tal pun • ish • ment
/ |krepstl ' pAniJmsnt /
cap • puc • ci • no / |kreps ' tjinou /
[count] (
a cup of coffee that has hot milk with bubbles in it on top
Look
cap • size / ' krepsaiz /
If a boat capsizes , it turns over in the water
cap • sule / ' krepsl /
a type of pill shaped like a tube that is filled with medicine
cap • tain / ' kreptsn /
the person who is in charge of a ship or an airplane
an important officer in the army, navy, police force, etc.
( sports ) the leader of a group of people He's the captain of the school basketball team.
cap • tion / ' krepjn /
[count]
the words above or below a picture in a book or newspaper, which tell you about it
cap • tive / ' kreptiv /
a person who is not free —SYNONYM prisoner
cap • tiv • i • ty / krep ' tivsti/
cap • ture / ' kreptjbr /
(cap . tures,cap tur. ing ,cap . tured )
to catch someone and keep them somewhere so that they cannot leave
to take control of a place
Car © / kar /
1 ( also au . to . mo . bile / ^эшэ 'bil / ) a vehicle with four wheels, usually with enough space for four or five people
car
2 one of the parts of a train that carries people or goods
car • a • mel / ' krereml /
a type of brown candy that is made from sugar, butter, and milk
car • bo • hy • drate / ,karbou ' haidreit /
( biology ) one of the substances in food, for example sugar, which gives your body energy
car • bon / ' ka^n /
( chemistry ) a chemical that is in all living things, and that diamonds (= clear, very hard, expensive stones ) are made of
car • bon di • ox • ide / .korbn dai ' aksaid /
( chemistry ) a gas that has no color or smell that people and animals breathe out
car • bon foot • print / .korbn ' futprmt /
the amount of carbon dioxide that a person, business, or country produces
car • bon mon • ox • ide
/ ^гЬэп шэ 'naksaid /
Card Ф / kard /
2 ( also play . ing card ) one of a set of 52 cards (called a deck of cards ) that you use to play games
Look at the picture at playing card . Word building
A deck of cards has four groups of thirteen cards, called suits .
Two suits are red ( hearts and diamonds ) and two are black ( clubs and spades ).
card • board / ' kardbord /
car • di • gan / ' kard^n /
a piece of clothing which fastens at the front like a jacket and is often made of wool
car • di • nal / ' kardml /
( religion ) an important priest in the Roman Catholic church
( math ) ( also car . di . nal num ber
/ ,kardml ' плшЬэг / ) a whole number, for example 1, 2, 3
care 1Ф/ ker/
thinking about what you are doing so that you do not make
a mistake or break something
take care
to be careful
(
take care of someone or something
to keep someone or something safe, well, or in good condition
take care of something
to organize or deal with something
Care 2 Ф / ker /
to do the things for someone that they need
who cares?
words that you use to show you do not think something is important or interesting
ca .reer Ф / ь'ш/
a job that you learn to do and then do for many years
Thesaurus
work the job that you do to earn money. Work is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "a work" or "works":
Care .fill Ф / 'kerfl/
thinking about what you are doing so that you do not make
a mistake or have an accident
►care • ful • ly / ' kerfli /
care . less Ф / kerbs /
not thinking enough about what you are doing so that you make mistakes:
care • less • ly / ' kerbsli / adverb She threw her coat carelessly on the floor.
►care • less • ness / ' kerbsms /
care • tak • er / ' kerte^r /
a person whose job is to take care of a house or other building when the owner is away
car • go / ' kargou /
the things that a ship or an airplane carries
car • na • tion / kar'neijn /
a pink, white, or red flower with a nice smell
car • ni •val / ' karmvl /
an event with rides and games for children, or a public festival that takes place in the streets
car • ni • vore / ' kar^^r /
( biology ) an animal that eats meat
car • niv • o • rous / |kar' n^res /
car • ol / ' karel /
( music , religion ) a Christian song that people sing at Christmas
car • ou • sel / |kare 'sel /
a big round machine with models of animals or cars on it. Children can ride on it as it turns.
—SYNONYM merry-go-round
car • pen • ter / ' karpэntэr /
a person whose job is to make things from wood ► car • pen • try / ' ka^^ri /
car • pet / ' ka^t /
a soft covering for a floor that is often made of wool and is usually the same size as the floor
car • riage / ' karid3 /
a road vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by horses and was used in the past to carry people
car • ried
car • rot / ' karat /
[ count, noncount ] a long, thin, orange vegetable
Car .ГУ Ф / kaeri /
1 to hold something and take it to another place or keep it with you
can't carry this box — it's too heavy.
You use wear , not carry , to talk about having clothes on your body:
to move people or things
to be so excited that you forget what you are doing
cart / kart /
a thing on wheels that you use for carrying things He filled his shopping cart with food for the party.
a wooden vehicle with wheels that a horse usually pulls
carts
luggage cart shopping cart
car • ton / kartn /
a container made of very thick paper (called cardboard ) or plastic
car • toon / kar ' tun /
[ count ]
( art ) a funny drawing, for example in a newspaper
a television program or movie that tells a story by using moving drawings, computer images, etc. instead of real people and places
car • tridge / ' kartrid3 /
[count]
a small case containing something that is used inside a machine or a gun
carve / karv /
( art ) to cut wood or stone to make a picture or shape Her father carved a little horse for her out of wood.
to cut meat into thin pieces after you have cooked it
cut to divide something into two or more pieces with a knife, etc.:
carve to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating:
case Ф / keis /
[count]
a situation or an example of something
a crime that the police must find an answer to
a question that people in a court of law must decide about
a container or cover for keeping something in
words that you use when you give a second reason for something
in that case
if that is the situation
cash 1 Ф / kaej/
money in coins and bills
Word building
Money consists of coins (=small, round, metal things) and bills (= pieces of paper ) . This is called cash :
cash 2 / krej /
to give someone a check and get money for it
cash • ier / kre 'Jiar /
[count]
the person whose job is to take money from customers in a store, restaurant, etc.
cash ma • chine / ' kre/ ma Jin /
cash reg • is • ter / ' krej |red3astar / ( also reg .is .ter )
a machine in a store that is used to add the cost of things and store money
ca • si • no / ka 'sinou /
a place where people play games in which they can win and lose money
cas • se • role / kresaroul /
[ count, noncount ]
a type of food that you make by cooking meat and vegetables in liquid for a long time in the oven
cas • sette / ka 'set /
( music ) a plastic box with special tape inside for recording and playing sound or pictures
cast 1 / krest /
all the actors in a movie, play, or television show
cast 2 / krest /
to choose an actor for a particular part in a movie, play, or television show
cast a spell
to use magic words that have the power to change someone or something
cas • tle / ' kresl/
a large old building that was built in the past to keep people safe from attack
ca • su • al / ' kre3ual /
1 (used about clothes) not formal
wear casual clothes like jeans and T-shirts when I'm not at work.
showing that you are not worried about something; relaxed
ca • su • al • ty / ' kre3uslti /
a person who is hurt or killed in an accident or a war
cat Ф / kaet /
1 a small animal with soft fur that people keep as a pet Word building A young cat is called a kitten A cat purrs when it is happy. When a cat makes a loud noise, it meows :
whiskers
cat
cats
claw |
kitten
cat • a • log ( also cat . a • logue ) / ' kretlag /
a list of all the things that you can buy from a company or see somewhere
ca • tas • tro • phe / ks ' trestrsfi /
a sudden disaster that causes great suffering or damage
catch 1 Ф / ksetj/
( sports ) to take and hold something that is moving
to find and hold someone or something
to see someone when they are doing something wrong
to be early enough for a bus, train, etc. that is going to leave
( health ) to get an illness
to get stuck in or on something by mistake
catch fire
to become popular or fashionable
to understand or realize something
catch up to do something quickly so that you are not behind others
catch 2 / kretj /
( sports ) the act of catching something, for example a ball
a device for fastening something and keeping it closed
a hidden problem in something that seems to be very good
catch • y / ' kretji /
(used about a tune or a song) easy to remember
cat • e • go • rize AWB / ' kretsgs^aiz /
to put people or things into groups according to what type they are
cat • e • go • ry AWB / ' krets|gori /
(
a group of people or things that are similar to each other
ca • ter • ing / ' keitsrig /
the activity or business of providing food and drinks at events
cat • er • pil • lar / ' kretspilsr /
a small animal with a long body and a lot of legs. A caterpillar later becomes an insect that has large wings with bright colors (called a butterfly ). — Look
ca • the • dral / ks ' eidrsl /
( religion ) a big important church
Cath • o • lic / ' kreelik /
( also Ro • man Cath • o • lic )
Cath • o • lic ( also Ro • man Cath o • lic )
cat • tle / ' kretl /
cows that are kept for their milk or meat
caught
cau • li • flow • er / koli|flausr ; kali|flausr /
a large vegetable with green leaves outside and a round white part in the middle
a thing or person that makes something happen Bad driving is the cause of most road accidents.
something that people care about and want to help They gave the money to a good cause — it was used to build a new hospital.
cause 2 Ф / koz /
(causes,caus . ing ,caused )
to be the reason why something happens
cau • tion / ' kojn /
great care, because of possible danger
cau • tious / ' kojbs/
careful because there may be danger
► cau • tious • ly / ' kojbsli /
cave / keiv/
( geography ) a large hole in the side of a mountain or under the ground
cav • i • ty / ' krevэti /
an empty space inside something solid
( health ) a hole in a tooth
letters that are used on e-mails or business letters to show that you are sending a copy to another person. The letters cc stand for "carbon copy."
CD Ф / si ' di /
( music ) compact disc; a small, round piece of hard plastic on which you can record sound or store information
CD play • er / ,si ' di ,plerar /
( music ) a machine that you use to play music from CDs
CD-ROM / si di ' ram /
( computers ) a CD on which you can store large amounts of information, sound, and pictures, to use on a computer
cease awl / sis /
(ceas.es,ceas. ing ,ceased )
to stop
cease • fire / ' sisfarar /
an agreement between two groups to stop fighting each other
ceil . ing Ф / 'siinj /
the top part of the inside of a room
Spelling
IE or EI ?
When the sound is / i / (which rhymes with "be"), the rule is I before E, except after C , so ceiling is spelled with EI .
eel .e . brate Ф / ' sebbreit /
( cel . e . brates , cel . e . brat . ing , cel e . brat . ed )
to do something to show that you are happy, for a special reason or because it is a special day
cel • e • bra • tion / ,seb ' breijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a time when you enjoy yourself because you have a special reason to be happy
ce • leb • ri • ty / sэ ' lebreti /
a famous person
cel • er • y / ' sebri/
a vegetable with long green and white sticks that can be eaten without being cooked
( biology ) the smallest part of any living thing. All plants and animals are made up of cells
a small room for one or more prisoners in a prison or police station
( informal ) another word for cell phone
cel • lar / ' sebr /
a room in the part of a building that is under the ground
cel • lo / ' tfelou /
cell phone Ф / ' sel foun / ( also cell . phone )
( also
When the battery in your phone runs out , you have to recharge it.
Cel • si • us / ' selsbs / ( also cen . ti . grade )
( general science ) a way of measuring temperature. Water freezes at o° Celsius and boils at 100° Celsius .
ce • ment / sэ 'ment /
a gray powder that becomes hard like stone when you mix it with water and leave it to dry. Cement is used in building for sticking bricks or stones together, or for making very hard surfaces.
cem • e • ter • y / ' semэlteri /
(
( religion ) an area of ground where dead people are put under the earth
cen • sor / ' sensar /
to remove the parts of a book, movie, etc. that might upset people or that contain secret information ►cen • sor • ship / ' sensarjip /
cen • sus / ' sensas /
the act of officially counting all the people who live in a country, and finding information about them
Cent Ф / sent /
a small coin or unit of money. There are 100 cents in a dollar.
Look at penny .
cen .ter Ф / 'sentar/
[count]
1 the part in the middle of something
don't like having the center seat on an airplane.
Look at the picture at circle .
a place where people come to do a particular activity
( sports ) a player whose position is in the middle in sports like basketball
cen • ti • grade / 'sentagreid /
( general science ) a measure of liquid. There are 100 centiliters in a liter .
cen .ti .me .ter Ф / 'sentalitar /
a measure of length. There are 100 centimeters in a meter .
cen • ti • pede / ' sentapid /
a small animal like an insect, with a long thin body and very many legs
cen .tral Ф / s ntrol /
in the middle part of something
cen .tu . ry Ф / 'sentPari /
a period of 100 years
ce .re .al /'зп-ы/
[ count, noncount ]
1 a food made from grain, which you can eat for breakfast with milk
had a bowl of cereal for breakfast.
a plant that farmers grow so that we can eat the grain
cereal
a bowl of cereal
cer .e .mo .ny Ф/ 'seremouni/
[ count ]
(
a formal public or religious event
► cer • e • mo • ni • al / |sera ' mounial /
cer .tain Ф / 'ssrtn/
sure about something; without any doubt
—ANTONYM uncertain
used for talking about a particular thing or person without saying what or who they are
for certain
without any doubt
to check something so that you are sure about it
cer .tain .ly Ф / 'ssrtnli/
without any doubt
(
cer • tif • i • cate / sar' tifakat /
an important piece of paper that shows that something is true
ce • sar • e • an / si ' zerian /
( also ce . sar . e . an sec . tion / si|zerian ' sek/n / )
( health ) an operation in which a mother's body is cut open so her baby can be taken out
chain 1 Ф / tjein /
[ count, noncount ] a line of metal rings that are joined together
[ count ] ( business ) a group of stores, restaurants, hotels, etc. that are owned by one person or company
chain 2© / tjein/
to attach someone or something to a place with a chain
chair О / tjer /
1 [ count ] a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with four legs, a seat, and a back
chair
armchair
chairs
stool sofa/couch
2 [ singular ] = chairperson
chair • per • son / ' /
( also chair ) ( also chair • man / ' Уятоэп / chair • wom • an / ' t/er|Wumэn / )
( business ) a person who controls a meeting, group, or university department
chalk / tjok /
( art ) small sticks made of a soft white rock that you use for writing or drawing
chalk • board / ' tjokbord/
chal.lenge / ' t/abnd3 /
[count ]
a new or difficult thing that makes you try hard
an invitation to fight or play a game against someone
chal • lenge 2 aw / ' t/abnd3 /
( chal leng • es , chal leng • ing , chal • lenged )
to ask someone to play a game with you or fight with you to see who wins
to refuse to accept a set of rules; to say that you think someone or something is wrong
chal • leng • er AW / ' t^abndзэr /
[ count ]
a person who takes part in a competition or an election to win a position that someone else already has
chal • leng • ing AWL / ' tjabnd3ig /
difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability
cham • pagne / Jam' pein /
[noncount]
a French white wine with a lot of bubbles
cham • pi • on / ' tfampbn/
( sports ) a person who is the best at a sport or game
cham • pi • on • ship / ' tfampbnjip /
( sports ) a competition to find the best player or team in a sport or game
chance О / t/ans /
[ count ] a possibility that something may happen
[ count ] a time when you can do something
—SYNONYM opportunity
[ noncount ] when something happens that you cannot control or that you have not planned
to do something when it is possible that something bad may happen because of it
chan • cel • lor
[count]
( politics ) the head of the government in some countries
the head of some universities
chan • de • lier
/ lГandэ 'lir /
change
1W / t feind3 /
to become different
to make something different
to put or take something in place of another thing
( also get changed ) to put on different clothes
5 to get off a train, bus, or airplane and get on another one
change 2 Ч? / tjeind3 /
[ count ] when something becomes different The new administration has made a lot of changes . There has been a change in the weather.
[ noncount ] the money that you get back if you pay more than the amount something costs
[ noncount ] small pieces of money; coins
for a change
because you want something different
chan • nel aw п / ' tfrenl /
a TV station
( geography ) a long narrow place where water can go
chant / t/rent /
cha • os / ' keias /
when everything is confused and nothing is organized
chap • el / ' t/repl /
( religion ) a room or a small church where Christians go to speak to God (to pray )
chap • er • one / '/reps|roun/
an older person who goes to social events for younger people to make sure they behave correctly ► chap • er • one
(chap • er•ones,chap er•on • ing ,chap er•oned )
chap • ter awl / 'tjreptsr /
( english language arts ) one of the parts of a book
char .ac .ter Ф / 'kaeroktor/
[ count , usually singular ] the qualities that make someone or something different from other people or things
[ count ] a person in a book, play, television show, or movie
char . ac . ter . is . tic © / .ьегекь'гиьк /
a quality that someone or something has
char • coal / ' tjarkoul /
a black substance that is made from burning wood. It is used as a fuel or for drawing
charge 1© /tjord3/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
the money that you must pay for something
Thesaurus
price the money that you have to pay to buy something:
fee the money you pay to go into a place, or for professional advice or services from doctors, lawyers, colleges, etc.:
expense the money you spend on something, or something that makes you spend money:
when the police say that someone has done something wrong
be in charge of someone or something
to take care of or be responsible for someone or something
charge 2Ф /tjard3/ verb
( charg es , charg • ing , charged )
to ask someone to pay a particular price for something
to buy something with a small card made of plastic (called a credit card ) instead of cash
to say that someone has done something wrong
to run quickly and with a lot of force
to put electricity into something
cha • ris • ma / ks 'rizms /
a special quality that some people have, which makes other people like them
► cha • ris • mat • ic / |krersz' mretik /
Char .i .ty Ф / 'tjaerotj /
[ count, noncount ] an organization that collects money to help people who need it
[ noncount ] being kind and helping other people
charm 1 / tjarm /
[ noncount ] the quality of being pleasant or attractive The historic houses add to the charm of the town.
[ count ] a small thing that you wear because you think it will bring good luck
charm 2 / tfarm /
to make someone like you
charm • ing / ' tfarmig /
very pleasant or attractive
chart aw / tfart /
[count ]
a drawing that gives information about something
( geography ) a map of the ocean or the sky
the charts ( music ) an official list of the songs, CDs, etc. that have sold the most in a particular week
chase Ф / tfeis /
( chas.es,chas . ing ,chased )
to run behind someone or something and try to catch them
► chase
chat 1 / tfret /
to talk in a friendly, informal way with someone
chat 2 / tfret /
a friendly talk
talk [ count ] a conversation between two or more people, often about a problem or something that is important to you:
chat [ count ] a friendly, informal conversation with someone, especially about personal things:
chat room / ' tfret rum /
( computers ) an area on the Internet where you can join in a discussion with other people
chat • ter / ' tjretpr /
( chat . ters , chat . ter . ing , chat . tered )
to talk quickly about things that are not very important
(cheap er,cheap . est)
costing little money
—ANTONYM expensive
low in price and quality
not wanting to spend money
cheat Ф / tfit /
( cheats , cheat ing , cheat . ed )
to do something that is not honest or fair
check 1 Ф / tfek /
to look at something to see that it is right, good, or safe Do these math problems, and then use a calculator to check your answers.
to make a mark like this ✓ by something
check in to tell the person at the desk in a hotel or an airport that you have arrived
check out to pay your bill and leave a hotel The noun is checkout.
check someone or something out
to find out if something is correct
(
check 2 Ф / tfek /
a look to see that everything is right, good, or safe They do regular safety checks on all their products. a security check
a piece of paper from a bank that you can write on and use to pay for things
a piece of paper that shows how much money you must pay for food in a restaurant
( also check mark / ' tfek mark / ) a small mark like this /
check • book / ' tfekbuk /
[count]
a book of checks 2 (2 )
( also check . ered / ' ^1эг1 / ) with a pattern of squares
check • ers / ' t/ekarz/
check- in / t/ek in /
[ count, noncount ] the place where you go first when you arrive at an airport, to show your ticket, etc.
[ noncount ] the act of telling someone you have arrived at a hotel, an airport, etc.
check mark / ' t/ekmark /
check • out / ' tjekaut /
( also check . out coun . ter / ' tjekaut |kauntar / )
[ count ] the place in a large store where you pay for things
[ noncount ] the time when you leave a hotel at the end of your stay
check • up / ' t/ekAp /
( health ) a general examination by a doctor to make sure that you are healthy
ched • dar / t/edar /
a type of hard yellow or orange cheese
cheek О / t/ik /
one of the two soft parts of your face below your eyes
(cheers,cheer ing ,cheered )
to shout to show that you like something or to encourage someone
cheer up ; cheer someone up to become or to make
someone happier
cheer 2 / tjir /
a loud shout that shows that you are pleased
cheer • ful / t/irfl /
happy
cheer • lead • er / ' t/irlidar /
( sports ) a person who wears special clothes, and dances and shouts at a sports game to encourage the crowd to make a noise
cheese О / tjiz /
a yellow or white food made from milk
cheese • burg • er / ' t|iz|bargar /
[count]
a hamburger (= a flat, round piece of meat in between two round pieces of bread ) , with a slice of cheese on top of the meat cheese • cake
/ t/izkeik /
a type of cake that is made from soft white cheese, sugar, and eggs on a base made of crushed cookies
chef / /ef /
a professional cook, especially the chief cook in a hotel or restaurant
chem i .cal i©0 / ' kemikl /
( chemistry ) connected with chemistry or chemicals
chem .i .cal
( chemistry ) a solid or liquid substance that is used or produced in a chemical process
chem • ist / kemist /
( chemistry ) a scientist who does research and experiments with chemicals
chem • is • try Ф/ krmostri /
the science that studies gases, liquids, and solids to find out what they are and how they behave
che • mo • ther • a / |kimou ' 9erapi / ( also
cher • ish / ' tjerif /
( cher . ish . es , cher ish . ing , cher . ished )
to love and take care of someone or something
cher • ry / ' t/eri /
a small round red or black fruit that has a large seed inside it (called a pit )
chess / tjes /
a game that two people play on a board with black and white squares on it (called a
chessboard ). Each player has sixteen pieces that can be moved around the board in different ways.
chest
the top part of the front of your body
a large, strong box with a lid that you use for storing or carrying things
chest • nut / ' tfesnAt /
a smooth, brown nut with a sharp point, or the tree that this nut grows on
chest of draw • ers / |tfest эv ' drorz /
[ count ] (
a large piece of furniture with parts that you can pull out (called drawers ). A chest of drawers is usually used for keeping clothes in.
chew / tju /
to use your teeth to break up food in your mouth when you are eating
chew • ing gum / ' tjuig gAm /
[ noncount ]
= gum ( 2 )
chic / Jik /
fashionable and attractive
chick / tjik /
a baby bird, especially a baby chicken
chick . en Ф / 'tjibn /
[ count ] a bird that people often keep for its eggs and its meat
Word building
A female chicken is called a hen , and a male chicken is called a rooster . A young chicken is a chick.
[ noncount ] the meat from this bird
chick • en pox / ' tjibn paks /
( also chick • en pox )
[noncount]
( health ) a disease, especially of children. When you have the chicken pox you feel very hot and get red spots on your skin that make you want to scratch.
chief 1 © / tjif/
Chief 2© / tjif/
chief • ly / ' tjifli /
not completely, but mostly
—SYNONYM mainly
child © / tjaild/
a young boy or girl
a daughter or son
child • care / ' tjaildker /
taking care of children, especially while the parents are at work
child .hood © / ' tjaildhud /
[ count, noncount ]
the time when you are a child
child • ish / ' tjaildij /
like a child
chil .i / 'tjili/
[count]
( also chil • i pep • per ) a
small green or red vegetable that has a very strong hot taste
[ noncount ] a dish made with chilis .
chill / Mil /
to make someone or something colder Chill the white wine before you serve it.
( also chill out ) (
to relax and not worry about things
chill • y / ' tjili/
cold
chime / tjaim /
( chimes , chim • ing , chimed )
to make the sound that a bell makes
chim • ney / ' tjimni /
and usually meat chilled )
a large pipe over a fire that lets smoke go outside into the air
chim • pan • zee
/ |tjimpren ' zi /
Chill Ф / 'tjin /
chi • na / ' tjains /
[noncount]
a hard white material made from earth, or things like plates and cups that are made from this
chip 1 / tjip /
a small piece of something, such as wood, chocolate, or glass
the place where a small piece of wood, stone, or other material has broken off a larger piece
( also po • ta to chip ) a very thin piece of potato cooked in hot oil and eaten cold
( computers ) a very small thing inside a computer that makes it work
—SYNONYM microchip
chip 2 / tjip /
to break or lose a small piece off something hard
chip .munk / ^ртлцк/ chipmunk
a small animal with a long, thick tail and brown fur with lines of black and white on its back
chirp / t/srp /
to make the short high sound that small birds make
chis • el / ' уы /
[ count ]
a tool with a sharp end that is used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, etc.
chlo • ride / ' kloraid /
( chemistry ) a substance that is a mixture of chlorine and another chemical
( chemistry ) a yellow-green gas with a strong smell, which is used for making water safe to drink or to swim in
choc .o .late Ф / ' tjaklst /
1 [ noncount ] a dark brown sweet food that is made from seeds (called cocoa beans ) that grow on trees in hot countries
would love a piece of chocolate right now. a chocolate cake
[ count ] a piece of candy made of chocolate
choc • o • late chip / |tjaklst ' tjip /
[count]
a small piece of chocolate used in baking
choice Ф / tjois /
[ count ] the act of choosing between two or more people or things
[ noncount ] the right or chance to choose We have no choice . We have to leave.
[ count ] the things that you can choose from The menu has a choice of six different soups.
[ count ] the person or thing that someone has chosen
choir / ' kwaisr /
choke / tjouk /
to be or to make someone not able to breathe because something is stopping air from getting in
cho • les • ter • ol / ks 'lestsrol /
[noncount]
( health , biology ) a substance in your body that can cause heart disease if there is too much of it
choose
The noun is choice .
chop 1 / tjap
cut to divide something into two or more pieces with a knife, etc.:
carve to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating:
chop something down to cut a tree, etc. at the bottom so that it falls down
chop something off to remove something from something else by cutting it
chop 2 / tfap/
chop • sticks
/ ' tfapstiks /
a pair of thin sticks that are used for eating with, especially in some Asian countries
chord / kord /
( music ) two or more musical notes that are played at the same time
chore / tfor /
cho • re • og • ra • phy / |kori' agrefi /
[noncount]
the arrangement of movements for a dance
cho • rus / ' kores /
a part of a song that you repeat
a large group of people who sing together —SYNONYM choir
chose, cho•sen
chow • der / ' tJаudэr /
[count]
a thick soup, usually made with fish
Christ / kraist / =Jesus
chris • ten / ' krisn /
Chris • tian / ' kristjbn /
( religion ) a person who believes in Jesus Christ and what he taught
► Chris • tian
Chris • ti • an • i • ty / ,knstji ' remti /
[ noncount ]
( religion ) the religion that follows what Jesus Christ taught
Christ • mas / ' krIsmэs /
[ count, noncount ]
( religion ) the period of time around and including December 25, when Christians remember the birth of Christ
Christmas is an important festival in the U.S. The day before Christmas Day is called Christmas Eve .
Many children believe that Santa Claus visits them at Christmas to bring presents, and they hang Christmas stockings for him to fill with presents.
People send Christmas cards and give presents to their friends and family. Many people go to church at Christmas and sing Christmas carols .
People put special trees (called Christmas trees ) in their homes, and decorate them with small lights and other pretty things. Christmas is sometimes written informally as Xmas .
chrome / kroum /
a hard, shiny metal that is used to cover other metals
chro • mo • some / ' kroumэsoum /
[ count ]
( biology ) the part of a cell that decides the sex, character, size, etc. that a person, plant, or animal will have
chron • ic / kranik /
( health ) (used about a disease or problem) that continues for a long time and is hard to get rid of
chron • o • log • i • cal / ikram ' lad3ikl /
chrys • a • lis / ' kr^lis /
(
chub • by / ' tfAbi /
slightly fat
piece an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the rest of it. This is a very general word and can be used with most noncount nouns:
lump a piece of something hard or solid, especially one without any particular shape:
church © / tjartj/
( religion ) a building where Christians go to speak to God (to pray )
When we talk about going to a ceremony (a service ) in a church we say in church , to church or at church without "a" or "the":
chute / Jut /
a narrow space that you drop or slide things down
ci • der / ' saidar / ( also ap . ple ci . der )
[ count, noncount ] a drink made from apples
ci • gar / si ' gar /
a thick roll of dried leaves (called tobacco ) that some people smoke. Cigars are larger than cigarettes.
cig .a .rette © / 'sigaret/
a thin tube of white paper filled with dried leaves (called tobacco ), which some people smoke
cin • e • ma / ' sinama /
movies in general
cin • na • mon / ' sinaman /
a brown powder that is used to give flavor to sweet foods
cir .cle lO/'ssrkl/
circle
2 a group of people who are friends, or who have the same interest or job
cir • cle 2 / ' sarkl /
to move in a circle, or to draw a circle around something
cir • cuit / ' sarkat /
( physics ) the complete path of electricity through a wire, etc.
cir • cu • lar / ' sarkyalar /
with the shape of a circle
—SYNONYM round
cir • cu • late / ' sarkyaleit /
to move around
cir • cu • la • tion / |sarkya ' leijn /
[ noncount ]
( biology ) the movement of blood around the body
cir • cum • fer • ence / sar kAmfrans /
[ count ]
( math ) the distance around a circle
cir • cum • stanc • es AWL / ' sarkamstrensiz /
the facts that are true in a particular situation
under no circumstances
never; not for any reason
as the result of a particular situation
cir • cus / ' sarkas /
a performance by a company of people and often trained animals which travels to different places
cite AWL / sait /
to mention something as an example, to support what you are saying
cit . i . Zen © / 'sitozn /
a person who belongs to a country or a city
cit • i • Zen • ship / ' sitazanjip /
[ noncount ]
the legal right to belong to a particular country
cit • rus fruit / ' sitras frut /
cit • y hall ( also Cit . y Hall ) / ,siti ' h ol /
[ count ]
( politics ) connected with a city or town, or the people
who live there
connected with the public, not with the army or a church
connected with the legal rights of people, but not criminal issues
polite, but not very friendly
ci • vil • ian / sэ 'v^n /
a person who does not belong to the army, navy, etc. or to the police
civ • i • li • za • tion / ^гуэ1э ' zeijn /
[ count, noncount ]
the way people live together in a society with laws,
education, and a government
civ • i • lized / ' s^laEd /
(used about a society) well organized and having a highly developed culture
polite and reasonable a civilized conversation
civ • il rights / |sivl ' raits /
a person's legal rights to freedom and to equal treatment in society
civ • il serv • ant / |sivi ' sэrvэnt /
( politics ) a person who works in the civil service
the civ • il serv • ice / бэ |sivi ' sэrvэs /
singular ]
( politics ) the government departments in a country, and the people who work for them
civ • il war / |sivl ' war /
( history , politics ) a war between groups of people who live in the same country
claim 1 / kleim /
to say that something is true
to ask for something because it is yours
claim 2 / kleim/
saying that something is true
something that you ask for because you think you have a right to it
clam / klam/
a type of fish with a round shell in two parts that can open and close
to hold something firmly in a particular position
clamp down on someone or something
to take strong action in order to stop or control something
clamp 2 / klamp /
a tool that holds two things together very firmly
clang / kl;uij /
to make a loud sound, like metal when you hit it with something
clap / klap /
to hit your hands together to make a noise, usually to show that you like something
clar • i • fy AWL / ' klarefai /
to make something clear and easy to understand
clar • i • net / |klare ' net /
( music ) a musical instrument made of wood with holes in it. You play it by blowing into it.
clar • i • ty aw щ / ' klareti /
the quality of being clear and easy to understand
The adjective is clear .
clash 1 / klaj /
to fight or argue about something Police clashed with demonstrators.
If colors or patterns clash , they do not look good together
clash 2 / klaj /
a fight or a serious argument
a big difference a clash of cultures
clasp 1 / klasp /
to hold someone or something firmly
clasp 2 / klasp /
a metal object that fastens or holds something together
class Ф / klas /
1 [ count ] a group of children or students who learn
together
[ count, noncount ] the time when you learn something with a teacher
[ count ] a group of people or things that are the same in some way
[ count ] how good, comfortable, etc. something is
clas • sic 1 AWL / ' klresik /
( english language arts ) important and having a value that will last
clas • sic 2 AWL / ' klresik /
( english language arts ) a book, movie, or piece of music that is so good that it is still popular many years after it was written or made
clas • si • cal aw / ' klresikl /
in a style that people have used for a long time because they think it is good
—SYNONYM traditional —ANTONYM modern
( music ) Classical music is written for instruments that are not electronic, and is considered to be serious and important
connected with ancient Greece or Rome
clas • si • fied ad / |klressfaid ' red /
[ count ]
a small advertisement that you put in a newspaper, on the Internet, etc. if you want to buy or sell something, rent an apartment, etc.
clas • si • fy / ' klressfai /
to put someone or something into a group with others that are similar
clas • si • fi • ca • tion / |klressfs ' keijn /
[ count, noncount ]
class • mate / klresmeit /
a person who is in the same class as you at school or college
class • room / klresrum /
a room where you learn in a school or college
class • y / klresi /
having high quality or style; expensive
clat • ter / ' klretsr /
clat • ter
clause aw Ц / kloz/
( english language arts ) a part of a sentence that has a verb in it
a part of a legal document that says that something must or must not be done
claus • tro • pho • bi •a / |klostrs foubis /
( health ) a very strong fear of being in a small or closed space
claw / klo /
one of the hard pointed parts on the feet of some animals and birds
clay / klei /
a kind of heavy earth that becomes hard when it is dry
clean 1® / klin /
not dirty clean clothes
—ANTONYM dirty
having no record of crimes or offenses
clean 2 w / klin /
( cleans , clean • ing , cleaned )
to remove the dirt or marks from something; to make
something clean
clean something out to clean the inside of something
When you clean or clean up your home, you do housework .
You wash something with water and often soap. You wipe a surface with a wet cloth and you dust a surface with a dry cloth. You sweep the floor with a broom .
clean • er / klinsr /
a person whose job is to clean people's houses or other buildings
a substance or special machine used for cleaning something
the cleaners = dry cleaners
clear 1® / klir /
easy to see through
free from marks
with nothing blocking the way Most roads are now clear of snow.
clea Г 2 ©/ klir /
to remove things from a place because you do not want or need them there
the dirty plates )
to become clear
clear something out to make something neat and clean by getting rid of things that you do not want
clear • ance / ' klirens /
official permission to do something
getting rid of something that is old and not wanted
clear .ly О / klirli /
in a way that is easy to see, hear, or understand
without any doubt
—SYNONYM obviously
cler • gy / ' kbrd3i /
( religion ) the people who perform religious services
cler • gy • man / ' ыэ^шэп /
( also cler . gy . wom . an / ' klэrdзiwumэn / )
clerk / kbrk /
a person whose job is to do written work or keep records or accounts in an office, a bank, etc.
a person who works in a store —SYNONYM salesclerk
a person whose job is to help people arriving at or leaving a hotel
clev • er / ' 1Ьуэг /
intelligent and showing skill; quick at learning and understanding things
► clev • er • ly / ' 1ЬуэгН /
cli • che / kli'Jei/
( english language arts ) a phrase or an idea that has been used too many times before, so it does not mean much
click 1 / klik /
1 to make a short, sharp sound
2 ( computers ) to press one of the buttons on a computer mouse
click 2 / klik /
a short, sharp sound
( computers ) the act of pressing a button on a computer mouse
cli • ent / ' klarant/
( business ) a person who pays a professional or business person for help or advice
cliff / khf / C|iff
( geography ) a
high area of rock by the ocean, with one side that goes up very quickly (that is steep )
Cli .mate Ф/ 'klaimot/
[ count, noncount ]
( geography ) the normal weather conditions of a place
cli • mate change / ' klaImэt ,tjemd3 /
[noncount]
( geography ) changes in the earth's weather, espcially the fact that the earth's atmosphere is getting hotter
cli • max / ' klaimreks /
the most important part of something or of a period of time
climb О / klaim /
The word climb sounds like time .
to go up toward the top of something
to move to or from a place when it is not easy to do it
to move to a higher level
climb • er / ' klaImэr /
( sports ) a person who climbs mountains or rocks as a sport
lighthouse I cliff
climb • ing / ' klaimig /
( sports ) the sport of climbing mountains or rocks
cling / klii / verb
( clings , cling ing , clung / Ылц / has clung )
clin • ic / ' klinik/
( health ) a place where you can go to get help or advice from a doctor about a particular medical problem
clip 1 / klip /
a small piece of metal or plastic for holding things together or in place
clip 2 / klip / verb ( clips , clip • ping , clipped )
clip • board / ' kiipbrd /
a small board with a part that holds papers at the top
( computers ) a place where information from a computer file is kept for a short time, before it is added to another file
clock © / klak /
a thing that shows you what time it is
A small clock that you wear on your wrist is called a watch .
You say that a clock or watch is fast if it shows a time that is later than the real time. You say that it is slow if it shows a time that is earlier than the real time.
in the direction that the hands of a clock move
—ANTONYM counterclockwise
clog / klag /
a type of shoe with no back and a thick base made of wood
clone / kloun/
( biology ) an exact copy of a plant or an animal, created from one of its cells
clone
close 1 Ф / klouz /
closed )
Pronunciation
When the word close is a verb, it has a / z / sound as in grows or nose .
When the word close is an adjective, it has a / s / sound as in dose .
to shut
to stop being open, so that people cannot go there
—ANTONYM open
close down ; close something down to stop all
business at a store, factory, etc.
near
If people are close , they know each other well and like each other very much
(used about a competition or race) only won by a small amount
careful
close • ly / ' klousli / adverb Paul entered, followed closely by Mike. We watched her closely (= carefully ) .
not open
—SYNONYM shut —ANTONYM open
closed-cir • cuit tel • e • vi • sion
/ |klouzd ^эЛэ: ' tebvi3n /
a type of television system with cameras in public places, used to prevent crime
clos • et / ' k^t /
a space in a wall with a door that reaches the ground, used for storing clothes, shoes, etc.
clo • sure / ' klouзэr /
clot / klat /
( health ) a lump that forms when blood dries or gets thick
clot
cloth
[ noncount ] material made of wool, cotton, etc. that you use for making clothes and other things
—SYNONYM fabric
[ count ] a piece of cloth that you use for a special job Do you have a cloth I can use to wipe the floor with?
— Look
clothes ©/ klooclz /
things like pants, shirts, and dresses that you wear to cover your body
Clothes and appearance clothes
be wearing a new outfit/a uniform/jeans
wear jewelry/a watch/glasses/contact lenses/perfume put on/take off your clothes/coat/shoes change into a pair of jeans/your pajamas be fashionably/well dressed be/get dressed for work/school/dinner appearance brush/comb your hair wash/shampoo/blow-dry your hair have/get a haircut/your hair cut/a new hairstyle have/get a makeover/your nails done use/wear/put on makeup/cosmetics/lipstick
clothes
tf $ # w 4-
overcoat jacket sweater T-shirt shorts
cloth . ing Ф / 'kioocinj / noun
[noncount]
clothes, especially a particular type of clothes
Clothing is a more formal word for clothes, and can be used to talk about single items:
cloud Ф / klaud /
[ count, noncount ] ( geography ) a white or gray shape in the sky that is made of small drops of water
[ count ] a large collection of dust or smoke that looks like a cloud
cloud • y / klaudi /
If the weather is cloudy , the sky is full of clouds
clove / klouv /
[ count ]
1 the small dried flower of a tree that grows in hot countries, used as a spice in cooking. Cloves look like small nails.
2 one of the small separate sections of garlic (= a vegetable of the onion family with a strong taste and smell, used in cooking )
a small plant with leaves that usually have three parts to them
clown / klaun /
a person who wears funny clothes and a big red nose and does silly things to make people laugh
club Ф / kL\b/
[ count ] a group of people who do something together, or the place where they meet
[ count ] ( also night . club / ' naitklAb / ) a place where people go to listen to music, dance, etc.
[ count ] a heavy stick with one thick end, used as a weapon
[ count ] ( sports ) a long thin stick that is used for hitting a ball when playing golf (= a game played on grass in which you hit a small ball into a number of holes )
Which word? The thing that you use to hit the ball has different names in different sports. You use a bat in baseball.
You use a racket to play tennis, badminton, and squash. To play golf, you use a club . In hockey, you use a stick .
cl ubs [ plural ] the group of playing cards ( called a suit ) that have the shape * on them
club • bing / ' ki bin /
[noncount]
the activity of going out to places called clubs or nightclubs , where you can listen to music and dance at night
club so • da / |klAb ' souda /
water with bubbles in it —SYNONYM soda water
clue / klu /
something that helps to find the answer to a problem, or to know the truth
have no clue
clum • sy / klAmzi /
If you are clumsy , you often drop things or do things badly because you do not move in an easy or careful way
clung
clus • ter / ' klAstsr /
a group of people or things that are close together
clutch 1 / klAtJ /
to hold something tight
—SYNONYM grip
clutch 2 / klAtf /
(in some vehicles) the part that your foot presses while your hand moves the stick that changes the engine speed
clut • ter / ' klAtsr /
things that are where they are not wanted or needed, and which make a place messy
cm
Co. / kou /
You use c/o (short for care of ) when you are writing to someone who is staying at another person's house
coach 1 / koutj /
[ count ] ( sports ) a person who trains a person or team in a sport
[ noncount ] the cheapest type of seats on an airplane I used to fly business class for work, but now I fly coach .
coach 2 / koutj /
to teach someone to play a sport or do something better
coal / koul /
a hard black substance that comes from under the ground and gives out heat when you burn it
coarse / kors /
made of thick pieces so that it is not smooth
—ANTONYM fine
COaSt Ф / koust/
( geography ) the part of the land that is next to the ocean
Culture
The area of the United States next to the Pacific Ocean is called the West Coast . The area next to the Atlantic Ocean is called the East Coast :
( geography ) at or near a coast
the Coast Guard / 6s ' koust gard / [count]
an organization that watches people's activities on the ocean and helps people or ships who are in danger
coast • line / ' koustlain /
( geography ) the edge of the land next to the ocean
coat 1 Ф / kout /
a piece of clothing that you wear over your other clothes when you are outside
the hair or fur that covers an animal
a layer of something that covers a surface
coat 2 / kout /
to put a thin covering of something over another thing
coat hang • er / ' kout |h®gsr /
cob • web / ' kabweb /
a net, especially one that is old and full of dust, that a spider made to catch insects
cock • pit / ' kakpit /
the part of an airplane where the pilot sits
cock • roach / ' kakroutj/
a large brown insect that you find in houses, especially dirty ones
cock • tail / kakteil /
a drink usually made of alcohol mixed with fruit juices or other types of drinks
co • coa / koukou /
[ noncount ] a dark brown powder made from the seeds (called cocoa bean s ) of a tree that grows in hot countries. Cocoa is used in making chocolate.
[ count, noncount ] a drink of hot milk mixed with this powder
co • co •nut / ' kouksnAt /
cod / kad /
a large fruit that grows on trees in hot countries. Coconuts are brown and hard on the outside, and they have sweet white food and liquid inside.
code aw п / koud /
[ count, noncount ] a way of writing secret messages, using letters, numbers, or special signs
[ count ] a group of numbers or letters that helps you find something
[ count ] a set of rules for a group of people
cof .fee Ф/ 'kofi/ noun
[ noncount ] a brown powder made from the seeds (called coffee beans ) of a tree that grows in hot countries. You use it for making a drink.
[ noncount ] a drink made by adding hot water to this powder
[ count ] a cup of this drink Two large coffees, please. Word building
Black coffee has no milk in it.
Decaffeinated coffee, also called decaf , has had the caffeine taken out.
cof • fee shop / ' kofi Jap /
a small, informal restaurant that serves cheap meals, coffee, and other drinks
cof • fee ta • ble / ' kofi ,teibi /
a small, low table that you put magazines, cups, or other similar things on
cof • fin / ' Ыэп /
a box that a dead person's body is put in
co • her • ent aw / kou ' hirent / Я
clear, organized, and easy to understand
coil 1 / koil /
to make something into a lot of circles that are joined together
coil 2 / koil/
a long piece of rope or wire that goes around in circles
COin Ф / bin /
a piece of money made of metal
co • in • cide aw / ,kouin ' said /
( co . in . cides , co . in . cid . ing , co . in . cid . ed )
to happen at the same time as something else
to be the same or very similar
co • in • ci • dence aw / kou ' /
[count]
two or more similar things happening at the same time or in the same place by chance, in a surprising way
co •in • ci • den • tal aw / koU|Insэ ' dentl /
happening by chance; not planned co • la / ' koub /
[ count, noncount ]
a sweet brown drink with bubbles in it
cold 1 W/ kould /
not hot or warm; with a low temperature
—ANTONYM hot
not friendly or kind
cold • ly / ' kouldli / adverb She looked at me coldly. Thesaurus
COld 2 Ф / kould /
[ noncount ] cold weather Don't go out in the cold .
[ count ] ( health ) a common illness of the nose and throat. When you have a cold , you often cannot breathe through your nose and your throat hurts
cold-blood • ed / ,kould ' Ь1л1э1 /
( biology ) having a body temperature that changes with the temperature of the air
col • lapse AWL / 1э 'lreps /
to fall down suddenly
to fail suddenly and completely
col • lapse
[ count, noncount ]
the part of your clothes that goes around your neck
a band that you put around the neck of a dog or cat
col • league aw / ' kalig /
[count ]
a person who works with you
col .lect 1© / ko'lrkt/
( col lect , col • lect • ing , col • lect • ed )
to take things from different people or places and put them together
to bring together things that are the same in some way, in order to study or enjoy them
(used about a telephone call) to be paid for by the person who receives the call
[ count ] a group of similar things that someone has brought together
[ count, noncount ] taking something from a place or from people
col • lec • tor / kэ'leter /
col. lege © / 'каы3/ noun
apply to a college/a university/Harvard get into/go to college/Princeton studying major in/minor in biology/philosophy work toward a B.A./a law degree/a master's degree finishing finish/graduate from college
earn/receive/get a degree/a bachelor's degree/a master's degree Which word? University or college?
Universities and colleges both offer courses for students who are studying for their first degree (a bachelor's degree ).
Universities also offer courses for people who are studying for more advanced degrees, for example a master's degree or a Ph.D.
College is often the word we use in general conversation when we are talking about a place of higher education, even when the place we are talking about is a university:
col • lide / kэ ' laid /
to move fast toward someone or something, and hit them hard
col • li • sion / kэ'li3n /
when things or people collide
—SYNONYM crash
col • lo • ca • tion / |kab 'keijn /
( english language arts ) a combination of words that people use very often
co • logne / kэ'loun /
a liquid that you put on your body to make yourself smell nice
co • lon / ' koubn/
( english language arts ) the mark ( : ) that you use in
writing, for example before a list
( biology ) the large tube inside your body below your stomach, which carries waste out of your body
colo • nel / ' kэrnl /
an officer of a high level in the army
co • lo • ni • al / kэ ' lounbl /
( history )
connected with or being part of a colony Spain used to be a major colonial power.
connected with the U.S. at the time when it was still a British colony
col • o • nize / ' kabnaiz /
( politics ) to take control of another country or place and make it a colony
► col • o • ni • za • tion / ^Ьпэ ' zeijn /
[ noncount ]
col • o • ny / ' kabni /
( politics ) a country or an area that is ruled by another country
COl .ОГ 1 Ф / 'клЬг /
[ count, noncount ]
„.of color
A person, man, or woman of color does not have white
skin.
Style
Some words that we use to talk about color are light , pale , dark , deep , and bright .
col • or 2 / kAlsr /
to put color on something using pens, pencils, etc.
col • or-blind / kAlsr | blaind / ( also col • or • blind )
( biology ) not able to see the difference between some colors, especially red and green
col • or • ful / ' kAlsrfl /
with a lot of bright colors
col • or • ing / ' kAlsrig /
[ noncount ] the colors of an animal or of a person's hair, skin, etc.
[ count, noncount ] a substance that is used to give a color to food
col • or • less / kAlsrlss /
col .limn Ф / 'kabm/
a tall solid piece of stone that supports part of a building
a long thin section of writing on one side or part of a page
a piece of writing by a particular writer, which is published regularly in a newspaper, magazine, etc.
co • ma / ' koums /
( health ) a state like a very deep sleep, which often lasts for a long time and is caused by a serious illness or injury
comb l/koum
[count]
teeth. You use it to make ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ your hair neat.
comb 2 / koum /
to make your hair neat with a comb
com • bat / ' kambret /
fighting, especially in a war
com .bi .па .tion ® / ^ambs'neijn/
[ count, noncount ]
two or more things joined together
—SYNONYM mixture
com . bine О / ЬтЪаш/
to join; to mix two or more things together
come Ф / клт /
( comes , com • ing , came / keim / has come )
to move toward the person who is speaking or the place that you are talking about
to arrive at or reach a place
to go somewhere with the person who is speaking
to be in a particular position
to be available
come about to happen
come across something to find something when you
are not looking for it
come along to go somewhere with someone
come apart to break into pieces
come back to return
come down to fall or become lower
come down with something to get an illness
come from somewhere or something
1 The place that you come from is where you were born
or where you live
come from Texas. Where do you come from?
to be made from something or produced somewhere
come off something to become removed from something
come on! words that you use for telling someone to hurry
or to try harder
come out to appear
come over to visit a person in their house not very far away
come up
to happen
to be mentioned or discussed The subject of religion came up.
come up with something to find an answer or a solution to something
how come ...? (
why...?
to come
in the future
come • back / ' kAmbrek /
a return to a strong or important position that you had before
co • me • di • an / ka midian /
a person whose job is to make people laugh
com • e • dy / ' kamadi /
a funny play or movie
com • et / ' kamat /
a thing in the sky that moves around the sun. A comet looks like a bright star with a tail.
com • fort 1 / ' kAmfart /
[ noncount ] having everything your body needs; being without pain or problems
[ count ] a person or thing that helps you or makes life better
to make someone feel less unhappy or worried
com .fort .a . Ые © / 'kunftorbl /
nice to sit in, to be in, or to wear This is a very comfortable bed. comfortable shoes
physically relaxed; without pain or fear that something bad will happen
com • ic 1 / kamik / ( also com • i • cal / kamikl / )
funny
com • ic 2 / kamik /
com • ma / ' kama /
( english language arts ) a mark ( , ) that you use in
writing to separate parts of a sentence or things in a list
com • mand Ф / ko'maend /
1 [ count ] words that tell you that you must do something
—SYNONYM order
[ count ] ( computers ) an instruction to a computer to do something
[ noncount ] the power to tell people what to do
—SYNONYM control
com • mand 2 / ka mrend /
to tell someone that they must do something
—SYNONYM order
com • mem • o • rate / ka ' memareit /
com .ment 1 Ф / 'kament/
[ count, noncount ]
something that you say that shows what you think about something
no comment
words that people say when they do not want to answer a question or say anything at all
com .ment гФ^Щ / 'kament/
com • men • tar • y |AWL / ' kaman|teri /
[ count, noncount ] (
when someone describes an event while it is happening, especially on the radio or television
com •men • ta •tor AWB / ' kamanteitar /
a person who gives a commentary on the radio or television
com • merce / ' kamars /
( business ) the business of buying and selling things
com • mer • cial / ka ' marjl /
connected with buying and selling things
( business ) making a profit
com • mer • cial 2 / ka 'marjl/
an advertisement on the television or radio
com • mis • sion AWL / ka 'mijn /
[ count ] an official group of people who are in charge of something
[ count, noncount ] ( business ) money that you get for selling something
com • mit AWL / ka 'mit /
to do something bad
com • mit • ment AWL / 1э 'mItmэnt /
[ count ] a promise to do something
[ noncount ] being prepared to give a lot of your time and attention to something
com • mit • ted aw / 1э ' mited /
prepared to give a lot of your time and attention to something
com • mit • tee / 1э ' miti /
Spelling
Remember! You spell committee with MM , TT , and EE .
a group of people that other people choose to discuss or
decide something
com .mon lO / 'катэп/
happening often or found in many places
—ANTONYM rare
shared by two or more people, or by everyone in a group
com • mon 2 / ' kаmэn /
to be like someone in a certain way, or to have the same interests as someone
com • mon sense / ^шэп ' sens /
[noncount]
the ability to think about things and do the right thing based on your experience
com • mu • ni • cate Ф awl / 1э 'myumkeit /
to share and exchange information, ideas, or feelings with someone
Thesaurus
talk to say words to another person or other people. You talk to someone in order to give information, show feelings, or share ideas:
speak to talk to someone about something; to have a conversation with someone. You speak to someone in order to try to achieve something or to tell them to do something. Speak is a little more formal than talk :
discuss to talk and share ideas with other people about a subject or problem, especially in order to decide something. The word discuss is more formal than speak :
communicate to share and exchange information or ideas with someone. Communicate is a little formal, and is often used when the method of communication is important:
com • mu • ni • ca • tion © awl
/ kэ|myunэ ' keifn /
[ noncount ] sharing or exchanging information, feelings, or ideas with someone
communications [ plural ] ways of sending or receiving information, especially telephones, radio, computers, etc.
com • mu • nism / ' kаmyэnIZэm /
[noncount]
( politics ) the political system in which the government owns and controls all factories, farms, etc. and everyone is
equal
com • mu • nist / ' kаmyэnIst /
[ count ]
com . mu . ni .ty О / ko'myunoti /
the community [ singular ] all the people who live in a place; the place where they live
[ count ] a group of people who join together, for example because they have the same interests or religion
com • mu • ni • ty col • lege / 1э ' myumti
,kalid3 /
a college near where you live, where you can learn a skill or prepare for another college or university
com • mute / 1э ' myut /
com • mut • er / 1э 'myutpr /
com • pact / ' kamprekt ; 1эш' prekt /
com • pact disc / ,kamprekt ' disk /
= CD
com • pan • ion / 1эш' prenyэn /
a person or animal that travels with you or spends time with you
com . pa . ny Ф/ 'клтрэш/
1 [ count ] ( business ) a group of people who work together to make or sell things
The short way of writing "Company" in names is Co.
2 [ noncount ] being with a person or people
to be or go with someone
com • pa • ra • ble / ' kampэrэbl /
similar in size or quality to something else
com • par • a • tive / kэm ' paretjv /
[count]
( english language arts ) the form of an adjective or adverb that shows more of something
com .pare Ф /кэт'рег/
( com • pares , com par • ing , com • pared )
to think about or look at people or things together so that you can see how they are different
com .par .i .son Ф / ksm'paeresn /
[ count, noncount ]
looking at or understanding how things are different or the same
com • part • ment / kэm ' pаrtmэnt /
[ count ]
a separate part inside a box, bag, or other container
com • pass / ' kлmpэs /
1 ( geography ) a thing for finding direction, with a needle that always points north
compass
Jfw southeast
northeast
east
south
north
northwest
west
southwest
2 ( math ) an instrument with two long thin parts joined
together at the top that is used for drawing circles
com • pas • sion / kэm' pajn /
[noncount]
the strong feeling that you have when you understand and feel sorry for someone who is suffering
com • pat • i • ble A^fl / kэm'patэbl /
able to exist or be used together
com • pat • i • bil • i • ty А^Д / kэm|patэ ' bibti /
com • pen • sate aw / ' kampэnseIt /
( com • pen sates , com pen • sat ing , com • pen • sat ed )
to take away the bad effect of something, or make it smaller
to pay someone money because you have injured them or lost or damaged their property
com • pen • sa • tion aw / |kаmpэn ' seijn /
money that you pay someone, especially because you have injured them or damaged their property
com • pete / kэm' pit /
( com • petes , com • pet • ing , com pet • ed )
to try to win a race or a competition
com • pe • tent / ' kampэtэnt /
having the ability or skill for something
com • pe • tent • ly / ' kampэtэntli /
com .pe .ti .tion Ф / ^amps'tijn/
1 [ count ] a game or test that people try to win
entered the painting competition and won first prize.
[ noncount ] trying to win or be better than someone else
com • pet • i • tive / kэm ' petstiv /
in which people or organizations compete against each other
wanting to win or be better than other people
com • pet • i • tor / kэm' petatar /
a person, company, product, etc. that is competing against others
com .plain Ф / kom'plem /
to say that you do not like something or that you are
unhappy about something
com .plaint Ф / ksm pleint /
when you say that you do not like something
com • plete V / kom'plit /
1 with none of its parts missing
own a complete set of Shakespeare's plays.
—SYNONYM whole —ANTONYM incomplete
in every way
finished
com • plete 2 / ksm plit /
to finish doing or making something
to write all the necessary information on something, for example a form
com . plete . ly Ф / bm'plitii/
in every way
—SYNONYM totally
com • plex 1 aw / ksm' pleks / Я
difficult to understand because it has a lot of different parts
—SYNONYM complicated —ANTONYM simple
com • plex 2 aw д / ' kampleks /
a group of buildings
com • plex • ion / ksm ' plekjn /
the natural color and quality or the skin on your face
com . pli . cat . ed Ф / kampb ке.ы /
difficult to understand because it has a lot of different parts
—ANTONYM simple
com • pli • ca • tion / |kampls ' keijn /
[ count ]
something that makes a situation more difficult
com • pli • ment / ' kamplsmsnt /
com • po • nent aw / ksm' pounsnt / [count]
one of the parts that form something
com • pose / ksm' pouz /
( music ) to write something, especially music
to be made or formed from different parts or people
com • pos • er / ksm' pouzsr /
com • po • si • tion / |kamps'zijn
a piece of writing or music
com • post / ' kampoust /
a mixture of dead plants, old food, etc. that is added to soil to help plants grow
com • pound aw п / ' kampaund /
( chemistry ) something that is made of two or more parts
( english language arts ) a word that is made from two or more other words
a closed area with a group of buildings inside it
com • pre • hen • sion / |kampri ' henjn /
[ count, noncount ]
understanding something that you hear or read
com • pre • hen • sive AWL / |kampri'hensiv
com • prise AWL / ksm' praiz /
to be made from two or more things; to have things as parts
—SYNONYM consist of something
com • pro • mise 1 / ' kamprsmaiz /
[ count, noncount ]
an agreement between people when each person gets part, but not all, of what they wanted
com • pro • mise 2 / ' kamprsmaiz /
to accept less than you want, in order to reach an agreement
com • pul • so • ry / ksm' pAlssri /
If something is compulsory , you must do it
—ANTONYM optional
[ count ]
a machine that can store and find information, calculate amounts, and control other machines
con 1 / kan /
a problem that makes something difficult or less good
—SYNONYM disadvantage
(
con 2 / kan /
con • ceal / kan sil /
( con ceals , con • ceal ing , con cealed ) (
to hide something
con • ceit • ed / kan' sitad /
too proud of yourself and what you can do
con • ceive AWL / kan ' siv /
(
( biology ) to get pregnant
con • cen • trate Ф AWL / ' kansntreit /
to give all your attention to something
com . put . er Ф / kom'pyutor /
computer
con • cen • tra • tion |awL / |kansn' treijn /
the ability to give all your attention to something
con • cept AWL / ' kansept /
an idea, or a basic truth about something
con • cern 1 / kan' sarn /
to be important or interesting to someone
—SYNONYM affect
to be about something
to worry someone
con • cern 2 / kan' sarn /
[ noncount ] a feeling of being worried There is a lot of concern about this problem.
[ count ] something that is important or interesting to someone
con • cerned / kan sarnd /
worried about something
in my personal opinion
con • cern • ing / kan ' sarniq /
(
соп . cert Ф / 'kanssrt /
( music ) a public performance of music
con • cise / kan ' sais /
( english language arts ) giving a lot of information in a few words
con • clude aw / kan ' klud /
( con • cludes , con • clud • ing , con • clud • ed )
to decide something, after you have studied or thought about it
(
con • clu • sion Ф AWL / kan' klu3n /
what you believe or decide after thinking carefully about something
the end of something, for example a movie or a piece of writing
con • crete / ' kagkrit /
a hard gray material used for building things
con • cus • sion / 1эп' kAjn /
( health ) an injury to the brain, caused by hitting your head
con • demn / 1эп ' dem /
( con demns , con . demn . ing , con . demned )
to say strongly that someone or something is very bad or wrong
to say that someone must be punished in a certain way
—SYNONYM sentence
con • den • sa • tion / ^о^эп ' seifn /
[noncount]
( general science ) small drops of liquid that form when warm air touches a cold surface
con • dense / 1эп ' dens /
( con dens.es,con . dens . ing ,con densed )
( chemistry ) to change or make something change from a gas to a liquid
to make something smaller or shorter so that it fills less space
СОП .di .tiOn © / ко и1 d 11 и /
[ noncount , singular ] the state that someone or something is in
conditions [ plural ] the situation in which people live, work, or do things
[ count ] something that must happen before another thing can happen
[ count ] ( health ) a medical problem that you have for a long time
only if
con • di • tion • er / 1эп' dijbmr /
[ count, noncount ]
a substance that keeps something in good condition
con • do • min • i • um / ^аМэ ' ш1шэш /
[ count ] ( also
an apartment or apartment building that is owned by the people who live in it
con • duct 1 AW / 1эп ' dAkt /
( con ducts , con . duct . ing , con . duct ed )
to organize or do an activity
( music ) to stand in front of a group of musicians and control what they do
3 ( physics , chemistry ) to allow heat or electricity to pass
through something
con • duct 2 AWL / ' kandAkt /
the way someone behaves —SYNONYM behavior
con • duc • tor / 1эп' dAter /
[ count ]
( music ) a person who stands in front of a group of musicians (called an orchestra ) and controls what they do
a person who sells or checks people's tickets on a train
cone / koun /
[ count ]
( math ) a shape with one flat round end and one pointed end
the hard fruit of some trees (called pine and fir )
con • fer • ence AWB / ' kanfrens /
a large meeting, where many people with the same job or interests come together to discuss their views
con • fess / 1эп ' fes /
( con . fess . es , con . fess . ing , con . fessed )
—SYNONYM admit —ANTONYM deny
con • fes • sion / 1эп' fejn /
when you say that you have done something wrong
con • fide / 1эп' fad /
( con . fides , con . fid . ing , con . fid ed )
confide in someone to talk to someone about something secret or private, because you trust them
con .fi .dence ©
[noncount]
the feeling that you can do something well
in confidence
If someone tells you something in confidence , it is a secret.
con .fi .dent ©
sure that you can do something well, or that something will happen
con • fi • den • tial
/ ^а^э' denjl /
If someone tells you something that is confidential , you should keep it a secret and not tell other people
con • firm aw / kan ' farm /
( con firms , con • firm ing , con • firmed )
to say that something is true or that something will happen
con •fir • ma • tion |aWL / |kanfar' meijn /
saying that something is true or will definitely happen
con • fis • cate / kanfaskeit /
to officially take something away from someone as a punishment
con • flict 1 AW / ' kanflikt / [ count, noncount ] a fight or an argument
con • flict 2 AWL / kan' flikt /
to disagree or be different
con • form aw / kan ' form /
( con forms , con • form • ing , con • formed )
to behave in a way that other people and society expect you to behave
con • front / kan frAnt /
to think about something that is difficult or unpleasant
to stand in front of someone, for example because you want to fight him or her
con • fron • ta • tion / |kanfran ' teijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a fight or an argument
соп .fuse ф / ksn'fyuz/
to mix someone's ideas, so that they cannot think clearly or understand
to think that one thing or person is another thing or person
► con • fus • ing / kan ' fyuzin /
con .fused Ф / kan fyuzd /
not able to think clearly
con • fu • sion / kan' fyujn /
[noncount]
con • ges • tion / kan ' d3estjan /
[ noncount ]
( health ) the state of being very full of something
► con • gest • ed / kan ' d3estad /
con • grat • u • late / kan ' grretjaleit /
to tell someone that you are pleased about something that they have done
con • grat • u • la • tions / kan^rretja ' leijnz /
something you say to someone when you are pleased about something they have done
con • gre • ga • tion / |kangra ' geijn /
[count]
( religion ) a group of people who attend a particular church
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
con • gress • man / 'kangrasman / ( also con • gress • wom . an / ' kaqgras|wuman / )
con • ju • gate / ' kand3ageit /
( english language arts ) to give the different forms of a verb
con • junc • tion / kan' d3AqkJn /
( english language arts ) a word that joins other words or parts of a sentence
together with someone or something
СОП .nect Ф / ks'nekt /
to join one thing to another thing
to have a connection with another person or thing
con .пес .tion Ф /ь'пекрп/ noun
[ count ]
the way that one thing is joined or related to another
a train, an airplane, or a bus that leaves a place soon after another arrives, so that people can change from one to the other
about something
con • quer / ' kagksr /
( politics ) to take control of a country or city and its people by force
con • quer • or / ' kagksrsr /
con • quest / ' kagkwest /
[ count, noncount ]
an act of taking control of land or people
con • science / ' kanjsns /
[ count, noncount ]
the feeling inside you about what is right and wrong
con • sci • en • tious / |kanji'enjss /
careful to do things correctly and well
СОП .scious Ф / kanjos /
1 If you are conscious of something, you know about it
was conscious that someone was watching me.
—SYNONYM aware
awake and able to see, hear, feel, and think The patient was conscious during the operation.
—ANTONYM unconscious
con • scious • ly / ' kanfssli /
con • scious • ness / ' kanjssnss /
[noncount]
con • sec • u • tive / ksn' sekystiv /
con • sen • sus AWL / ksn ' sensss /
[ singular , noncount ]
an agreement among all members of a group
con • sent 1 AWL / ksn ' sent /
[noncount]
agreeing to let someone do something
—SYNONYM permission
con • sent 2 AWL / ksn' sent /
to agree to something
con • se • quence |awL / ' kansskwens /
[ count ]
a result of something that has happened
con • se • quent • ly |awl| / 'kansskwentli /
because of that
con • ser • va • tion / |kanssr'veijn /
[noncount]
taking good care of the natural world
not allowing something to be wasted, damaged, or destroyed
con • ser • va • tion • ist / |kanssr' vei/snist /
[ count ]
a person who believes in protecting the natural world
con • ser • va • tive / ksn ' ssrvstiv /
not liking change or new ideas
—SYNONYM traditional
( politics ) supporting a free market, low taxes, and old ideas about family, etc.
—ANTONYM liberal
con • serve / ksn' ssrv /
to avoid wasting something
СОП .si .der Ф/ bn'sidor/
to think carefully about something I'm considering applying for another job. We must consider what to do next.
to think that something is true
to think about the feelings of other people when you do something
con • sid • er • a • ble |awl| / ksn' sidsrsbl /
great or large
con • sid • er • a • bly AWL / ksn'sidsrsbli / adverb My apartment is considerably smaller than yours.
con • sid • er • ate / ksn ' sidsrst /
A person who is considerate is kind, and thinks and cares about other people
con • sid • er • a • tion / kэn|SIdэ ' reijn /
[noncount]
(
—SYNONYM thought
being kind, and caring about other people's feelings
take something into consideration
a word you use to show that a particular fact is important when you make a statement about something
con • sist Ф AWL / kэn'sist /
consist of something to be made from two or more things; to have things as parts
con • sist • en • cy AWL / kэn' s^nsi /
(
[ noncount ] always having the same standard, opinions, behavior, etc.
[ count, noncount ] how thick or smooth a liquid substance is
con • sis • tent AWL| / kэn ' s^nt /
always the same
—ANTONYM inconsistent
con • so • la • tion / |kans3 ' leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a thing or person that makes you feel better when you are sad
con • sole 1 / kэn ' soul /
to make someone happier when they are sad about something
—SYNONYM comfort
con • sole 2 / kansoul /
[count]
( computers ) a piece of equipment with buttons and switches on it which you connect to a computer to play games
con • sol • i • date / kэn ' sabdeit /
( con sol . i . dates , con sol . i . dat ing , con . sol . i . dat . ed )
to join things together into one
[ noncount ]
con • so • nant / ' kаnsэnэnt /
[ count ]
( english language arts ) any letter of the alphabet except a, e, i, o, and u
Look at vowel .
con • spic • u • ous / kэn ' spikyros /
easily seen or noticed
con • spic • u • ous • ly / kэn' spik^^^H /
con • spir • a • cy / kэn ' spiresi /
[ count, noncount ] (
a secret plan by a group of people to do something bad
СОП .Stant Ф / kunstont /
happening all the time the constant noise of traffic
not changing at all
con • stant • ly / ' kаnstэntli / adverb The situation is constantly changing.
con • stel • la • tion / |kаnstэ ' leijn /
[ count ]
a group of stars that forms a pattern and has a name
con • sti • tute AWL / ' kanstэtut /
( con . sti . tutes, con . sti . tut . ing, con sti tut . ed )
to be one of the parts that form something
con • sti • tu • tion AWl| / |kanstэ 'tujn /
( also Con sti tu . tion )
[count ]
( politics ) the laws of a country, a state, or an organization
con • sti • tu • tion • al / |kаnstэ ' tujbnl /
con • struct AWL| / kэn' strAkt /
to build something
con • struc • tion |aWl| / kэn ' strAkJn /
[ noncount ] building something the construction of a new airport
[ count ] (
something that people have built
con • sul / kansl /
( politics ) a person who works in a foreign city and helps people from his or her country who are living or visiting there
con • sult AWL / kэn'sa1: /
to ask someone or to look in a book when you want to know something
/ 1эп ' sAltnt /
con • sult
[count ]
( business ) a person who knows a lot about a subject and gives advice to other people about it
con • sul • ta • tion AWB / ,kansl' teijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a meeting to discuss something, or to get advice or information
/ 1эп ' sum /
AWL
con • sume
( con sumes , con
con • sum • er AWL / 1эп' sumэr /
con • sump • tion Iaw / 1эп ' sAmpJn /
[noncount]
eating, drinking, or using something
fuel). ^^
СОП .taCt 1 Ф^Щ / kantsekt /
[ noncount ] meeting, talking to, or writing to someone Until Lauren went to school, she had little contact with other children.
[ noncount ] the state of touching someone or something
[ count ] a person you know who may be able to help you
con • tact 2 Ф AWL / ' kantrekt /
con • tact lens / ' kantrekt lenz /
(
a small, round piece of thin plastic that you wear in your eye so that you can see better
con • ta • gious / 1эп ' te^s /
( health ) A contagious disease passes from one person to another person if they are close to each other.
СОП .tain Ф / kon'tem /
to have something inside
ant
AWL
cartons packages tubes jars
con • tam • i • nate / 1эп ' ^шэмй /
( con . tam . i . nates , con tam . i . nat . ing , con . tam i nat . ed )
to make something dirty or harmful by adding something dangerous
► con • tam • i • na • tion / kэn|tremэ 'nei/n /
[noncount]
con • tem • plate / ' kantэmpleIt /
( con . tem . plates , con . tem . plat . ing , con . tem plat . ed )
to think about something, or the possibility of doing something
con • tem • po • rar • y 1 awl
/ 1эп' tempЭ|reri /
belonging to the present time
belonging to the same time as someone or something else
con • tem • po • rar • y 2 awl
/ 1эп ' tempЭ|reri /
a person who lives or does something at the same time as someone else
con • tempt / 1эп' tempt /
the feeling that someone or something is without value and does not deserve any respect at all
happy or satisfied with what you have
con • tent 2 / ' kantent /
poured the contents of the bottle into a bowl. The contents page of a book tells you what is in it.
[ singular ] the main ideas or facts in a book, an essay, a speech, etc.
con • tent•ed / 1эп' tentэd /
соп .tain .er Ф /kan'temar/
a thing that you can put other things in. Boxes and bottles
are containers
happy or satisfied, especially because your life is good
a game or competition that people try to win
con • tes • tant / kan ' testant /
con • text AWL / ' kantekst /
the situation in which something happens or that caused something to happen
( english language arts ) the words that come before and after another word or sentence
соп .ti . nent Ф / 'kantsnsnt/
( geography ) one of the seven main areas of land in the world, for example Africa, Asia, or Europe
con • ti • nen • tal / |kanta ' nentl /
con • tin • u • al / kan tinyual /
happening often
con • tin • u • al • ly / kan ' tinyuali / adverb He is continually late for work.
СОП .tin .ue O/bn'tmyu/
to not stop happening or doing something
to start again after stopping
to go farther in the same direction
con • tin • u • ing ed • u • ca • tion
/ kan ' tinyuiq |ed3a 'keijn /
classes for adults that are not part of the formal education
system
con • ti • nu • i • ty / |kanta ' nuati /
continuing without stopping, or staying the same
con • tin • U . OUS Ф / kon'tmyuos /
con • tin • u • ous • ly / kan ' tinyuasli / adverb It rained continuously for five hours.
con • tour / ' kantur /
con • tra • cep • tive / |kantra ' septiv /
[count ]
( health ) a drug or an object that stops a woman from becoming pregnant
con • tra • cep • tion / |kantra ' sepjn /
[ noncount ] ( health )
the ways of stopping a woman from becoming pregnant
СОП .tract 1 Ф / 'kantrsekt /
[ count ]
an official piece of paper that says that someone agrees to do something
con • tract 2 AWL / kan ' trrekt /
to become or make something smaller
con • tra • dict aw / |kantra ' dikt /
(con • tra • dicts, con tra • dict • ing, con • tra • dict • ed)
con • tra • dic • tion AWL / |kantra ' dikjn /
con • tra • dic • to • ry AWL / |kantra 'diktari /
con • trar • y 1 AWL / ' kantreri /
con • trar • y 2 AWL / ' kan|treri /
the opposite is true; certainly not
a difference between things that you can see clearly
con • trast 2 AWL / kan ' trrest /
to look at or think about two or more things together and
see the differences between them
con • trib • ute Ф AWL / kan ' tribyut /
a person who contributes to something
СОП . tri . bu .tion © / lumtrobvufn /
something that you give when other people are giving too
СОП .trol 1© / kon'trool /
[ noncount ] the power to make people or things do what you want
controls [ plural ] the parts of a machine that you press or move to make it work
be in control
to have the power or ability to deal with something
be or get out of control
be under control
If things are under control , you are able to deal with them successfully
СОП .trol 2© / kon'trool /
to make people or things do what you want
con • trol • ler / ksn ' troulsr /
con • tro • ver • sial |awl / kantrsvsrji /
Something that is controversial makes people argue and disagree with each other
con • tro • ver • sy AWL / ' kantrsvsrsi /
[ count, noncount ] (
public discussion and disagreement about something
con • ven • ience / ksn' vinysns /
[noncount]
con • ven • ience store / ksn vinysns |stor /
a store that stays open late and sells food and other small items
con .ven . ient © / konVinyont /
useful, easy, or quick to do; not causing problems
near to a place or easy to get to
—ANTONYM inconvenient
con • ven • ient • ly / ksn 'vinysntli / adverb Our office is conveniently located near a subway stop.
con • vent / ' kanvent /
[count ]
( religion ) a place where religious women (called nuns ) live and work
— Look
con • ven • tion AWL / ksn'venjn /
[ count ]
( business ) a large meeting of people who do the same job, belong to the same organization, etc.
—SYNONYM conference
con • ven • tion • al |awl| / ksn 'venjsnl /
following what is normal or the way things have been done for a long time
—ANTONYM unconventional
СОП .ver .sa .tion © / ^anvsr'seijn/
[ count, noncount ] a talk between two or more people
Thesaurus
talk [ count ] a conversation between two or more people, often about a problem or something that is important to you:
chat [ count ] a friendly, informal conversation with someone, especially about personal things:
con • verse 1 AWL / ksn ' vsrs /
to have a conversation with someone
con • verse 2 AWL / ' kanvsrs /
con • ver • sion AWL / kэn' vэrзn /
[ count, noncount ]
changing from one form, system, or use to another
( religion ) becoming a member of a different religion
con • vert AWL| / kэn ' vэrt /
( con verts , con . vert . ing , con . vert ed )
to change something into another thing They converted the house into offices. How do you convert pounds into kilos?
( religion ) to change to a different religion
con • vert • i • ble aw / kэn' vэrtэbl /
[count ]
a car with a roof that can be folded down or taken off
con • vey / kэn' vei /
( con veys ,con . vey ing , con . veyed )
con • vict 1 / kэn 'vikt /
( con victs , con vict ing , con vict ed )
to decide in a court of law that someone has done something wrong
con • vict 2 / ' kanvikt /
a person who is guilty of a crime and is in prison
con • vic • tion / kэn 'vikjn /
[ count, noncount ] the action of finding someone guilty in a court of law
[ count ] a very strong opinion or belief
con • vince Ф AWL / kэn 'vins /
1 to make someone believe something
couldn't convince him that I was right.
to persuade someone to do something She tried to convince me to go with her.
con • vinced / kэn ' vinst /
—ANTONYM unconvinced
cook 1 Ф/ kuk /
cooked / kukt /
cook 2 / kuk /
[count]
a person who cooks
cook • book / ' kukbuk /
a book that has instructions for preparing different types of food
cook .ie Ф /'kuki/
a kind of cake that is small, thin, and sweet
cook . ing Ф / 'кикщ / noun
[noncount]
making food ready to eat
the food that you cook
heat the oven/the broiler/some oil in a frying pan
melt the butter/chocolate/cheese
cook food/fish/meat/rice
bake bread/a cake/cookies/muffins
boil potatoes/an egg/water
fry/stir-fry the chicken/vegetables
grill/broil/barbecue fish/meat/steak
roast chicken/turkey/potatoes
steam rice/vegetables
microwave food/popcorn/your dinner
cool Ф / kul /
1 a little cold; not hot or warm
(
—ANTONYM uncool
not excited or angry —SYNONYM calm
(
cool 2 / kul /
to make something less hot; to become less hot
to become less hot
to become less excited or angry
cool • er / ' kubr /
a small box that you fill with ice to keep food and drinks cold
. ed)
co • op • er • ate aw / kou ' apэreIt /
(co . op . er . ates, co. op . er . at . ing, co . op. er . at
to work together with someone else in a helpful way
co •op • er •a • tion aw / koU|аpэ ' reifn /
help that you give by doing what someone asks you to do
co • op • er •a • tive AwB / kou' apretiv/
helpful by doing what you are asked to do
co • or • di • nate 1 aw / kou ' o^neit /
( co . or . di . nates , co . or . di nat . ing , co . or . di . nat . ed )
to organize different things or people so that they work well together
►co • or • di • na • tor AWB / kou ' o^neitar /
[count]
co • or • di • nate 2 aw / kou ' o^rat /
[count]
( geography ) one of the two numbers or letters that are used to find a position on a map
co • or • di •na • tion |awL / ko^o^ 'neijn /
1 the organization of different people or things so that they work well together
2 the ability to control the movements of your body well
cop / kap /
a police officer
cope / koup /
to deal with something, although it is difficult
cop • ies, cop • ied
cop • per / ' kapэr /
( chemistry ) a common metal with a color between brown and red
COP -У 1Ф/ 'kapi/
a thing that is made to look exactly like another thing This isn't a real Van Gogh painting. It's only a copy. The secretary made two copies of the letter.
one example of a book or newspaper
cop .y 2 Ф/ 'kapi /
to write, draw, or make something exactly the same as something else
to do or try to do the same as someone else
—SYNONYM imitate
to cheat by looking at someone else's work and writing down what they have written
cop • y • right / ' kapi,rait /
the legal right to be the only person who can print, copy, etc. a piece of writing, music, or other work
cor•al / ' korel /
[noncount]
( biology ) a hard red, pink, or white substance that forms in the ocean from the bones of very small animals
cord / kord /
[count]
a piece of wire covered with plastic, which carries electricity to electrical equipment
strong, thick string
cor • du • roy / ' kordaroi /
core AWL| / kor /
the middle part of some kinds of fruit, where the seeds are
the central or most important part of something Environmental protection is at the core of our policies.
the central part of an object
►core
cork / kork /
[ noncount ] a light, soft material that comes from the outside of a particular tree
[ count ] a round piece of cork that you put in a bottle
to close it
cork • screw / ' kork|skru /
a thing that you use for pulling corks out of bottles
/ |korpa ' reijn /
corn / korn /
сог . пег ф / 'kornar /
a place where two lines, walls, or roads meet
corn • flakes / kornfleiks /
small pieces of dried food that you eat with milk for breakfast
corn • y / ' korni /
used, seen, heard, etc. too often to be interesting
cor • po • rate AWL / ' korparat /
( business ) connected with a big company or group of
companies
cor • po • ra • tion |аД
[ count ]
( business ) a big company
corpse / korps /
the body of a dead person
сог . rect 1 © / ko'rrkt /
right or true; with no mistakes
—ANTONYM incorrect
cor • rect • ly / ka ' rektli / adverb Have I spelled your name correctly? —ANTONYM incorrectly
СОГ . rect 2 Ф/ b'rekt /
to show where the mistakes are in something and make it right
cor • rec • tion / ka ' rekjn /
[count]
cor • re • spond aw / |kora ' spand /
( cor • re•sponds , cor • re spond • ing , cor • re•spond • ed )
to be the same, or almost the same, as something
to write letters to and receive them from someone
cor • re • spon • dence awl
/ |kora 'spandans /
cor • re • spond • ent / |kora ' spandant /
a person who reports news or writes articles for a newspaper, etc.
cor • ri • dor / koradar /
[count]
a long, narrow part inside a building with rooms on each side of it
cor • rupt / ka ' rApt /
doing or involving illegal or dishonest things in order to get
money or some other advantage
cor • rupt
cor • rup • tion / ka' rApJn /
[noncount]
behavior that is illegal or dishonest, especially by people in official positions
cos • met • ic / kaz ' metik /
used or done in order to make your face or body more
attractive
cos • met • ics / kaz' metiks /
special powders or creams that you use on your face to make yourself more attractive
cost 1 Ф / kost /
[ count ] the money that you have to pay for something
for food, clothes, and somewhere to live )
Thesaurus
price the money that you have to pay to buy something:
fee the money you pay to go into a place, or for professional advice or services from doctors, lawyers, colleges, etc.:
expense the money you spend on something, or something that makes you spend money:
[ singular , noncount ] what you lose or give to have another thing
no matter what you must do to make it happen
cost 2 Ф / kost /
to have the price of
to make you lose something One mistake cost him his job.
cost • ly / ' kostli /
costing a lot of money
—SYNONYM expensive
cos • tume / ' kastum /
the special clothes that people wear to look like a different person, animal, or thing
cot • tage / ' katid3 /
a small house in the country
COt .ton Ф / 'katn/
[ noncount ]
a natural cloth that is made from the soft white hairs around the seeds of a plant that grows in hot countries
soft, light material made from cotton that you often use for cleaning your skin
cot • ton can • dy / |katn ' krendi /
a type of soft, sticky candy made from melted sugar and served on a stick
couch / kautj /
a long, comfortable seat for two or more people to sit on
—SYNONYM sofa ,
cou • gar / ' kugsr /
a large wild cat that lives in western North America —SYNONYM mountain lion
cough l©/kof/
(coughs,cough . ing ,coughed) Pronunciation
The word cough sounds like off .
to send air out of your throat with a sudden loud noise
cough 2 / kof /
when you send air out of your throat with a sudden loud noise
( health ) an illness that makes you cough a lot
could Ф / ksd ; kud /
The word could sounds like good , because we don't say the letter l in this word.
1 the word for "can" in the past
could hear the birds singing.
a word that shows what is or may be possible
a word that you use to ask something in a polite way
a word that you use to make a suggestion We could go out to dinner tonight if you're free. Grammar
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
could • n't / ' kudnt /
could've / ' kudsv /
coun • cil / ' kaunsl /
a group of people who are chosen to work together and to
make rules and decide things
coun • sel / ' kaunsl /
to give professional advice and help to someone with a problem
a person whose job is to give professional advice
coun • sel • ing / ' kaunsэlщ /
COUIlt 1 © / kaunt /
to say numbers one after the other in the correct order
to look at people or things to see how many there are
to include someone or something when you are finding a total
to be important or accepted Every point in this game counts.
count 2 / kaunt /
a time when you count things
keep count of something
to know how many there are of something
lose count
count • a • ble noun / ' kauntэbl |naun /
[ count ]
count • down / kauntdaun /
the act of saying numbers backward to zero just before something important happens
coun • ter / ' kauntэr /
a long, high table in a kitchen where you prepare food or eat
a long, high table in a store, bar, hotel, etc. that is between the people who work there and the customers
coun • ter • clock • wise / |kauntэr ' klakwaiz
in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock
—ANTONYM clockwise
coun • ter • feit / ' kauntэrfIt /
not real, but copied so that it looks like the real thing
count • less / ' kauntbs /
very many
count noun / ' kaunt naun /
( also count . a . ble noun )
( english language arts ) Count nouns are ones that
you can use in the plural or with "a" or "an"
COUn .try Ф/ 'Lmtri /
[ count ] ( geography , politics ) an area of land with its own people and government
the country [ noncount ] land that is away from towns and cities
coun • try mu • sic / 'Lmtri myuzik /
( also coun . try and west . ern / |kAntri э^ ' westэrn / )
( music ) a type of popular music based on music from the southern and western U.S.
coun • try • side / ' bmtrisaid /
land with fields, woods, farms, etc. that is away from towns and cities
COUn .ty © / 'kaunti/
( politics ) one part of a state that has its own local government
coup / ku /
( politics ) a situation where a group of people suddenly
take control of a government by force
cou • ple © AWL / ' kApl /
1 a couple [ singular ] two or a small number of people or things
invited a couple of friends over for lunch. I'll be back in a couple of minutes.
[ count ] two people who are married or in a romantic relationship
cou • pon / ' kupan ; ' kyupan /
cour • age / ' kэrIdз /
not being afraid, or not showing that you are afraid when
you do something dangerous or difficult
—SYNONYM bravery
► cou • ra • geous / kэ ' reIdзэs /
cour • i • er / Ъэг1эг ; ' ^йэг/
a person whose job is to deliver important papers,
packages, etc. somewhere
course Ф / kors /
[ count ] a set of classes on a certain subject He's taking a course in computer programming.
[ count ] one separate part of a meal
[ count ] ( sports ) a piece of ground for some sports
[ noncount ] the direction that something moves in
[ noncount ] the time when something is happening His cell phone rang six times during the course of dinner.
of course
certainly
COUrt Ф /kort/
[ count, noncount ] the place where a judge or a group of people (called a jury ) decide if a person has done something wrong, and what the punishment will be
[ count ] ( sports ) a piece of ground where you can play certain sports
stadium a large place with seats around the sides where you can watch sports:
track an area with a special surface for people or cars to have races on:
cour • te • ous / ' 1эг^ /
polite and showing respect for other people
cour • te • sy / ' ka-tsssi /
[ noncount ]
polite behavior that shows respect for other people
court • house / korthaus /
court • room / ' kortrum /
court • yard / ' kortyard /
an open space without a roof, inside a building or between buildings
COV .er 1©/ 'клуэг/
to put one thing over another thing to hide it or to keep it safe or warm
to be all over something or someone
to include or to deal with something
COV . er 2 Ф / 'клуэг /
a thing that you put over another thing, for example to keep it safe
the outside part of a book or magazine
cov • er • alls / ' kлvэrolz /
a piece of clothing that covers your legs, body, and arms. You wear it over your other clothes to keep them clean when you are working.
cov .er .ing © / i-wom]/
something that covers another thing
cov • er let • ter / ' kv^r ,letar /
a letter that you send with a package or document that gives
more information about it
COW Ф / kau /
Meat from a cow is called beef and meat from a calf is called veal .
1 horn
* -iu
cow bull
cow • ard / ' ka^rd /
a person who is afraid when there is danger or a problem cow • ard • ly / ' ka^^li /
cow • boy / ' kauboi /
a man who rides a horse and whose job is to take care of cows
cow • girl / ' kaugэrl /
a woman who rides a horse and whose job is to take care of cows
co • work • er / ' kouwэrkэr /
someone who works with you, doing the same kind of job as you
coy • o • te
/ kai ' outi /
a wild dog that lives mainly in western North America
co • Zy / ' kouzi /
warm and comfortable
crab / krreb/
an animal that lives in and near the ocean. It has a hard shell and ten legs.
crack © / kraek /
( cracks , crack ing , cracked )
to break, but not into separate pieces
Thesaurus
crack (used about something hard) to break so that a line appears, but without dividing into smaller pieces; to break something in this way:
snap to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break something in this way:
to make a sudden loud noise
crack down on someone or something to become stricter when dealing with bad or illegal behavior
crack 2 / krrek/
a thin line on something where it has broken, but not into separate pieces
a narrow space between two things or two parts of something
a sudden loud noise
crack • down / ' krrekdaun /
action to stop bad or illegal behavior
crack • er / ' krrekar /
a thin, dry type of bread that you can eat with cheese
crack • le / krrekl /
to make a lot of short sharp sounds
cra • dle / ' kreidl /
a small bed for a baby, which can be moved from side to side
craft / krreft /
a job or activity for which you need skill with your hands
crafts • man / ' krreftsman/
craft • y / krrefti /
good at getting what you want in a way that is not completely honest
cram / krrem /
to push too many people or things into a small space
to study and try to learn a lot a short time before a test or exam
cramp / krremp/
( health ) a sudden pain that you get in a muscle, for example in your leg, or in your stomach
cramped / krrempt /
not having enough space
cran • ber • ry / krren|beri /
a small red fruit with a sharp taste that grows on a bush
crane / krein /
a big machine with a long metal arm for lifting heavy things
crash 14?/ krsej/
1 to have an accident in a car or other vehicle and hit something
crashed my father's car.
to fall or hit something with a loud noise
( computers ) If a computer crashes , it suddenly stops working.
( business ) (used about money or business) to suddenly lose value or fail
crash
an accident when something that is moving hits another thing
a loud noise when something falls or hits another thing
3 ( business ) (used about money or business) a sudden fall in the value or price of something
crate / kreit /
a big box for carrying bottles or other things
cra • ter / ' kreitsr /
the hole in the top of a volcano —Look
a large hole in the ground, caused by something large hitting it
crawl 1 / krol /
to move slowly on your hands and knees, or with your body
close to the ground
crawl 2 / krol / the crawl
cray • on / ' kreian /
( art ) a soft, thick pencil that comes in many colors
craze / kreiz /
something that a lot of people are very interested in
СГа . Zy © / kreizi /
stupid; not sensible
very angry
If you are crazy about something or someone, you like it or them very much
( health ) sick in your mind He's acting like he's totally crazy.
like crazy
creak / krik /
to make a noise like a door that needs oil, or like an old wooden floor when you walk on it ►creak
cream i Ф / ыт/ noun
[ noncount ] the thick liquid on the top of milk
[ count, noncount ] a thick liquid that you put on your skin, for example to keep it soft
[ noncount ] a color between white and yellow
with a color between white and yellow
cream cheese / |krim ' tjiz /
[noncount]
a type of soft, white cheese
cream • y / ' krimi /
with cream in it, or thick and smooth like cream
having a color like cream
crease / kris /
a line or fold in a piece of clothing, paper, etc., especially one that should not be there
cre • ate © AWL / kri ' eit /
cre • a • tion AWL / kri ' eijn /
[ noncount ] making something new
[ count ] a new thing that someone has made
cre • a • tive AWL / kri ' eitiv /
A person who is creative has a lot of new ideas or is good at making new things
cre • a • tiv • i • ty AWL / |kriei'tivsti /
[noncount]
the ability to produce new things or ideas using skill or imagination
cre • a • tor AWL / kri ' eitsr /
[ count ]
a person who makes something new
crea • ture / ' kritjsr /
any living thing that is not a plant
cred • it 1 AWL / ' kredst /
bought my car on credit .
[ count ] money that is added to a bank or other account
—ANTONYM debit
[ noncount ] saying that someone has done something well
[ count ] a unit of study at a school or college
the credits [ plural ] the list of the names of people who made a movie or television program, usually shown at the end
cred • it 2 AWL / ' kredst /
( cred its, cred . it ing, cred . it ed )
—ANTONYM debit
cred . it card Ф 'кг,-dotкш-d/
a plastic card from a bank that you can use to buy something and pay for it later
creek / krik /
( geography ) a small river —SYNONYM stream
creep / krip /
( creeps , creep . ing , crept / krept / has crept )
to move quietly and carefully so that no one hears or sees you
creep • y / ' kripi /
making you feel nervous or afraid
—SYNONYM spooky
cre • mate / ' krimeit ; kri ' meit /
to burn the body of a dead person ► cre • ma • tion / kri 'meijn /
the act of burning the body of a dead person, or the ceremony at which this happens
crept
cres • cent / ' kresnt /
the shape of the moon when it is less than half a circle
crest / krest /
crev • ice / ' l^s /
a narrow crack in a rock or wall
crew / kru /
all the people who work on a ship or an airplane
a group of people who work together
crib / knb /
[count]
crick . et / 'kniat
[ count ] a small, brown insect that jumps and makes a loud high noise by rubbing its wings together
[ noncount ] ( sports ) a game in which two teams hit a ball and then score points by running between two sets of sticks
cried
cries
form of cry 1
plural of cry 2
crime О / ьпп/ noun
[ count ] something that someone does that is against the law
[ noncount ] illegal behavior or activities The new police chief promised to fight crime . an increase in the crime rate
crim • i • nal W / knmonl /
connected with crime
crim .i .nal 2© /'knmsnl/ломя [ count]
a person who does something that is against the law
crim • son / ' krimzn /
having a dark red color, like blood crim • son
cringe / кп^з /
( cringe , cring . ing , cringed )
to feel embarrassed
to move away from someone or something because you are scared
a time when something very dangerous or serious happens
crisp / krisp /
hard and dry
fresh and not soft
(used about the air or weather) cold and dry
crisp • y / ' krispi /
(of food) hard and dry in a good way
cri • te • ri • a AWL / krai '^пэ /
the standards that you use when you decide something or form an opinion
crit • ic / ' kritik /
a person who says that someone or something is wrong or bad
a person who writes about a book, movie, or play and says if they like it or not
crit • i • cal / ' kritikl /
1 If you are critical of someone or something, you say that
they are wrong or bad
very important
very serious or dangerous
crit .i cism © / 'kntosizom /
1 [ count, noncount ] what you think is bad about someone or something
listened to all their criticisms of my plan.
[ noncount ] ( english language arts ) a description of the good and bad points of a play, movie, book, etc.
crit .i .cize Ф/ 'kntpsaiz/
to say that someone or something is wrong or bad
croak / krouk /
If a frog (= a small green animal that lives in or near water ) croaks , it makes a low rough sound.
to speak in a low, rough voice "My throat's really sore," he croaked. ► croak noun [ count ]
croc • o • dile / ' krckdail /
a big animal with a long tail and a big mouth with sharp teeth. Crocodiles live in rivers in hot countries
crocodile
crook • ed / ' krukэd /
not straight
crop / krap /
cross l Ф/ kros /
(cross es, cross . ing , crossed )
to go from one side of something to the other
to put one thing over another thing
cross your mind
(used about a thought or an idea) to come into your mind
cross something off to remove something written down, by drawing a line through it
cross something out to draw a line through a word or words, for example because you have made a mistake
cross 2 / kros /
something with the shape X or t
something that is a mixture of two different things
cross • ing / ' krosig /
a place where you can cross something, for example a road or a river
cross-leg • ged / ' kros ^дэ! /
sitting on the floor with your legs pulled up in front of you and with one leg or foot over the other
cross ref • er • ence / ' kros ,refrens /
[ count ]
( english language arts ) a note in a book that tells you to look in another place in the book for more information
cross • roads / ' krosroudz /
a place where two roads meet and cross each other
cross sec • tion / ' kros ,sekjn /
[ count, noncount ] ( general science ) a picture of what the inside of something would look like if you cut through it
[ count ] a group of people that are typical of a larger group
cross • walk / kroswok /
a place where cars must stop so that people can cross the road
cross . word puz • zle
/ ' kroswэrd ,pvzl / ( also cross . word )
crouch / krautf /
to bend your legs and back so that your body is close to the ground
a game where you have to write words in square spaces across and down the page
crow / krou /
a large black bird that makes a loud noise
crowd 14?/ kraud /
a lot of people together
crowd 2 / kraud /
to come together in a big group
full of people
crown 1 / kraun /
a circle made of valuable metal and stones (called jewels ) that a king or queen wears on his or her head
crown 2 / kraun /
to put a crown on the head of a new king or queen in an official ceremony
—SYNONYM critical
crude / krud /
simple and not showing much skill or care
rude in a way that many people do not like
crude oil / |krud ' oil /
oil that is in its natural state, before it is treated with chemicals
CrU .el Ф / krusl/
A person who is cruel is unkind and likes to hurt other people or animals
► cru • el • ly / ' kruali /
cru • el • ty / ' krualti /
behavior that is unkind and hurts other people or animals
cruise 1 / kruz /
a vacation when you travel on a ship and visit different places
cruise 2 / kruz /
to travel on a ship as a vacation, visiting different places
to stay at the same speed in a car, plane, etc.
crumb / krAm /
a very small piece of bread, cake, or cookie
crum • ble / ' krAmbl /
crum • ple / ' krAmpl /
to be crushed or to crush something into a smaller shape
crunch / krAntJ /
(crunch •es , crunch • ing , crunched )
to make a loud noise when you eat something that is hard
to make a noise like the sound of something being crushed
crunch • y / ' krAntJi /
hard and dry, so that it makes a noise when you eat it or walk on it
crush Ф / krAj /
(crush es , crush • ing , crushed )
to press something very hard so that you break or damage it
crust / krAst /
[count]
the hard part on the outside of bread
a hard layer or surface around something soft or liquid
crus • ta • cean / w steijn /
[ count ]
( biology ) any animal with a soft body in several sections and covered with a hard shell
crustaceans
crab lobster
crutch / krAtf /
a long stick that you put under your arm to help you walk
when you have hurt your leg
СГу 1 Ф / krai /
to have drops of water falling from your eyes because you are unhappy or hurt
to shout or make a loud noise
cry 2 / krai /
a loud noise that you make to show strong feelings such as
pain, fear, or excitement
crys • tal / ' kristl /
[ count ] ( chemistry ) a shape that some substances make when they become solid
[ count, noncount ] a kind of rock that looks like glass
[ noncount ] very good quality glass
cub / kAb /
a young animal, such as a young lion or bear
cube 1 / kyub /
( math)
a shape like a box with six square sides all the same size
the number that you get if you multiply a number by itself twice
cube 2 / kyub /
( math ) to multiply a number by itself twice
cu • bi • cle / ' kyubikl /
a small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room
cu • cum • ber / ' kyu|L\mbsr /
a long vegetable with a green skin, which we often eat in salads
cud • dle / ' kAdl /
( cud • dles , cud • dling , cud • dled )
to hold someone or something in your arms to show love
—SYNONYM hug
cud • dly / ' kAdli /
soft and pleasant to hold close to you
cue / kyu /
a word or movement that is a signal for someone else to say or do something
cuff / kAf /
the end part of a sleeve, near your hand
cul • prit / ' kAlprst /
a person who has done something wrong
cult / kAlt /
( religion ) a type of religious group, especially one that is
considered unusual
cul • ti • vate / kAltsveit /
to use land for growing plants
to try to get someone's friendship or support
► cul • ti • va • tion / |kAlts 'veijn /
cul • tur • al AWL| / ' kAltJsrsl /
connected with the ideas, customs, and way of life of a group of people or a country
connected with art, music, or literature
cul • ture Ф AWL / ' kAltfsr /
[ count ] the customs, ideas, and way of life of a group of people or a country
[ noncount ] art, music, literature, and the theater
cul • ture shock / ' kAlt/sr Jak /
[noncount]
a feeling of being surprised, confused, or uncomfortable when you go to a country that is very different from your own
intelligent, especially in a bad or dishonest way
cup Ф / клр/
[ count ]
1 a small round container with a handle, which you can drink from
saucer
cups
handle
cup and saucer
mug
a unit of measurement used in cooking, equal to eight ounces
( sports ) a large metal thing like a cup, which you get as a prize for winning a competition
cup • board / ' kAbsrd /
[count]
a piece of furniture with shelves and doors, where you keep things like food
cur • a • ble / kyursbl /
( health ) (used about a disease) that can be made better —ANTONYM incurable
curb 1 / ksrb /
the edge of a path next to a road
curb 2 / ksrb /
to control or limit something, especially something bad
cure 1 / kyur /
( health )
to make a sick person well again
to make an illness go away
cure 2 / kyur /
( health ) something that makes an illness go away
cur • few / ' kэrfyu /
a time when children must arrive home in the evening
a time after which people are not allowed to go outside their homes
cu • ri • os • i • ty / |kyuri'asэti /
cu • ri • ous / ' kyuriэs /
cu • ri • ous • ly / ' Lym^H /
curl 1 / кэй /
to form or make something form into a round or curved shape
curl up to put your arms, legs, and head close to your body
curl 2 / кэй /
a piece of hair in a round shape CUrl .уФ/ korli /
cur • ren • cy AWL| / ' кэгеш! /
the money that a country uses
happening or used now
cur • rent • ly / ' кэ^тИ /
cur • rent 2 / ' кэтат /
air or water that is moving
( physics ) electricity that is going through a wire
cur • ric • u • lum / кэ 'rIkyэlэm /
all the subjects that you study in a school or college
cur • ry / ' кэй /
an Indian dish of meat or vegetables cooked with spices and often eaten with rice
curse / кэге /
a rude word that some people use when they are very angry
—SYNONYM swear word
a word or phrase that has a magic power to make something bad happen
curse
—SYNONYM swear
cur • sor / ' kэrsэr /
( computers ) a small sign on a computer screen that shows where on the screen you are working
cur • tain / ' кэ^т/
a piece of cloth that you can move to cover a window
curve 1 Ф / korv/
a line that is not straight; a bend
curve 2 / кэп? /
to make a round shape; to bend
curved / кэп^ / adjective
a cloth bag filled with something soft, which you put on a chair
cus • to • dy / ' L^di /
the legal right to take care of someone or something She got full custody of the children after the divorce.
the state of being kept in prison for a short time
CUS .torn Ф / 'kAstsm/
[count]
CUS .tOm .еГ Ф / 'kAstsmsr/
[count]
a person who buys things from a store or other business
cus • tom • ize / ' L^ma^ /
( cus tom • iz es, cus tom • iz • ing, cus • tom • ized )
to change something to make it more suitable for you
cus • toms / ' kлstэmz/
the place at an airport or a port where you must show what you have brought with you from another country
1 to break or damage something with something sharp, for example a knife or scissors
cut the apple in half (= into two parts ) . She cut her finger on some broken glass.
to take one piece from something bigger using a knife or scissors
to make something shorter with a knife or scissors
be cut off
cut down on something to use, do, or buy less of something
cut something down to cut something so that it falls down
to remove something from something larger by cutting
to stop the supply of something The workmen cut off the electricity. cut something out
1 to take something from the place where it was by using scissors, etc.
cut the picture out of the newspaper.
(
cut something up to cut something into pieces with a
knife, etc.
Thesaurus
cut to divide something into two or more pieces with a knife, etc.:
carve to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating:
CUt 2Ф / k-vt/
( health ) an injury on the skin, made by something sharp like a knife
a hole or opening in something, made with something sharp
making something smaller or less
cute / kyut /
pretty and attractive
(
cy • ber • space / ' saibar^peis /
[ noncount ]
( computers ) a place that is not real, where e-mails go when you send them from one computer to another
cy • cle / ' saikl /
a series of events that happen again and again, always in
the same order
cy • cli • cal / ' saiklikl ; ' siklikl /
( also cy • clic / ' saiklik ; ' siklik / )
cy • cling / ' saiklig /
( sports ) the sport or activity of riding a bicycle
cy • clist / 'saiklist /
cy • clone / ' saikloun /
( geography ) a very strong wind that moves in a circle and causes a storm
cyl • in • der / ' silandar /
( math ) a long round shape, like a tube or a can of food
cym.bal cymbal
/ 'simbl /
( music ) one of a pair of round metal plates used as a musical instrument
cyn • ic / ' sinik /
a person who believes that people only do things for themselves, not to help others
► cyn • i • cal / ' sinikl /
Dd
D, d / di /
the fourth letter of the English alphabet
D a low grade for a test or piece of work. A D is the lowest grade with which you can pass
D.A.
dab 1 / dreb /
a small quantity of something that is put on a surface
dab 2 / dreb /
to touch something lightly and quickly
dab something on something to put something on
something else lightly
dad Ф / dsed /
father
dad • dy / ' dredi /
a word for "father" that children use
daf • fo • dil / ' dжfэdIl/
a yellow flower that grows in the spring
dag • ger
/ ' dregэr /
a short pointed knife that people use as a weapon
Be careful! Don't confuse dairy and diary . You spell dairy with AI .
[ count ] a place where milk is kept, or where milk products like butter and cheese are made
[ noncount ] food made from milk, for example cheese or butter
dai • sy / ' deizi /
dam / drem /
dam .age 1Ф /'daem^/
. age 2 Ф / 'daemid3 /
to break or harm something
dam
dam • ag • ing / ' 1жшэ1зщ /
a rude word that people sometimes use when they are angry
damp / dremp /
dance 1 Ф / daens /
danc • ing / ' drensig / noun [ noncount ] Will there be dancing at the party?
dance 2 Ф / daens /
[ count, noncount ] movements that you do to music
[ count ] a party where people dance
danc . еГ Ф / 'daensar /
a person who dances
dan • de • li • on / ' drendэlaIэn /
a small yellow flower that grows wild in grass dan • druff / ' drendref /
small pieces of dead skin in a person's hair
dan .деГ Ф / demdpr /
[ noncount ] the possibility that something bad may happen
[ count ] a person or thing that may bring harm or trouble
dan .ger .OUS Ф / 'demdpros /
dan • ger • ous • ly / ' deIndзэrэsli / adverb She drives dangerously.
dan • gle / ' d®ggl /
( dan gles , dan . gling , dan . gled )
to hang down and swing from side to side; to hold something so it hangs in this way
dare / der /
to be brave enough to do something
to ask someone to do something dangerous or silly to see if they are brave enough
words that you use for telling someone very strongly not to do something
words that show you are very angry about something that
someone has done
not afraid to do dangerous things
—SYNONYM brave
dark ^-'/dark
with no light, or not much light
—ANTONYM light
A dark color is nearer to black than to white
—ANTONYM light , pale
A person who is dark has brown or black hair or skin
—ANTONYM fair
after dark
after the sun goes down in the evening
before dark
before the sun goes down in the evening
dark • ness / ' darknss /
when there is no light
dar • ling / ' darlig /
a name that you call someone that you love
dart / dart /
to move quickly and suddenly
darts / darts /
a game in which you throw a small metal arrow (called a dart ) at a round board with numbers on it (called a dartboard )
dash 1 / d®/ /
a sudden short run somewhere
a small amount of something that you add to something else
( english language arts ) a mark (-) that you use in
writing
dash 2 / d®/ /
to run quickly somewhere
dash • board / ' d®Jbord /
the part of a car in front of the driver where most of the switches and controls are
—Look
facts or information
da • ta • base / ' deitsbeis ; ' d®tsbeis /
( computers ) information that is stored in a computer in an organized system that lets you look at it and use it in different ways
date 1 Ф / deit /
the number of the day, the month, and sometimes the year
a romantic meeting when two people go out somewhere
a small sweet brown fruit that comes from a tree which grows in hot countries
out of date
not modern
date 2 / deit /
to write the day's date on something
to have a romantic relationship with someone
dat • ed / ' deitsd /
old-fashioned
daugh .ter Ф / 'dotor/
Pronunciation
The word daughter sounds like water , because we don't say the letters gh in this word.
daugh • ter-in-law / ' dotsr in lo /
[ count ] (
the wife of your son
Look
daunt / dont /
to make someone feel nervous or worried by being too big or difficult
dawn / don /
Look
day Ф/ dei /
was in Las Vegas for a few days. " What day is it today?" "Tuesday."
the time when it is light outside
3 a time in the past
on a certain day in the past
( also some day ) at some time in the future
the other day
a few days ago
used to talk about the present, especially when you are
comparing it with the past
—SYNONYM nowadays
day • break / ' deibreik /
the time of day when light first appears
day • care / ' deiker / ( also day care )
[noncount]
care for small children while their parents are working; a place that offers this service
day • dream / ' deidrim /
happy thoughts that make you forget about what you should be doing now
( day • dreams , day dream • ing , day dreamed )
day • light / ' deilait /
day off / |dei ' of /
a day when you do not go to work or school
day • time / ' deitaim /
—ANTONYM nighttime
daze / deiz /
not able to think normally; confused
not able to think normally; confused
daz • zle / ' drezl /
( daz • zles , daz • zling , daz • zled )
Prefix
de-
( in verbs, and related nouns, adjectives, and adverbs ) removing something
not alive now
no longer working because it doesn't have any power
very quiet
complete
a dead end
a street that is only open at one end
completely or very
dead • line / ' dedlain /
dead • ly 1 / ' dedli /
Something that is deadly may kill people or other living things
dead • ly 2 / ' dedli /
extremely
deaf / def /
deaf • ness / ' defms / noun [ noncount ] In old age she was troubled by deafness.
deaf • en / ' defэn /
( deaf ens , deaf • en • ing , deaf • ened )
to make a very loud noise so that someone cannot hear well
deaf • en • ing / ' defэniц /
deal l©/dil/
to give cards to players in a game of cards
( business ) to buy and sell something in business Our firm deals with customers all over the world. We deal in insurance.
deal something out to give something to a number of people
1 to take action in a particular situation in order to solve a problem or do a particular job
am too busy to deal with this problem now.
to be about a particular subject
deal 2 / dil /
( business ) an agreement, usually about buying, selling, or working
a good deal ; a great deal
a lot
deal • er / ' dilar /
a person who buys and sells things
the person who gives the cards to the players in a game of cards
dear 1 © / dir /
Dear a word that you use before a person's name at the beginning of a letter
that you love very much
dear 3 / dir /
death © / de6 /
when a life finishes
the death pen • al • ty / da ' dee
the legal punishment of being killed for a crime
de • bat • a • ble AWL / di 'beitabl /
not certain; that you could argue about
de • bate awl / dibeit /
1 [ count ] a public meeting where people with different
opinions discuss something important
Thesaurus
talk [ count ] a conversation between two or more people, often about a problem or something that is important to you:
debate [ count ] a formal discussion at a public meeting about something important, where people give their different opinions. At the end of the discussion there may be a vote:
chat [ count ] a friendly, informal conversation with someone, especially about personal things:
2 [ noncount ] general discussion about something, when
people express different opinions
de • bate
( de bates , de bat ing , de • bat • ed )
deb • it 1 / ' debit /
an amount of money that is taken out of a bank account —ANTONYM credit
deb • it 2 / ' debit /
to take an amount of money out of a bank account
—ANTONYM credit
deb • it card / ' debit kard /
a plastic card that you can use to pay for things directly from your bank account
de • bris / da bri /
pieces of something that has been destroyed
debt Ф/ det /
money that you must pay back to someone
in debt
If you are in debt , you must pay money to someone.
debt • or / ' detar /
a person who owes money
de • but / dei byu /
Dec.
de • cade aw п / ' dekeid /
a period of ten years
de • caf • fein • at • ed / d krefaneitad /
( also
(used about coffee or tea) with all or most of the substance that makes you feel awake (called caffeine ) taken out
de • cay / di ' kei /
( de cays , de • cay • ing , de • cayed )
de • cay
de • ceit / di sit /
dishonest behavior; trying to make someone believe
something that is not true
► de • ceit • ful / di ' sitfl /
—SYNONYM dishonest
de • ceive / di ' siv /
( de • ceives , de • ceiv • ing , de • ceived )
to deliberately make someone believe something that is not true
De .cem . ber Ф / disembr/ noun
[ count, noncount ] (
de • cen • cy / ' dissnsi /
moral or correct behavior
good enough; right
honest and good
de • cep • tion / di sepjn /
[ count, noncount ]
making someone believe something that is not true
de • cep • tive / di ' septiv /
giving someone a false impression
de • ci • bel / ' dessbel /
[ count ]
a measurement of how loud a sound is
de .cide © / dismd/ verb
( de • cides , de cid • ing , de • cid ed )
dec • i • mal / ' dessml /
[count]
( math ) part of a number, written after the mark (.)
We say "0.75" as "zero point seven five."
dec • i • mal point / ^essml ' point /
[count]
( math ) a small round mark, used to separate a whole number from a decimal
de .ci .sion © /disi3n/ noun
[ count ]
de • ci • sive / di ' saisiv /
able to make decisions quickly It's no good hesitating. Be decisive.
—ANTONYM indecisive
making something certain or final
deck / dek /
[count ]
one of the floors of a ship, airplane, or bus
a set of 52 cards for playing games
a wooden floor that is built outside the back of a house, where you can sit and relax
de • clare / di kler /
to say very clearly what you think or what you will do, often to a lot of people
to give information about goods or money so that you can pay tax on them or it
dec • la • ra • tion / |dekls ' reijn /
[ count, noncount ]
de • cline aw / di ' klain /
( de clines , de • clin • ing , de • clined )
de • cline noun [ count, noncount ] a decline in sales
de • com • pose / |diksm' pouz /
to be slowly destroyed by natural chemical processes
de • com • po • si • tion / |dikamps ' zijn /
[ noncount ]
dec .0 . rate Ф/ 'defereit/
( dec • o • rates , dec • o • rat ing , dec • o • rat ed )
to make something look more attractive by adding things to it
dec • o • ra • tion / |deks ' reijn /
[ count, noncount ]
something that you add to a thing to make it look more attractive
dec • o • ra • tive / ' deksrstiv /
de • crease / di kris /
( de creas • es , de creas • ing , de • creased )
to become or to make something smaller or less
—ANTONYM increase
►de • crease / dikris /
—ANTONYM increase
ded • i • cate / ' dedэlkeIt /
( ded . i • cates , ded i . cat . ing , ded . i cat ed )
to give all of your energy, time, effort, etc. to something
ded • i • ca • tion / ^э ' keijn /
[ noncount ]
wanting to give your time and energy to something, because you feel it is important
de • duct / di ' dAkt /
( de . ducts , de duct ing , de . duct . ed )
to take something such as money or points away from a total amount
deed / did /
[count]
( formal ) something that you do; an action Cleaning the house for her grandmother was a good deed.
a legal document which shows that you own a house or building
d66p 1 ©/ dip /
Something that is deep goes down a long way
-ANTONYM shallow
You use deep to say or ask how far something is from the top to the bottom
A deep sound is low and strong
-ANTONYM high
A deep color is strong and dark
-ANTONYM pale , light
If you are in a deep sleep, it is difficult for someone to wake you up
Deep feelings are very strong
deep 2 / dip /
deep-fried / |dip ' fraid /
cooked in oil that covers the food completely
deep . ly
strongly or completely
deer / dn / noun deer
[ count ] (
a wild animal that eats grass | r V 3.ntlerS
and can run fast. Male deer have horns that look like 1 branches (called antlers ).
de .feat Ф/ difit/ verb
( de feats, de . feat . ing, de feat ed )
to win a fight or game against a person or group of people
de • feat noun [ count, noncount ] It was another defeat for the team.
—ANTONYM victory
de • fect / ' difekt /
de • fec • tive / di ' fektiv /
de • fend / di fend /
to fight to keep away people or things that attack
to say that someone has not done something wrong My sister defended me when Dad said I was lazy. He had a lawyer to defend him in court.
( sports ) to try to stop another person or team from scoring in a game
de • fend • er / difendэr /
a person who defends someone or something, especially in sports
de • fend • ant / di 'fendэnt /
a person who is accused of a crime in a court of law
de • fense / di fens /
[ count, noncount ] fighting against people who attack, or keeping away dangerous people or things
[ noncount ] ( politics ) the military equipment, forces, etc. for protecting a country
the defense [ singular ] the lawyers who are representing the person who is accused of something in a court of law
/ ' difens / [ noncount ] ( sports ) the players on a sports team who try to stop the other team from scoring; the action of these players
de • fen • sive / di ' fensiv /
that protects someone or something from attack
—ANTONYM offensive
showing that you feel someone is criticizing you When she asked why he was late, he got very defensive.
de • fen • sive • ly / di ' fensivli / adverb "It wasn't my idea,"she said defensively.
de • fi • ant / di ' farant /
refusing to do what someone tells you
de • fi • ance / di 'farans /
def • i • cit / ' def3sit /
[count]
( politics ) the amount by which the money you receive is less than the money you have spent
de • fied, de • fies
de • fine AWL| / di 'fain /
( english language arts ) to say what a word means
def • i • nite Ф AWL / ' defэnэt /
Something that is definite is clear, fixed, and unlikely to change
def • i •nite ar • ti • cle / ^эпэ: ' artiki /
( english language arts ) in English grammar, the word "the"
def • i • nite • ly ® AWL / ' defэnэtli /
certainly
def • i • ni • tion Ф awl / |df 'nijn /
[count]
( english language arts ) a group of words that tell you what another word means
de • fin • i • tive А^И / di ' fimtiv /
in a form that is so good that it cannot be improved
de • for • es • ta • tion / difore ' steijn /
[noncount]
( geography ) cutting down trees over a large area
de • formed / di formd /
having a shape that is not normal or natural
de • frost / | di frost /
to make food warmer so that it is no longer frozen
to remove the ice from something
de • fy / di ' fai /
( de fies , de • fy • ing , de • fied , has de fied )
If you defy someone or something, you do something that
they say you should not do
de • grade / di' greid /
de • grad • ing / di' greidig /
de .gree Ф /dign/ noun
[ count ] ( general science ) a measurement of temperature
[ count ] ( math ) a measurement of angles (= the space between two lines that meet )
[ count ] Universities and colleges give degrees to students who have completed a program there
[ count, noncount ] a certain amount or level There's always a degree of risk involved in rock climbing. I feel sorry for her to some degree .
de • hy • drat • ed / |di ' haIdreItэd /
de • hy • dra • tion / |dihai ' dreijn /
[noncount]
de • lay 1 / di' lei /
to make someone or something late
to not do something until a later time Can we delay our meeting until next week?
de • lay 2 / di lei /
a time when someone or something is late
del • e • gate 1 / ' debgpt /
[ count ]
a person who has been chosen to speak or make decisions for a group of people, especially at a meeting
del • e • gate 2 / ' debgeit /
to give someone with a lower job a particular task to do
de • lete / di lit /
( de letes , de • let • ing , de let • ed )
to remove something that is written or that is stored on a computer
del • i / ' deli /
de • lib • er • ate / di ' libarat /
If something is deliberate , then it is planned and not done by mistake
de .lib .er .ate .ly Ф /d.ььг.мп/ adverb
If you do something deliberately , you wanted or planned to do it
del • i • ca • cy / ' delikasi /
a type of food that is considered particularly good
del • i • cate / delikat /
1 If something is delicate , you can break or damage it very easily
have delicate skin, so I use special soap.
light and pleasant; not strong delicate colors like pale pink and pale blue The food had a delicate flavor.
del • i • ca • tes • sen / |delika ' tesn /
( also
de • li • cious / di ' lijas /
de • light 1 / di ' lait /
great happiness
de • light 2 / di ' lait /
( de • lights , de • light ing , de • light • ed )
to make someone very pleased or happy
de • light • ed / di 'laitad /
de • light • ful / di ' laitfl /
de .liv .er Ф / dihw verb
( de • liv ers , de • liv • er • ing , de • liv • ered )
to take something to the place where it must go The mailman delivered two letters this morning. We deliver free within the local area.
to help a mother to give birth to her baby
de • liv • er • y / di ' livari /
[ count, noncount ] (
the act of taking something to the place where it must go
the process of giving birth to a baby
del • ta / ' delta /
( geography ) an area of land where a river divides into smaller rivers flowing toward the ocean
of extremely high quality and more expensive than usual
de • mand W / dimaend /
saying strongly that you must have something
in demand
wanted by a lot of people
de • mand 2© / dimaend/
de • mand • ing / di ' mrendig /
requiring a lot of effort, care, skill, etc.
(used about a person) always wanting attention or expecting things from other people
dem • o / ' demou /
de • moc • ra • cy / di ' makrasi /
(
[ noncount ] a system of government where the people choose their leader by voting
[ count ] a country with a government that the people choose
Dem • o • crat / demakrret /
( politics ) a person in the Democratic Party in the U.S. — Look
dem • o • crat • ic / |dema ' krretik /
( politics )
If a country, etc. is democratic , the people in it can choose its leaders or decide about the way it is organized.
Democratic connected with the Democratic Party in
the U.S.
dem • o • crat • i • cal • ly / |dema ' krretikli / adverb a democratically elected government
the Dem • o • crat • ic Par • ty
/ da |dema'krretik parti /
de • mol • ish / di ' malij
to break a building so that it falls down
dem • o • li • tion / |dema 'lijn /
de • mon / ' diman /
an evil spirit
dem • on • strate aw / ' demanstreit /
( dem • on • strates , dem • on • strat • ing , dem on • strat • ed )
2 ( politics ) to walk or stand in public with a group of people to show that you have strong feelings about something
►dem • on • stra • tor AWL / ' demsnstreitsr /
[ count ] ( politics )
a person who takes part in a public protest
dem • on • stra • tion AWL / |demsn ' streijn /
[ count, noncount ] ( also
[ count ] ( politics ) a group of people walking or standing together in public to show that they have strong feelings about something
de • mote / di ' mout /
to move someone to a lower position or level, often as a punishment
den / den /
[count]
the place where a wild animal lives
a room in a house where people go to relax, watch television, etc.
de • ni • al aw / di ' naisl /
[ count ] a statement that something is not true
[ noncount ] refusing to accept that something is true
The verb is deny .
de • nied, de • nies awl
den • im / densm /
[noncount]
strong cotton material that is used for making jeans and other clothes. Denim is often blue
de • nom • i • na • tor / di ' namsneitsr /
( math ) the number below the line in a fraction , for example 4 in 3/4
— Look
de • note aw / di ' nout /
( de • notes , de • not • ing , de not ed )
to mean something
—SYNONYM represent dense / dens /
with a lot of things or people close together
thick and difficult to see through
den • si • ty / ' denssti
[ noncount ] how many people or things are in a place, compared to how big it is
[ count, noncount ] ( physics ) how heavy something is, compared to how big it is
dent / dent /
a place where a flat surface, especially metal, has been hit and pushed in but not broken
connected with teeth
de • ny Ф AWL / dinai /
—ANTONYM admit The noun is denial .
de • o • dor • ant / di' oudsrsnt /
[ count, noncount ]
a substance that you put on your body to stop bad smells
de • part / di ' part /
to leave a place
de • part • ment Ф/ di part 1110lit /
one of the parts of a college, school, government, store, big company, etc.
de •part • ment store / di partmsnt | stor /
a big store that sells a lot of different things
de • par • ture / di ' part/sr /
[ count, noncount ]
leaving a place
de.pend Ф / di 'pend /
1 to trust someone; to feel sure that someone or something will do what you want
2 to need someone or something
de • pend • a • ble / di pendэbl /
that can be trusted
de • pend • ence / di ' pendэns /
[ noncount ]
the state of needing someone or something
—ANTONYM independence
de • pend • ent 1 / di ' pendэnt /
a person, especially a child, who depends on another person for a home, food, money, etc.
de • pend • ent 2 / di ' pendэnt /
If you are dependent on someone or something, you need them
de • port / di ' port /
( politics ) to force someone to leave a country
de • pos • it 1 / di 'pa23t /
money that you pay to show that you want something and that you will pay the rest later
extra money that you pay when you rent something. You get it back if you do not damage or lose what you have rented
money that you pay into a bank I'd like to make a deposit, please.
de • pos • it 2 / di ' pa^t /
( de . pos its , de . pos . it . ing , de . pos . it . ed )
to put something somewhere to keep it safe
de • pot / ' dipou /
a place where a lot of goods or vehicles are stored
de • press AWL / di 'pres /
to make someone feel sad
►de • press • ing AWL / di 'presig /
de • pressed aw / di ' prest /
de . pres . sion © [ J / diprejh / noun
[ noncount ] ( health ) a feeling of being unhappy, which lasts for a long time
[ count, noncount ] ( business ) a time when a country's economy is bad and many people do not have a job
de • prive / di praiv /
( de prives , de . priv ing , de . prived )
to stop someone or something from having something
de • prived / di praivd /
not having enough of the basic things in life such as food, money, etc.
[ count, noncount ] how deep something is; how far it is from the top of something to the bottom
Look at the picture at dimension .
[ noncount ] the amount of emotion, knowledge, etc. a person has
dep • u • ty / ' depyэti /
the person in a company, school, etc., who does the work of the leader when they are not there
de • riv • a • tive AWB / 1э ' пуэьу /
[count]
( english language arts ) a word that is made from another word
de • rive AWB / di ' raiv /
( de rives , de . riv ing , de . rived )
be derived from something to come or develop from
something
de • scend / di send /
to go down
be descended from someone
to have someone as a relative in the past
de • scen•dant / di ' sendэnt /
[count]
Your descendants are your children, your children's children (called grandchildren ) and everyone in your family who lives after you
de • scent / di sent /
going down
de .scribe Ф / di skraib /
( de • scribes , de • scrib • ing , de • scribed )
de .scrip .tion Ф /disknpjn/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
words that tell what someone or something is like or what happened
des . ert 1 Ф / 'dezsrt /
[ count, noncount ]
Spelling
Remember! You spell desert with one S . ( geography ) a large, dry area of land with very few plants
de • sert 2 / di ' zэrt /
( de • serts , de • sert ing , de • sert ed )
to leave a person or place when it is wrong to go
de • sert • ed / di ' zэrtэd /
empty, because all the people have left
de .serve Ф /dizw verb
( de • serves , de • serv • ing , de • served )
to be good or bad enough to have something
de .sign 1 Ф/ dizain/
The word design sounds like fine , because we don't say the letter g in this word.
[ noncount ] the way that something is planned, made, or arranged
[ count ] a drawing that shows how to make something Have you seen the designs for the new shopping center?
[ count ] a pattern of lines, shapes, and colors on something
—SYNONYM pattern
de .sign 2Ф^Щ/dizain/
de .sign .er Ф / dizainor/
[count]
a person whose job is to make drawings that show how something will be made
de • sir • a • ble / di ' zairebl /
wanted by many people
de • sire / di 'zarar /
a feeling of wanting something very much
desk Ф / desk /
a type of table, often with drawers, that you sit at to write or work
a table or place in a building where someone gives information, etc.
desk • top / ' desktap /
( also desk • top com • put . er / |desktap kэm' pyutar / )
( computers ) a computer that is designed to sit on top of a desk
des • o • late / ' desэlэt /
(used about a place) empty in a way that seems sad
des • o • la • tion / ^э'leijn /
de • spair / di 'sper /
a feeling of not having hope
de • spair
des • per • ate / ' despэrэt /
If you are desperate , you have no hope and you are ready to do anything to get what you want
very serious
des • per • ate • ly / ' despэrэtli / adverb He is desperately unhappy.
des • per • a • tion / |despэ ' reijn /
[noncount]
the feeling of having no hope, which makes you do anything to get what you want
de • spise / di spaiz /
hate to have a strong feeling of not liking someone or something. This word is often used in informal English to talk about people or things that you really do not like:
dislike a slightly formal way of saying that you do not like someone or something, but not in a strong way. It is more usual to say "don't like":
although something happened or is true; not noticing or
not caring about something
—SYNONYM in spite of
des • sert / di 'zsrt /
Remember! You spell dessert with SS .
something sweet that you eat at the end of a meal
des • ti • na • tion / |dests 'neijn /
the place where someone or something is going
des • tined / destsnd /
sure to be or do something in the future
des • ti • ny / ' destsni /
[ count ] the things that happen to you in your life, especially the things that you cannot control
[ noncount ] a power that some people believe controls their lives
de . StrOy Ф / distroi /
to break something completely so that you cannot use it
again or so that it is gone
de • struc • tion / di 'strAkJn /
breaking something completely so that you cannot use it
again or so that it is gone
de • struc • tive / di ' strAktiv /
causing a lot of harm or damage
de • tach / di ' t®tj /
( de • tach • es , de • tach • ing , de • tached )
to separate something from another thing that it is joined to
de .tail Ф/ diteil ; di teil
one fact or piece of information about something
with all the small parts
de • tailed / diteild ; di teild /
giving a lot of information
de • tain / di ' tein /
to stop someone from leaving a place
de • tect AWL / di 'tekt /
de • tec • tive awl / di 'tektiv /
a person whose job is to find out who did a crime.
Detectives are usually police officers
de • tec • tor AWL| / di 'tektsr /
a machine that is used for finding or noticing something
de • ten • tion / di tenjn /
[ count, noncount ]
the punishment of being kept at school after the other
children have gone home
de • ter / di ' tsr /
( de ters , de • ter • ring , de terred )
to make someone decide not to do something
de • ter • gent / di ' tsrd3snt /
[ count, noncount ]
a liquid or powder that you use for washing clothes and dishes
de • te • ri • o • rate / di ' tiris^ /
( de • te • ri • o • rates , de • te • ri • o • rat • ing , de • te • ri • o • rat • ed )
to get worse
[ count, noncount ]
de . ter . mi . na . tion Ф/ d. ьтю nam /
de • ter • mine / di ' tsrmsn /
( de ter mines , de • ter • min ing , de • ter • mined )
( formal ) to discover the facts about something We need to determine the cause of the accident.
to decide or have an influence on something
de .ter .mined Ф / di tsrmsnd /
very sure that you want do something
de • test / di test /
to hate someone or something very much
det•o•nate / ' detn^eit /
( det • o • nates , det • o • nat ing , det • o • nat • ed )
de • tour / ditur /
a longer way to a place when you cannot go by the usual way
dev • as • tate / deva| steit /
to destroy something or damage it very badly
to make someone extremely upset
dev • as • tat • ed / ' deva|steitad /
extremely upset
de . vel .op Ф / divebp/
to grow slowly, increase, or change into something else; to make someone or something do this
to begin to have something
When a photograph is developed , special chemicals are used on the film so that you can see the picture.
de • vel • op • ing / di ' velapig /
(used about a poor country) that is trying to develop or improve its economy
de • vel .op .ment Ф/ di'vrlopmont/
[ noncount ] becoming bigger or more complete; growing
[ count ] something new that happens
[ count, noncount ] a piece of land with new buildings on it; the process of building on a piece of land
de • vi • ate AWL / ' divieit /
to change or become different from what is normal or expected
de • vice © AWL / divais /
[count ]
a tool or piece of equipment that you use for doing a special job
dev • il / ' devl /
[ singular ]
( religion ) the most powerful evil spirit, according to some religions
de • vi • ous / divias /
intelligent in a way that is not honest
de • vote aw / divout/
( de • votes , de • vot • ing , de vot • ed )
to give a lot of time or energy to something
de • vot • ed AWB / di 'voutad /
If you are devoted to someone or something, you love them very much
de • vo • tion AWB / di 'voujn /
great love for someone or something
the act of giving a lot of time and energy to someone or something
de • vour / di ' vauar /
dew / du /
small drops of water that form on plants and grass in the night
di • a •be • tes / |daia'bitiz /
( health ) a disease that makes it difficult for your body to control the level of sugar in your blood
di • a • bet • ic / |daia 'betik /
di • ag • nose / |daiag' nous /
( health ) to find out and say what illness a person has
di • ag • no • sis / |daiag 'nousas /
[ count, noncount ]
(
di • ag • o • nal / dai reganl /
( math ) going from one corner of a square to another
di • ag • o • nal • ly / dai reganali /
di • a .gram Ф / 'daisgraem/
a picture that explains something
di • al 1 / ' daial /
a round part of a clock or other piece of equipment with numbers or letters on it, which shows the time, speed, temperature, etc.
di • al 2 / daial /
to use a telephone by pushing buttons or turning the dial to call a number
di•a • lect / ' daialekt /
( english language arts ) the form of a language that people speak in one part of a country
words that people say to each other in a book, play, or movie
di • am • e • ter / dai ' жшэгэг /
[ count, noncount ]
( math ) a straight line across a circle, through the center
di • a • mond / ' daImэnd /
[ count, noncount ] a hard stone that looks like clear glass and is very expensive
[ count]the shape♦
[ count ] ( sports ) a field where baseball is played
diamonds [ plural ] the group of playing cards (called a suit ) that have red ♦ shapes on them
di • a • per / ' daIpэr /
a piece of cloth or strong paper that a baby wears around its
bottom and between its legs
di • ar • rhe • a / ^э ' йэ /
( health ) an illness that makes you pass waste material from your body very often and in liquid form
di • a • ry / ' darari /
(
Spelling
Be careful! Don't confuse diary and dairy . You spell diary with IA .
a book where you write what you have done each day
—SYNONYM journal
dice i/ dais/
( also die / dai / )
a small piece of wood or plastic with spots on the sides for playing games
dice 2 / dais /
dic • tate / ' dikteit /
to say words so that another person can write them
to tell someone what to do in a way that seems unfair Parents can't dictate to their children how they should run their lives.
dic • ta • tion / dik'teijn /
[ count, noncount ]
words that you say or read so that another person can write them down dic • ta • tor / ' dikteitar /
( politics ) a person who has complete control of a country ► dic • ta • tor • ship / dik' teitarjip /
[count]
a country that is ruled by a dictator
dic .tion .ar .y © / dikjb ineri /
[ count ] (
( english language arts ) a book that gives words from A to Z and explains what each word means
did
did • n't / ' didnt /
die 1 ©/ dai /
to stop living
to want to have something very much
to want to do something very much
die down to slowly become less strong
die out to disappear or stop happening
die • sel / ' dizi /
[ noncount ] a type of heavy oil that is used in some engines as fuel
[ count ] a vehicle that uses diesel
di • et 1 / ' darat /
[ count, noncount ] the food that you usually eat It is important to have a healthy diet.
[ count ] ( health ) special foods that you eat when you are sick or when you want to get thinner
avoid/cut down on alcohol/caffeine/fatty foods staying healthy
be/get/stay healthy/in shape put on/gain/lose weight/a few pounds watch/control your weight exercise
get regular/plenty of exercise do yoga/aerobics play football/hockey/tennis go cycling/jogging/swimming
di • et 2 / ' darat /
( health ) to try to lose weight by eating less food or only eating certain kinds of food
to be different
dif .fer .ence Ф / (i.irons/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
make a difference
to change or have an effect on someone or something
make no difference ; not make any difference
to not change anything; to not be important
dif .fer .ent Ф / 'drfrent/
not the same
many and not the same
► dif • fer • ent • ly / ' difrentli /
dif • fer •en • ti • ate |awl| / f renjieit /
to see or show how things are different
dif .fi .CUlt Ф / difikolt/
not easy to do or understand
—SYNONYM hard —ANTONYM easy
A person who is difficult is not easy to please or will not do what you want
dif .fi .CUl .ty Ф / 'difiblti/
1 [ count, noncount ] a problem; something that is not easy to do or understand
have difficulty understanding German. My grandfather walks with difficulty now. to get into financial difficulties
[ noncount ] how hard something is
dig Ф / dig /
dig something up to take something from the ground by digging
di • gest / di ' d3est /
( biology ) When your stomach digests food, it changes it so that your body can use it.
di • ges • tion / dai 'd3estjbn /
di • ges • tive sys • tem / dai ' d3estiv ^m /
( biology ) the many parts inside the body that digest food
dig • it / ' did^t /
dig • i • tal / ' d^tl /
( computers ) using an electronic system that changes sounds or pictures into numbers before it stores or sends them
A digital clock or watch shows the time in numbers. dig • ni • fied / ' digrafaid /
behaving in a calm, serious way that makes other people respect you
dig • ni • ty / ' dig^ti /
calm and serious behavior that makes other people respect you
di • lem • ma / dэ'^э /
a situation when you have to make a difficult choice between two things
dil • i • gent / ' dil^n /
showing care and effort in your work
di • lute / dai ' lut /
to add water to another liquid
dim / dim /
not bright or clear
dim • ly / ' dimli /
dime / daim /
di • men • sion AWL / dэ 'menjn /
[count]
a measurement of how long, wide, or high something is
di • men • sion • al AWL| / ^э 'menjbnl /
©
height
©
length
©
width
©
depth
di • min • ish
( di min • ish • es , di
to become or make something smaller or less important
—SYNONYM decrease
din / din /
a very loud, unpleasant noise
din • er / dainsr /
a restaurant that serves cheap, simple food in an informal atmosphere
a person who is eating in a restaurant
din • ing room / ' dainig rum /
a room where people eat din .ner © / 'dinar /
the largest meal of the day. You have dinner in the
evening, or sometimes in the middle of the day
Culture
Breakfast , lunch , and dinner are the usual meals of the day.
We do not usually use "a" with the names of meals:
di • no • saur / ' dainssor /
dip 1 / dip /
to put something into a liquid for a short time and then take it out again
dip 2 / dip /
a thick sauce that you dip pieces of food into before eating
them
di • plo • ma / ds 'ploums /
a piece of paper that shows you have passed an exam or finished special studies
di • plo • ma • cy / ds ploumssi /
[noncount]
( politics ) the activity of managing relations between countries
dimensions
AWL
/ ds ' mini/ /
being able to deal well with people in difficult situations
dip • lo • mat / ' diplsm®t /
[count]
( politics ) a person whose job is to speak and do things for their country in another country
dip • lo • mat • ic / |dipls ' mretik /
( politics ) connected with managing relations between countries
careful not to say or do things that may make people unhappy or angry
—SYNONYM tactful
► dip • lo • mat • i • cal • ly / |dipls ' mretikli /
as straight as possible, without turning or stopping Which is the most direct route to the stadium from here? We got a direct flight (= a flight that does not stop ) to San Francisco.
from one person or thing to another person or thing, with no one or nothing between them
saying what you mean in a clear way
— Look
di . rect 2 © / do'rrkt /
to tell someone how to get to a place
to manage or control someone or something
to be in charge of actors in a play or a movie
di.rec .tion Ф / do'rrkjh/ noun
[ count, noncount ] where a person or thing is going or looking
directions [ plural ] words that tell you how to get to a place or how to do something
di . reCt . ly © / ds'rektli /
di • rect ob • ject / ds|rekt ' abd3ekt /
[ count ]
( english language arts ) the person or thing that is
directly affected by the action of a verb
di • rec • tor / ds ' rektsr /
( business ) a person who controls a business or a group of people
a person in charge of a movie or play who tells the actors what to dodi • rec • to • ry / 1э 'referi /
a book or list of people's addresses and telephone numbers
( computers ) a file containing a group of other files or programs in a computer
dirt Ф / 1эп: /
a substance that is not clean, for example mud or dust
dirt .уф / 'dorti /
not clean
—ANTONYM clean
Prefix
dis-
( in nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs ) not; the opposite of
dis • a • bil • i • ty / ^ ' bibti /
[ count, noncount ] (
( health ) a physical or mental condition that means you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily, or that you cannot learn easily
dis • a • bled / dis ' e^ld /
( health ) not able to use a part of your body well
who are disabled )
dis .ad .van .tage Ф/ (i.sw\R-nt.w/ noun
[ count ]
dis .a .gree Ф/ .«wgii/
( dis . a grees , dis a gree . ing , dis . a . greed )
—ANTONYM agree
dis .a .gree .ment Ф / |dres ' grimэnt /
[ count, noncount ]
a situation where people have different opinions about something and often argue
dis .ap . pear Ф/ ,<wPir/ verb
( dis . ap . pears, dis ap . pear . ing , dis . ap peared )
If a person or thing disappears , they go away so people cannot see them
—ANTONYM appear
dis • ap • pear • ance / ^юэ ' pirens /
[ count, noncount ]
dis • ap • point / ^э ' point /
(dis . ap . points, dis ap point . ing, dis. ap . point. ed)
dis • ap • point • ing / ^юэ ' pointig /
dis • ap • point • ed / ^юэ 'pon^d /
Remember! You spell disappointed with one S and PP .
If you are disappointed , you feel sad because what you wanted did not happen
dis • ap • point • ment / ^юэ 'poIntmэnt /
[ noncount ] a feeling of sadness because what you wanted did not happen
[ count ] something that makes you sad because it is not what you had hoped
dis • ap • prov • al / ^кэ ' pruvl /
[noncount]
a feeling that something is bad or that someone is behaving badly
dis • ap • prove / ^э ' pruv /
(dis . ap . proves, dis . ap . prov . ing, dis . ap . proved )
—ANTONYM approve
dis .as .ter Ф /di'ztestar/
[ count ] something very bad that happens and that may hurt a lot of people
[ count, noncount ] a very bad situation or event Our vacation was a disaster! It rained all week!
dis • as • trous / di ' zrestres /
very bad; that causes great trouble
dis • be • lief / idisbi ' if /
[noncount]
the feeling of not believing someone or something
disc / disk /
dis • ci • ple / disaipl /
( religion ) a person who follows a teacher, especially a religious one
dis • ci • pline / ' d^pim /
teaching you to control yourself and follow rules
dis • ci • pline
( dis ci . plines, dis . ci plin . ing , dis . ci . plined )
disc jock • ey / ' disk |d3aki /
( music ) a person whose job is to play records and talk about music on the radio or in a club
dis • co / ' diskou /
( music ) a place where people dance and listen to popular music
dis • com • fort / dis'kAmfart /
dis • con • nect / |diska ' nekt /
(dis con • nects, dis-con • nect • ing, dis- con nect • ed)
to stop a supply of water, gas, or electricity from going to a piece of equipment or a building
dis • count / ' diskaunt /
money that someone takes away from the price of
something to make it cheaper
dis • cour • age / dis ' kand3 /
( dis•cour•ag • es , dis • cour•ag • ing , dis•cour•aged )
to make someone not want to do something
—ANTONYM encourage
►dis • cour • ag • ing / dis ' karid3ig /
making you feel less confident about something
—ANTONYM encouraging
dis .COV .er O/dis'Lvvsr/
to find or learn something for the first time
dis • cov • er • y / di ' sLwari /
[ count, noncount ] (
dis•creet / di skrit /
careful in what you say, so that you do not cause problems for someone
dis • cre • tion / di 'skrejn /
the freedom and power to make decisions by yourself
care in what you say, so that you do not cause problems for someone
dis • crim • i • nate aw / di ' skrimaneit /
► dis • crim • i • na • tion AWL| / d^skrima 'neijn /
[noncount]
dis .CUSS Ф /diskAs/
to talk or write about something in a serious way
talk to say words to another person or other people. You talk to someone in order to give information, show feelings, or share ideas:
speak to talk to someone about something; to have a conversation with someone. You speak to someone in order to try to achieve something or to tell them to do something. Speak is a little more formal than talk :
discuss to talk and share ideas with other people about a subject or problem, especially in order to decide something. The word discuss is more formal than speak :
communicate to share and exchange information or ideas with someone. Communicate is a little formal, and is often used when the method of communication is important:
dis .cus .sion О /diskAjn/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
talking about something in a serious way
Thesaurus
talk [ count ] a conversation between two or more people, often about a problem or something that is important to you:
chat [ count ] a friendly, informal conversation with someone, especially about personal things:
dis .ease © /diziz/
( health ) an illness, especially one that you can catch from another person
dis • grace / dis greis /
[ noncount ] when other people stop thinking well of you, because you have done something bad
[ singular ] a person or thing that gives a very bad impression, making people feel ashamed
dis • grace • ful / dis ' greisfl /
very bad, making other people feel sorry and embarrassed
dis • guise 1 / dis ' gaiz /
to change the appearance of someone or something, so that
people will not know who or what they are
dis • guise 2 / dis 'gaiz /
things that you wear so that people do not know who you are
dis • gust 1 / dis 'gAst /
a strong feeling of not liking something
dis • gust 2 / dis ' gAst /
to make someone have a strong feeling of not liking something
dis .gust .ing © / dis'gAstig /
dish © / dijv
[ count ] a container for food. You can use a dish to cook food in an oven, or to put food on the table.
[ count ] a type of food prepared in a particular way
the dishes [ plural ] all the plates, cups, etc. that you use during a meal
dish • cloth / ' dijLlo9 /
a cloth used for washing dirty dishes
dis . hon .est © / dis'unost/
A person who is dishonest says things that are not true, or steals or cheats.
—ANTONYM honest
►dis • hon • es • ty / dis 'a^sti /
a small towel that is used for drying plates, cups, etc.
dish • wash • er / ' dijwajbr /
[ count ]
a machine that washes things like plates, glasses, knives, and forks
dis • il • lu • sioned / ^кэ ' l^nd /
disappointed because someone or something is not as good as you first thought
dis • in • fect / ^кэп ' fekt /
( dis in . fects , dis . in . fect . ing , dis . in . fect . ed )
( health ) to clean something with a liquid that kills bacteria (= the small living things that sometimes carry disease )
dis • in • fec • tant / ^кэп ' fe^nt /
[ count, noncount ]
a substance that you use for cleaning something very well
dis • in • te • grate / dis ' IntэgreIt /
( dis in . te . grates , dis . in . te . grat . ing , dis . in te.grat.ed )
to break into many small pieces
disk © / disk /
( computers ) a flat piece of plastic that stores information for use by a computer
a round flat object
= CD Put the disk in the CD player.
disk drive / ' disk draiv /
( computers ) a piece of electrical equipment that passes information to or from a computer disk
dis • like / dis ' laik /
to not like someone or something
hate to have a strong feeling of not liking someone or something. This word is often used in informal English to talk about people or things that you really do not like:
dislike a slightly formal way of saying that you do not like someone or something, but not in a strong way. It is more usual to say "don't like":
loathe to hate someone or something very much:
dis • lo • cate / dis ' loukeit ; ' disloukeit /
( health ) to put a bone out of its correct position
dis • loy • al / dis ' loisl /
—ANTONYM loyal
very bad and making you feel sad
dis • may / dis ' mei /
a strong feeling of being surprised and worried
dis • mayed / dis ' meid /
dis • miss / dis mis /
(
—SYNONYM fire
to decide not to think about something or someone
to allow someone to leave a place
dis • miss • al / dis misl /
[ count, noncount ]
the act of making someone leave their job
dis • o • be • di • ent / |diss ' bidisnt /
not doing what someone tells you to do
—ANTONYM obedient
dis • o • be • di • ence / |diss bidisns /
—ANTONYM obedience
dis • o • bey / |diss ' bei /
to not do what someone tells you to do
—ANTONYM obey
dis • or • der / dis ' ordsr /
[ noncount ] a messy or confused state His finances are in complete disorder .
—ANTONYM order
[ count, noncount ] ( health ) an illness eating disorders such as anorexia
dis • or • gan • ized / dis ' orgsnaizd /
—ANTONYM organized
dis • o • ri • ent • ed / dis ' orisntsd /
confused about where you are
dis • patch / di spretj /
( dis • patch • es , dis patch • ing , dis • patched )
dis • pen • ser / di 'spenssr /
a machine or container that you can get things like money, drinks, etc. from
dis • place AWL / dis ' pleis /
dis • place • ment AWL / dis ' pleismsnt /
dis • play 1 AWL / di 'splei /
to show something so that people can see it
dis • play 2 AWL / di 'splei /
on display
in a place where people can see it and where it will attract attention
dis • pos • a • ble Iaw / di'spouzsbl /
intended to be thrown away after being used once or for a short time
dis • pose AWL / di 'spouz /
dispose of something to throw or give something away because you do not want it
dis • pos • al AWL| / dispouzl / noun [ noncount ] the disposal of nuclear waste
dis • prove / |dis ' pruv /
to show that something is not true
dis • pute / di ' spyut /
an argument or disagreement between people with different ideas
dis • qual • i • fy / dis ' kwalsfai /
to officially stop someone from doing something or taking part in something
dis • qual • i • fi • ca • tion / dis|kwalsfs ' keijn /
[ count, noncount ]
dis • re • spect • ful / |disri ' spektfl /
dis • re • spect • ful • ly / |disri spektfli /
dis • rupt / dis ' r\pt /
to stop something from happening as or when it should
dis • rup • tion / dis ' rApjn / noun [count, noncount] disruptions to the bus service
dis • sat • is • fied / di 'satas|faid /
—ANTONYM satisfied
dis • solve / di ' zalv /
( dis . solves , dis . solv . ing , dis . solved )
If a solid dissolves , it becomes part of a liquid
dis .tance Ф / ' dretans /
[ count, noncount ] how far it is from one place to another place
[ singular ] a place that is far from someone or something
dis .tant © / ' detent /
far away in space or time
not very friendly
( chemistry ) to make a liquid pure by heating it until it becomes a gas and then collecting the liquid that forms when the gas is cool
►dis • til • la • tion / ^^э ' leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
dis • tinct AW Ц / di ' stigkt /
easy to hear, see, or smell; clear
clearly different
dis • tinct • ly AWL / di 'stigktli /
very clearly
dis • tinc • tion AWL| / distigkfn /
a clear or important difference between things or people We need to make a distinction between legal and illegal drugs.
the quality of being excellent or famous for what you have achieved
dis • tinc • tive AWL / di 'stigktiv /
clearly different and therefore easy to recognize
dis • tin • guish / di stiggwif /
to see, hear, etc. the difference between two things or people
dis • tin • guished / di stiggwift /
dis • tort AWL / di 'stort /
to change the shape or sound of something so that it seems strange
dis • tor • tion AWL / distorfn /
dis • tract / di ' strakt /
If a person or thing distracts you, they stop you from
thinking about what you are doing
dis • trac • tion / di strakfn /
[ count, noncount ]
something that takes your attention away from what you were doing or thinking about
dis • tress / di stres /
a strong feeling of pain or sadness
being in danger and needing help
dis • tress
( dis tress . es , dis . tress . ing , dis . tressed )
dis • tress • ing / di ' stresig /
making you feel sad or upset
dis • trib • ute AWL / di 'stribyut /
dis • tri • bu • tion AWL / |distre 'byufn /
dis • trict / distrikt /
dis • trict at • tor • ney / distrikt э' :эгш /
(
( politics ) a lawyer working for the government, whose job is to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime
diS .tUrb Ф /distarb/
to stop someone from doing something, for example thinking, working, or sleeping
to worry someone
►dis • turb • ing / di ' starbig /
making you worried or upset
dis • tur • bance / di starbans /
[ count, noncount ] a thing that stops you from doing something, for example thinking, working, or sleeping
[ count ] when a group of people fight or make a lot of noise and trouble
ditch / ditj /
a long narrow hole at the side of a road or field, which holds or carries away water
dit • to / ' ditou /
swim wearing
/
a word that you use to mean "me too"
dive / daiv
to jump into water with your arms and head first
to underwater breathing equipment collecting or looking at things
to move down quickly and suddenly
div • er / ' daivar /
a person who goes underwater using special equipment
di • ver • sion / da 'var3n /
a way that you must go when the usual way is closed
di • ver • si • ty AWL / da 'varsati /
a range of many people or things that are different from each other
di • vert / da vart /
to make something go a different way
di .vide Ф / do'vaid /
to share or cut something into smaller parts The teacher divided the class into groups of three. The book is divided into ten chapters.
to separate into parts When the road divides, go left.
( math ) to find out how many times one number goes into a bigger number
( religion ) of, like, or from God or a god
div • ing board / ' daivig bord /
a board at the side of a swimming pool that you use to jump into the water
di .vi .sion Ф /do'v^n/ noun
[ noncount ] sharing or cutting something into parts
[ noncount ] ( math ) finding out how many times one number goes into a bigger number
[ count ] ( business ) one of the parts of a big company
di . vorce Ф / do'vors/
[ count, noncount ] the end of a marriage by law
( di -vorc es , di vorc- ing , di -vorced )
di •vorced / da vorst /
no longer married
diz • Zy / ' dizi /
If you feel dizzy , you feel that everything is turning around
and around and that you are going to fall
DJ / ' di d3ei /
DNA / |di en ' ei /
( biology ) the chemical in cells that controls what characteristics animals and plants will have
dO 1 © / du/
did / did / has done / dAn / )
a word that you use with another verb to make a question
a word that you use with another verb when you are saying "not"
a word that you use in place of saying something again
a word that you use before another verb to make it stronger
/ did / has done / dAn / )
to carry out an action What are you doing? He did the cooking.
What did you do with
to make progress or develop
to have a job
to finish something; to find the answer
to be good enough; to be enough
Do or make? We use the verb do for many of the jobs we do at home. We do the dishes, the laundry and the ironing.
could do with something
do something over to do something again, usually because you did not do it well enough the first time
do without ; do without something to manage without having something
to be connected with someone or something
dock / dak /
[count ]
a place by an ocean, lake, or river where ships go, so that people can move things on and off them or repair them dock
(used about a ship) to sail into a port and stop at the dock
dOC .tOr Ф / 'daktor /
( health ) a person whose job is to make sick people well again
a person who has the highest degree from a university
doc • tor • ate / ' date^t /
[count ]
the highest university degree
doc . U • m6nt Ф / 'dakyomont /
[count ]
an official paper with important information on it
( computers ) a computer file that contains writing
doc • u • men • ta • ry / ^акуэ ' mentri /
[ count ] (
doc • u • men • ta • tion awl
/ dаkyэmэn ' teifn /
the documents that are needed for something, or that show
something is true
dodge / dad3 /
( dodg . es , dodg . ing , dodged )
to move quickly to avoid something or someone
to avoid doing something that you should do
does
does • n't / ' dAznt /
dog Ф / dog /
an animal that many people keep as a pet or to guard buildings
dogs
dog РиРРУ
doll / dal /
a toy like a very small person
dol . lar Ф / 'dabr /
a unit of money that people use in the U.S., Canada, and some other countries. There are 100 cents in a dollar
dol • phin / ' dafbn /
an intelligent animal that lives in the ocean
dolphin
area of knowledge or activity
( computers ) a set of Internet addresses that end with the same group of letters, for example ".com" or ".org"
dome / doum /
the round roof of a building
do • mes • tic aw / ds ' mestik / e
connected with the home or family Cooking and cleaning are domestic jobs.
not international; only inside one country
dom • i • nant aw / ' damsnsnt / e
more powerful or important than others
( biology ) A dominant physical characteristic, for example brown eyes, appears in a child even if he or she has only one gene (= a thing that controls what a living thing will be like ) for this characteristic.
dom • i • nate aw / ' damsneit /
( dom • i • nates , dom • i • nat • ing , dom • i • nat ed )
to control someone or something because you are stronger or more important
dom • i • no
/ damsnou /
(
one of a set of small flat pieces of wood or plastic, used to play a game (called
dominoes )
do • nate / douneit /
to give something, especially money, to people who need it
done 1
finished
cooked enough
don . key
/ ' dagki ; 'dogki /
do • nor / ' dounsr /
1 ( health ) someone who gives blood or a part of his or her body to help a sick person
an animal like a small horse with long ears
2 someone who gives something, for example money, to help an organization
donut / ' dounAt /
doo • dle / ' dudl /
to make small drawings, especially when you are bored or thinking about something else
doom / dum /
death or a terrible event in the future that you cannot avoid
door Ф / dor /
the way into a building or room; a piece of wood, glass, or
metal that you use to open and close the way into a
building, room, car, etc.
in the next house, room, or building
door • bell / ' dorbel /
a bell outside a house, which you ring to tell people inside that you want to go in
door•knob / dornab /
a round object on a door, which you use to open and close it
door • mat / ' dormret /
a piece of material on the floor in front of a door for cleaning your shoes on
door • step / ' dorstep /
a step in front of a door outside a building
door • Way / ' dorwei /
dor • mi • to • ry / ' dorms|tori /
( also
dos • age / ' dousid3 /
[ count , usually singular ]
( health ) the amount of medicine you should take and how often you should take it
dose / dous /
( health ) an amount of medicine that you take at one time
We use dot when we say a person's e-mail address. For the address ann@smith.com we say "Ann at smith dot com." on the dot
at exactly the right time
dot • ted line / ^э! ' lain /
a line of dots that sometimes shows where you have to write something
Look at the picture at line .
dOU . Ые 1 Ф / 'сЫЫ /
Pronunciation
The word double sounds like bubble .
two times as much or as many
with two parts that are the same
made for two people or things
dou • ble 2 / ' dAbl /
( dou . bles, dou . bling , dou . bled )
to become, or make something become, twice as much or as many
dou • ble bass / |dAbl ' beis /
( music ) the largest musical instrument with strings, which you usually play standing up
Look at the picture at instrument .
dou • ble-check / |dAbi ' tfek /
( dou . ble-checks , dou . ble-check . ing , dou ble-checked )
to check something again, or very carefully
dou • ble-click / |dAbi ' kiik /
( dou . ble-clicks , dou . ble-click . ing , dou . ble-clicked )
( computers ) to quickly press a button twice on a
computer control (called a mouse )
dOLlbt 1 Ф / daut/
Pronunciation
The word doubt sounds like out , because we do not say the letter b in this word. a feeling that you are not sure about something
in doubt
not sure
no doubt
I am sure
definitely
dou bt 2 Ф / daut /
to not feel sure about something; to think that something is probably not true or probably will not happen
doubt • ful / ' dautfl /
not certain or not likely
doubt • less / ' dautbs /
dough / dou /
flour, water, and other things mixed together. It is used to make bread, cookies, etc.
dough • nut ( also do . nut ) / ' dounAt /
[count]
a small round cake, often in the shape of a ring, which is cooked in oil
dove 1 / dAv /
dove 2 / douv /
in or to a lower place; not up The sun goes down in the evening. We ran down the hill.
from standing to sitting or lying
at or to a lower level
along
on paper; on a list Write these words down.
sad
lower than before
( computers ) (used about computers) not working
down • fall / ' daunfol/
when someone loses their power or stops being successful
down • hill / |daun hil /
down, toward the bottom of a hill
down • load / daunloud /
( computers ) If you download a computer program or information from the Internet, you make a copy of it on your own computer
down • size / ' daunsaiz /
( business ) to reduce the number of people who work at a company in order to save money
down . Sta i TS Ф / ^aun'sterz /
to or on a lower floor of a building
—ANTONYM upstairs
►down • stairs / ' daunsterz /
in or toward the center of a city, especially its main
business area
down .ward Ф / ' daunward / ( also down - wards / ' daunwardz / )
—ANTONYM upward
doze / douz /
doz • en / ' dAzn /
twelve
dozens of
a lot of
Dr.
draft 1 aw / draft / n
[ count ] ( english language arts ) a piece of writing or a drawing that you will probably change and improve; not the final copy
[ count ] cold air that comes into a room Can you shut the window? I can feel a draft.
the draft [ singular ] the system of making someone join the armed forces
draft 2 aw / draft / 5
( drafts , draft - ing , draft - ed )
to make a first or early copy of a piece of writing I'll draft a letter and show it to you before I send it.
to force someone to join the armed forces
draft • y / ' drafti /
a drafty room or building has cold air blowing through it
drag / drag /
to pull something along the ground slowly, often because it is heavy
If something drags , it seems to go slowly because it is not interesting
a big, dangerous animal with fire in its mouth, which you only find in stories
drag • on • fly
/ dragan|flai /
drag - on - flies )
an insect that often flies near water and that has four wings and a long, thin body
drain 1 / drein /
go down the drain
to be wasted
drain 2 / drein /
to flow away
to let liquid flow away from something, so that it
becomes dry
to become dry because liquid is flowing away
drain • pipe / ' dreinpaip/
dra • ma AVW! / ' drama /
[ count ] a story that you watch in the theater or on television, or listen to on the radio
[ noncount ] the study of plays and acting
[ count, noncount ] an exciting thing that happens There was a big drama at school when one of the teachers fell in the swimming pool!
dra • mat • ic AwL / dra 'matik /
sudden, great, or exciting
connected with plays or the theater
dra • mat • i • cal • ly AWB / dra 'matikli / adverb Prices went up dramatically.
dram • a • tist aw / ' dramatist / [count]
a person who writes plays
drank
drapes / dreips /
long pieces of heavy material that you can move to cover a
window
dras • tic / ' drastik /
having a sudden, very strong effect
dras • tic • al • ly / ' drastikli /
draw 1 Ф / dro /
( art ) to make a picture with a pen or a pencil
to pull or take something from a place I drew my chair up closer to the fire. He drew a knife from his pocket.
to pull something to make it move The carriage was drawn by two horses.
( formal ) to move or come The train drew into the station.
to attract or interest someone The concert drew a large crowd.
draw back to move away from someone or something
draw up to come to a place and stop
draw something up to write something
draw 2 / dro /
a person, thing, or event that attracts a lot of people
draw • back / ' drobrek /
a disadvantage or problem
draw .er Ф / dror/
a thing like a box that you can pull out from a desk, for example
draw . ing Ф / 'droi4 / noun
( art )
[ count ] a picture made with a pen or a pencil, but not paint
[ noncount ] the art of drawing pictures with a pen or a pencil
[ count ] the act of choosing something, for example the winner of a prize, often by taking a piece of paper out of a container
dread 1 / dred /
to be very afraid of something that is going to happen
dread 2 / dred /
dread • ful / dredfl /
very bad
dream 1 Ф / drim /
1 pictures or events that happen in your mind when you are asleep
2 something nice that you hope for
dream 2 4?/ drim /
1 to have a picture or idea in your mind when you are asleep
dreamt that I was flying.
to hope for something nice in the future
dream • er / ' dr^r /
a person who thinks a lot about ideas or plans that will probably never happen
drea • ry / driri /
not at all interesting or attractive, in a way that makes you feel sad
drench / drentf /
dress w / dres /
[ count ] a piece of clothing with a top part and a skirt, which a woman or girl wears
[ noncount ] clothes
dress 2 Ф / dres /
1 to put clothes on yourself or another person
got dressed and went downstairs for breakfast. She dressed quickly and went out.
—ANTONYM undress
to wear a particular style, type, or color of clothes
dress up
to put on special clothes for fun, so that you look like another person or a thing
to put on your best clothes
dress • er / ' dresэr /
a piece of furniture with drawers, used for storing clothes
dress • ing / ' dresig /
[ count, noncount ] a sauce for food, especially for salads
[ noncount ] another word for stuffing turkey with dressing
[ count ] ( health ) a thing for covering a part of your body that is hurt
drib • ble / ' dribl /
1 (used about a liquid) to fall in small drops; to pour a
liquid in this way
2 ( sports ) to make a ball move forward by using many short hits or kicks
dried
dri • er
form of dry 1
= dryer
dries
dri • est
drift / drift /
^r^ drin
practice for what you should do in an emergency
drill 2 / dril /
to make a hole in something using a drill
to teach someone by making them repeat something many times
drink © / dnrjk /
drank / drregk / has drunk / drAgk / )
to take in liquid, for example water, milk, or coffee, through your mouth
to drink alcohol
drink 2 Ф / dnrjk /
[ count, noncount ]
liquid, for example water, milk, or coffee, that you take in through your mouth
drink with alcohol in it, for example beer or wine
drip / drip /
to fall slowly in small drops Water was dripping through the roof.
If something drips , liquid falls from it in small drops
►drip
a small drop of liquid that falls from something
driV6 1 © / draiv/
drove / drouv / has driv . en / ' drivn / )
to control a car, bus, etc. and make it go where you want to go
to take someone to a place in a car
drive 2 © / draiv /
[ count ] a trip in a car
[ singular ] used in the name of some streets
[ noncount ] the energy and determination you need to succeed
[ count ] ( computers ) the part of a computer that reads and stores information
drive -in / ' draiv in /
a place where you can go to eat or to watch a movie while you are sitting in your car
driv • en
driv .er © / 'draivor/
driv • er's li • cense / draivsrs |laisns /
[ count ]
an official document that shows that you are allowed to drive a car, etc.
drive-through ( also
/ ' draiv 6ru /
a part of a restaurant, bank, etc. where you can be served without getting out of your car
drive • Way / ' draivwei /
a wide hard path or private road that goes from the street to one house
drool / drul /
to let liquid (called saliva ) come out from your mouth
droop / drup /
to bend or hang down
dГОР 1 © / drap /
1 to let something fall
dropped my watch and it broke.
to fall
to become lower or less The temperature has dropped.
( also drop someone off ) to stop your car and let
someone get out
to stop doing something
drop by ; drop in to visit someone who does not know that you are coming
drop off to fall asleep
drop out to leave or stop doing something before you have finished
drop 2 Ф / dmp /
a very small amount of liquid
a fall in the amount or level of something
drop • out / ' drapaut /
a person who leaves school, college, etc. before finishing
their studies
drought / draut /
( geography ) a long time when there is not enough rain
drove
drown / draun /
to die under water because you cannot breathe; to make
someone die in this way
drow • sy / drauzi /
feeling tired and wanting to sleep
drug О / di-лд /
( health )
an illegal chemical substance that people take because it makes them feel happy or excited
a chemical substance used as a medicine, which you take when you are sick to make you better
drug ad • dict / ' drAg adikt /
[count]
( health ) a person who cannot stop using drugs
drug • store / ' drAgstor /
( health ) a store where you can buy medicines and other things such as soap, newspapers, and candy
drum / drAm /
( music ) a musical instrument that you hit with special sticks (called dru m sticks ) or with your hands
a big round container for oil
drum • mer / ' drAmer /
( music ) a person who plays a drum
drunk 1
If a person is drunk , they have drunk too much alcohol
dry 1 Ф / drai /
with no water or liquid in it or on it
—ANTONYM wet
with no rain
—ANTONYM wet
not sweet dry white wine
dry 2 Ф / drai/
to become or make something dry
dry out to become completely dry
dry up (used about rivers, lakes, etc.) to become
completely dry
dry-clean / drai klin /
( dry-cleans , dry-clean . ing , dry-cleaned )
to make clothes clean by using chemicals, not water
dry clean • ers / ' drai |Ытэге /
a store where you take clothes and other things to be dry- cleaned
dry • er ( also dri .er ) / ' drarar /
du • al / ' 1ш1 /
having two parts; double
du • bi • ous / ' dubiэs /
not sure or certain
—SYNONYM doubtful
that may not be honest or safe
ducki/dAk/ duck
[ count ] a bird that lives on and near water. You often see ducks on farms or in parks.
duckling .
[ noncount ]
duck 2 / dAk /
to move your head down quickly, so that something does not hit you or so that someone does not see you
duck • ling / ' dAklig /
a young duck
duct / dAkt /
dude / dud /
a boy or man
If something is due at a certain time, you expect it to happen or come then
If an amount of money is due , you must pay it My rent is due at the beginning of the month.
ready for something
due to something
because of something; caused by something
du • el / ' dual /
( history ) a formal type of fight with guns or other weapons that was used in the past to decide an argument between two men
du • et / du 'et /
( music ) music for two people to sing or play on musical instruments
dug
dull / dAl /
not interesting or exciting Life is never dull in a big city.
—SYNONYM boring
not strong or loud
not bright
not sharp a dull knife
—SYNONYM blunt
dumb / dAm /
The word dumb sounds like gum , because we don't say the letter b in this word.
not intelligent; stupid
dum • my / ' dAmi /
a model of the human body, used for showing clothes in a store window or while you are making clothes
( informal ) a stupid person I felt like such a dummy.
dump 1 / dAmp /
to take something to a place and leave it there because you do not want it
to put something down without being careful
(
someone
dump 2 / dAmp /
a place where people take things they do not want
(
dune / dun /
( geography ) a small hill of sand near the ocean or in a desert
dun • geon / ' dAnd3an /
a dark, underground room used as a prison
dunk / dAgk /
to put something into a liquid for a short time
( sports ) (in basketball ) to jump very high and throw the ball hard down into the basket (= the round net )
du • pleX / ' dupleks /
a house that is divided into two separate homes, with a separate door for each one
du • pli • cate / ' duplakeit /
to make an exact copy of something
to do something that has already been done
du • ra • ble / ' durabl /
likely to last for a long time without getting weaker
► du • ra • bil • i • ty / |dura'bilati /
dur . inC) Ф" / dung /
all the time that something is happening
at some time while something else is happening
dusk / dAsk /
the time in the evening when it is almost dark
dust l Ф / cLvst/
dust 2 / dAst / verb ( dusts , dust ing , dust • ed )
to take dust off something with a cloth
dust • pan / ' dAstpren / noun [ count ]
a flat container with a handle that you use for getting dust
or garbage off the floor
dustpan
dust • y / dAsti /
covered with dust
du • ti • ful / ' dutifl /
doing everything that you are expected to do
► du • ti • ful • ly / ' dutifli /
dil .ty Ф / 'duti/
something that you must do because it is part of your job or because you think it is right
money (called tax ) that you pay to the government when you bring things into a country from another country
off duty
not working
working
Duty-free goods are things that you can bring into a country without paying money to the government. You can buy goods duty-free on airplanes or ships and at airports.
DVD Фу ,di vi 'di /
( computers ) a small plastic disk that you record movies and music on. You can play a DVD on a computer or a special machine (called a DVD player )
dwarf / dworf /
(in children's stories) a very small person
( biology ) a person, animal, or plant that is much smaller than the usual size
dye / dai /
to change the color of something by using a special liquid or substance
dye
a substance that you use to change the color of something, for example cloth or hair
dy • ing
dy • nam • ic AWL / dai 'nremik /
full of energy and ideas
dy • na • mite / ' daimmait /
a powerful substance that can explode
Ee
E, e / i /
each oth • еГ Ф / it|'' \(1or /
used for saying that someone does the same thing as another person
If you are eager to do something, you want to do it very much
ea • ger • ly / ' igэrli /
ea • ger • ness / ' igэrnэs /
ea • gle / ' igi /
[count]
a very large bird that can see very well. It catches and eats small birds and animals.
ear Ф / и- / noun
[ count ]
one of the two parts of your body that you use to hear with
( health ) pain inside your ear
ear . IУ ©/ эгИ/
1 near the beginning of a period of time
have to get up early tomorrow.
before the usual or right time The train arrived ten minutes early. You're early! It's only six-thirty.
—ANTONYM late an early night
earn / srn /
to get money by working
to get something because you have worked well or done something good
earn • ings / ' srnigz /
money that you earn by working
ear • phones / ' irfounz /
( music ) things that you put in or over your ears so that you can listen to music without other people hearing it
ear • ring / ' mg /
[count]
a piece of jewelry that you wear on your ear
1 usually the earth , the Earth [ singular ] this world;
the planet that we live on
the Arctic
the North Pole
equator
the South Pole
line of latitude
line of longitude
the earth
[ singular ] the surface of the world; land
[ noncount ] the substance that plants grow in
—SYNONYM soil
how, who, what, where, etc. on earth...?
used in questions when you are very surprised or want to
say something very strongly
earth • quake / ' srekweik /
( geography ) a sudden strong shaking of the ground
earth • worm / ' srewsrm /
a small, long, thin animal with no legs or eyes that lives in the soil
ease 1 / iz /
with no difficulty
be or feel at ease
to be or feel comfortable and relaxed
ease 2 / iz /
ea • sel / ' izl /
[count]
( art ) a frame that an artist uses to hold a picture while it is being painted
eas . i . ly Ф / 'izoli /
with no difficulty
east Ф / ist /
1 the direction you look in to see the sun come up in the morning
the east or the East the part of any country, city, etc. that is further to the east than the other parts
the East the countries of Asia, for example China and Japan
Eas • ter / ' istэr /
[noncount]
( religion ) a Sunday in March or April, and the days around it, when Christians think about Christ coming back to life Culture
Easter is a popular festival, with many traditions in the U.S.
People think about new life and the coming of spring. They celebrate this by decorating and coloring eggs and eating chocolate.
Eas • ter egg / ' istэr eg /
[ count ]
an egg that you decorate for Easter
east .ern Ф / 'istorn /
( geography ) in or of the east of a place
eas.y Ф/ ' izi /
not difficult to do or understand The homework was very easy. English isn't an easy language to learn.
without problems or pain
—ANTONYM difficult , hard ,
take it easy ; take things easy
to relax and not worry or work too much
eas • y • go • ing / ,izi' gouig /
calm, relaxed, and not easily worried or upset
eat Ф/ it /
to put food in your mouth and swallow it
to have a meal
eat out to have a meal in a restaurant
eaves • drop / ' ivzdrap /
( eaves • drops, eaves • drop • ping , eaves dropped )
to listen secretly to other people talking
ec • cen • tric / Ik' sentrik /
(used about people or their behavior) strange or unusual
ech • o / ekou /
a sound that a surface such as a wall sends back so that you hear it again
► ech • o
e • clipse
/ i klips /
a time when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that we cannot see the sun's light, or when the earth's shadow falls on the moon so that we cannot see the moon's light
solar eclipse
e • col • o • gist / I 'kabd3ist /
( biology ) a person who studies or knows a lot about ecology
e • col • o • gy / I 'kabd3i /
( biology ) the relationship between living things and everything around them; the study of this subject
ec • o • log • i • cal / ^э ' lad3ikl /
ec • o • nom • ic ф |awl / ^ 'namik /
( business , politics ) connected with the way that people and countries spend money and make, buy, and sell things
ec • o • nom • i • cal Iaw / ^э ' namikl /
costing or using less time, money, etc. than usual
gas )
ec • o • nom • i • cal • ly AWL / ekэ 'namikli / adverb The service could be run more economically.
ec • o • nom • ics AWL / ^э 'namiks /
[ noncount ]
( business , politics ) the study of the way that people and countries spend money and make, buy, and sell things
e • con • o • mist AWL / I 'ka^m^ /
[ count ]
( business , politics ) a person who studies or knows a lot about economics
e • con • o • mize / I ' kammaiz /
to save money, time, etc.; to use less of something
e .СОП .О .my Ф /ikansmi/
( business , politics ) [ count ] the way that a country spends its money and makes, buys, and sells things
[ count, noncount ] using money or things well and carefully
e • co • sys • tem / ' i^s^m /
eclipse
О
( geography , biology ) all the plants and animals in a particular area, and the environment that they live in
edge Ф / ed3 /
the part along the end or side of something
the sharp part of a knife or tool be on edge
to be nervous or worried
ed • i • ble / edabl /
good or safe to eat
ed • it AWL / ' edat /
( english language arts ) to prepare a piece of writing, film, etc. to be published or released
e • di • tion awl| / i 'dijn /
( english language arts ) one of a number of books, magazines, or newspapers that appear at the same time
ed • i • tor AwL / ' edatar /
( english language arts ) a person whose job is to prepare or control a book or a newspaper before it is printed
ed • i • to • ri • al 1 AWL / |eda 'torial /
( english language arts ) an article in a newspaper that gives the writer's opinion on an important issue
ed • i • to • ri • al 2 aw / |eda ' torial /
( english language arts ) connected with the work of preparing newspapers, books, etc. to be published or released
ed . u . cate Ф/ 'ed^keit / verb
( ed - u - cates , ed - u - cat - ing , ed u cat ed )
to teach or train someone, especially in school
ed • u • cat • ed / ' ed3akeitad /
having studied and learned a lot to a high level
—ANTONYM uneducated
ed .u .ca .tion Ф / ^dpi-eifn/ noun
[ noncount , singular ]
► ed • u • ca • tion • al / |ed3a ' kei/anl /
eel / ii / noun
[ count ]
a long fish that looks like a snake
ef .feet Ф / ifekt /
a change that happens because of something
take effect
to begin to work
ef • fec • tive / i ' fektiv /
—ANTONYM ineffective
ef • fec • tive • ly / i ' fektivli / adverb She dealt with the situation effectively.
ef • fi • cient / i ' fijnt /
—ANTONYM inefficient
ef • fi • cien • cy / i 'fijnsi / noun [ noncount ] ways of increasing efficiency at the factory
ef • fi • cient • ly / i ' fijntli / adverb Try to use your time more efficiently.
ef .fort Ф / ' efart /
the physical or mental energy that you need to do something
ef • fort • less / ' efartlas /
needing little or no effort, so that it seems easy
ef • fort • less • ly / ' efartlasli /
( english language arts ) EFL is short for "English as a foreign language" (= the teaching of English to people who speak other languages )
e.g. Ф /,i'd3i/
shell
egg Ф / eg /
e99
eg
( biology ) [count] a round or oval
(= almost round ) object that has a baby bird, fish, insect, or snake inside it
[count, noncount] an egg that we eat, especially from a chicken
egg • plant / egplant /
a large purple vegetable that is white inside
e • go / igou /
the opinion that you have of yourself
eight .een Ф /eitin/
eight • eenth / |eitine / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
18th
[ count ] 1 8th
was eighth in line for tickets.
one of eight equal parts of something; Vs
eight .уф / 'eiti/
80
the eighties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperatures between 80 and 89
in your eighties
between the ages of 80 and 89
eight • i • eth / ' eitise / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
80th
one of two things or people
each
words that show two different things or people that you can choose
e • lab • o • rate / i ' lrebsrst /
not simple; with a lot of different parts
—SYNONYM complicated
e • lab • o • rate • ly / i lrebsrstli / adverb The rooms were elaborately decorated.
e • las • tic / i 'lrestik /
material that becomes longer when you pull it and then
goes back to its usual size
e • las • tic adjective elastic material
el • bow / ' elbou /
the part in the middle of your arm where it bends
eld • er / eldsr /
older, especially of two members of the same family
eld • er • ly / ' eldsrli /
(used about people) a polite way of saying "old"
oldest of three or more people, especially members of the same family
e • lect / i ' lekt /
( politics ) to choose someone to be a leader by voting for him or her
e .lec .tion Ф/ ilekjn/
( politics ) a time when people choose someone to be a
leader by voting for him or her
e . lec .trie Ф / ilektnk/
e .lec .tri .cal Ф /ilektnkl/
of or using electricity
e • lec • tri • cian / i|lek'tnjn /
[ count ]
a person whose job is to make and repair electrical systems and equipment
e .lec .trie .i .ty Ф /^lektnssti/ noun
[noncount]
( physics ) power that comes through wires. Electricity can make heat and light, and makes machines work.
e • lec • tric shock / i|lektrik 'Jak /
[count]
a sudden painful feeling that you get if electricity goes through your body
e • lec • trode / i lektroud /
( physics ) a point at which electricity enters or leaves an electrical device
e • lec • tron / i lektran /
( chemistry , physics ) a very small piece of matter with a negative electric charge, found in all atoms
e . lec .tron . ic Ф / i.lrk'trunik /
( general science ) Electronic equipment includes things like computers and televisions. They use electricity and very small electrical parts (called microchips and transistors ) to make them work
( computers ) done using a computer
► e • lec • tron • i • cal • ly / i|lek ' tranikli /
e • lec • tron • ics / i|lek 'traniks /
[noncount]
( general science ) the technology that is used to make things like computers and televisions
el • e • gant / ' elэgэnt /
with a beautiful style or shape
► el • e • gance / ' elэgэns /
an important part of something
( chemistry ) a simple chemical, for example iron or gold Water is made of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
el • e • men • ta • ry / ,eb ' mentэri /
connected with the early stages of learning; not difficult
el • e • men • ta • ry school / ,eb ' mentэri
skul /
a school for children who are around five to eleven years old
Word building
In the U.S., children start elementary school when they are 5. The first year of this is called kindergarten
When children are around 11 years old, they move to middle school (or junior high school ), and when they reach the age of around 14, they start high school .
Each year of school is called a grade . When a child is around 6 years old they are in first grade , and the last year of high school is the twelfth grade .
el .e. phant
/ ' elэfэnt /
a very big, wild animal from Africa or Asia, with a long nose (called a trunk ) that hangs down
el • e • va • tion / ,eb ' veijn /
( geography ) the height of a place, especially its height
above the level of the ocean
el • e • va • tor / ' ebveitj?r /
a machine that takes people and things up and down in a high building
e .lev .en © / ilevsn/
11
elf / elf /
el • i • gi • ble / ' di^bl /
allowed to do something, because you have the right skills, you are the right age, etc.
elephant
tusk
el • i • gi • bil • i • ty / ^Ызэ'Ыэй /
e • lim • i • nate aw / I ' ^э^й /
( e • lim • i nates, e • lim i nat • ing, e lim • i • nat • ed )
to remove something that is not needed or wanted
to stop someone from going further in a competition, etc. We lost both games, so our team was eliminated from the competition.
e • lite / I 'lit ; ei 'lit /
e • lope / I ' loup /
to run away secretly to get married
el • o • quent / ' elэkwэnt /
able to use language and express your opinions well
el • o • quent • ly / ' elэkwэntli / adverb He spoke eloquently about his work.
else Ф / els /
more; extra
different
if not, then
else • where / elswer /
in or to another place
elves
e-mail
( computers )
[ noncount ] a system for sending messages from one computer to another
[ count ] a message that is written on one computer and sent to another
e-mail ( also e • mail )
have/set up an e-mail account check/read your e-mail receive/get/open an e-mail send/forward/delete an e-mail write/answer/reply to an e-mail attach a file/a picture/a document contain/open/send an attachment
e • man • ci • pate / I ' mжnsэpeIt /
( e • man • ci • pates , e • man ci • pat ing , e • man • ci • pat • ed )
( history ) to give someone the same legal, social, and political rights as other people
em . bar . rass ® / mibaeres/ verb
( em • bar rass • es , em • bar • rass • ing , em • bar • rassed )
to make someone feel shy or worried about what other people think of them
em • bar • rass • ing / im ' breresig /
em .bar .rassed О / im 'brerest /
Spelling
Remember! You spell embarrassed with RR and SS .
If you are embarrassed , you feel shy or worried about what other people think of you
em • bar • rass • ment / im' bжrэsmэnt /
the feeling that you have when you are embarrassed
em • bas • sy / ' embэsi/
( politics ) a group of people whose job is to speak and act for their government in another country, or the building where they work
em • blem / ' embbm /
an object or a symbol that represents something
em • brace / im breis /
to put your arms around someone to show that you love them
em • broi • der / im ' bro^r /
( em • broi • ders , em • broi • der • ing , em • broi • dered )
to decorate cloth by sewing patterns on it
em • broi • dered / im ' braird /
em • broi • der • y / im ' Ьго^эй /
[ noncount ]
patterns that are sewn onto cloth to decorate it em • bry • o / ' embriou /
( biology ) a human or animal when it is starting to grow before it is born
em • er • ald / ' emэrэld /
a green jewel (= valuable stone )
em • er • ald
( also em • er ald green / ^шэгэЫ ' grin / )
e • merge awl| / i 'шэ^з /
( e • merg es , e merg ing , e merged )
to come out from a place
e .mer .gen .су Ф / imordpnsi/ noun
[ count, noncount ] (
a sudden dangerous situation, when people need help quickly
e • mer • gen • cy room / i ' mэrdзэnsi |rum /
( health ) the place in a hospital where you go if you have been hurt in an accident, or if you have suddenly become very sick
em • i • grate / ' emэgreIt /
( em • i • grates , em • i • grat • ing , em i • grat ed )
to leave your country and go to live in another country
em • i • gra • tion / |ешэ' grei/n / noun [ noncount ] emigration by poor people in search of work
Look
e • mis • sions / i ' mijnz /
( general science ) gas, heat, etc. that is sent out into the air
e • mit / I ' mit /
to send out something such as gas, heat, light, a sound, etc.
e .mo .tion Ф /imoujn/
[ count, noncount ]
e • mo • tion • al / i ' moujbnl /
connected with feelings
showing strong feelings, sometimes by crying
em • pa • thize / ' empэ8aIZ /
( em • pa • thiz • es, em • pa • thiz • ing, em • pa • thized )
to understand how another person feels, especially because
you have been in a similar situation
em • pa • thy / ' empэ8i /
the ability to understand how other people feel
em • per • or / ' empэrэr /
( history , politics ) a man who rules a group of countries (called an empire )
Look at empress .
em • pha • sis AWL / ' emfasas/
[ count, noncount ] (
special importance that is given to something Our school places a lot of emphasis on science.
( english language arts ) the force that you give to a word or phrase when you are speaking; a way of writing a word to show that it is important
em •pha • size AWL / ' emfasaiz /
to say something strongly to show that it is important
—SYNONYM stress
em • pire / ' empaiar /
( politics , history ) a group of countries that is controlled by one country
em . ploy Ф / em'ploi /
to pay someone to do work for you
em • ploy • ee / em' ploii ; |emploi 'i /
a person who works for someone
em • ploy • er / em ' ploiar /
a person or company that pays other people to do work
em .ploy .ment Ф / em ploimant /
having a job that you are paid to do
Thesaurus
work the job that you do to earn money. Work is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "a work" or "works":
em • pow • er / im' pauar /
to give someone more control over their own life or the situation they are in
em • press / ' empras /
( politics , history ) a woman who rules a group of countries (called an empire ), or the wife of an emperor (= a man who rules a group of countries )
emp .ty 1 Ф/ 'empti /
emp • ty 2 / ' empti /
to take everything out of something
to become empty
-en
( in verbs ) to make or become
en • a • ble aw / e ' neibl /
( en - a - bles , en - a - bling , en - a - bled ) (
en • close / in klouz /
1 to put something inside a letter or package
enclose a check for $100.
to put something, for example a wall or fence, around a place on all sides
en • clo • sure / in ' klou3ar /
a piece of land inside a wall, fence, etc. that is used for a particular purpose
en • coun • ter 1 AWL / in ' kauntar /
to experience something (a danger, difficulty, etc.)
en • coun • ter 2 AWL / in ' kauntar /
a meeting or event, especially an unpleasant one that you were not expecting
en .cour .age Ф / mы-.^/ verb
( en -cour-ag - es,en cour-ag - ing, en -cour- aged )
to give someone hope or help so that they do something or continue doing something
►en • cour • ag • ing / in ' ksrid3ig /
en • cour • age • ment / in ' ksr^msnt /
[ noncount ]
the act of encouraging someone; something you say that gives someone hope and confidence
en • cy • clo • pe • di • a / en|saikls pidis /
a book or CD that gives information about a lot of different things
end 1 © / end /
the farthest or last part of something
end to end
finally; at last
make ends meet
to have enough money for your needs
put an end to something
end 2 © / end /
to stop or to finish something
end up to finally be in a place or doing something when
you did not plan it
en • dan • ger / in ' deind3sr /
( en . dan . gers , en . dan . ger . ing , en . dan . gered )
to cause danger to someone or something
en • dan • gered / in ' deind3srd /
(used about animals, plants, etc.) in danger of disappearing from the world (becoming extinct )
end • ing / ' endig /
the last part of something, for example a word, story, or movie
en • dorse / in' dors /
( en . dors . es , en . dors . ing , en . dorsed )
to give official support to a person, plan, product, etc.
en • dur • ance / in ' dursns /
en • dure / in dur /
to suffer something that is painful or uncomfortable,
usually without complaining
—SYNONYM bear
en .e .my Ф/ ' ensmi /
a person who hates you
the enemy [ singular ] the army or country that your country is fighting against in a war
en • er • get • ic ЦЩН / |ensr' d3etik /
full of energy so that you can do a lot of things ► en • er • get • i • cal • ly ЦЩЦ / |ensr' d3etikli /
en • er • gize / ' ensrd3aiz /
to give someone more energy
en .er .gy Ф / 'ensi^i/
the ability to be active without getting tired
( physics ) the power from electricity, gas, oil, etc. that is used to make machines work and to make heat and light
en • force aw ц / in ' fors /
to make sure that people follow laws or rules
If two people are engaged , they have agreed to get married
en • gage • ment / in 'geid3msnt /
an agreement to marry someone
en .gine Ф / 'як^эп/
a machine that makes things move
the front part of a train, which pulls the rest
en • gi • neer / |end3s ' nir /
a person whose job is to plan, make, or repair things like machines, roads, or bridges
en • gi • neer • ing / |end3s' nirig /
[noncount]
planning and making things like machines, roads, or bridges
En • glish / i^giij /
[ noncount ]
( english language arts ) the language that is spoken in the U.S., Canada, Britain, Australia, etc.
en • hance aw / in' hrens /
(en • hanc • es, en • hanc • ing , en • hanced )
to improve someone or something, or to make someone or something more attractive
en .joy Ф/ in'd3oi/
en .joy .a .ble Ф / m'dpiobl /
en .joy .ment Ф / in ' dзoImэnt /
[ count, noncount ]
—SYNONYM pleasure
en • large / in ' lard3 /
( en • larg es , en • larg • ing , en • larged )
to make something bigger
e • nor • mous AWL / I 'normэs /
very big
►e • nor • mous • ly AWL / i 'normэsli /
Pronunciation
The word enough sounds like stuff , because sometimes the letters -gh sound like f , in words like enough , rough and tough .
If you have enough of something, you have the right amount:
en • roll / in roul /
to join a group, for example a school, college, or class. You usually pay money (called a fee ) when you enroll
en • sure AWL / m'Jur /
to make sure that something happens
—SYNONYM make sure
еП .ter Ф/ 'enter /
(
to give your name to someone because you want to do something like run in a race or take an exam
to put information on paper or in a computer
en • ter • prise / ' entэrpraIZ /
a new plan, project, or business
en .ter .tain Ф / гпЬгкчп/
( en • ter • tains , en • ter • tain • ing , en • ter tained )
to say or do things that other people find interesting or funny
to give food and drink to visitors in your house
en • ter • tain • er / ^эг' tei^r /
a person whose job is to help people have a good time, for example by singing, dancing, or telling jokes
en • ter • tain • ing / ^nter ' teinig /
funny and interesting
en . ter .tain . ment Ф / entertemmsnt /
anything that entertains people, for example movies, concerts, or television
en .thu .si .asm Ф / en'Suziaezsm/
[noncount]
a strong feeling of wanting to do something or liking something
en • thu • si • ast / en'euzirest /
a person who is very interested in an activity or a subject
en . thu .si . as . tic Ф / m ou/ia-stik /
full of enthusiasm
en • tire / in ' tarar /
whole or complete
en • tire • ly / in ' ta^rM /
completely
en • ti • tle / in ' taitl /
to give someone the right to have or do something I've worked hard, so I think I'm entitled to a vacation.
to give a title to a book, a play, etc.
en .trance © / 'nitrons/ noun
[ count ] the door, gate, or opening where you go into a place
[ count ] coming or going into a place He made his entrance onto the stage.
—ANTONYM exit
[ noncount ] the right to go into a place
en • tree ( also en • tree ) / ' antrei /
the main course of a meal, especially in a restaurant
en • tre • pre • neur / |antrepre' пэг /
[ count ]
( business ) a person who makes money by starting or running businesses
en • try / ' entri /
[ noncount ] the act of going into a place
—SYNONYM entrance
[ noncount ] the right to go into a place There's a sign that says "No Entry." They were refused entry into the country.
[ count ] ( also en • try . way / ' entriwei / ) a door, gate, or passage where you enter a building
—SYNONYM entrance
[ count ] a person or thing that is entered in a competition
[ count ] one item that is written down in a list, dictionary, diary, etc.
en • Ve • lope / ' ern^loup ; ' arn^loup /
a paper cover for a letter
en • vied, en • vies
en • Vi • ous / ' en^s /
—SYNONYM jealous
The noun and verb are both envy .
en • vi • ron • ment © AWL / en 'vaIэrnmэnt /
Be careful! Remember to put N before M in environment .
the environment [ singular ] the air, water, land, animals, and plants around us
[ count, noncount ] the conditions in which you live, work, etc.
cause climate change/global warming produce pollution/carbon dioxide/CO 2 destroy/harm the environment/wildlife pollute the environment/the air/rivers and lakes/the oceans
protecting the environment
reduce/limit pollution/emissions protect/save the planet/the rain forests/an endangered species energy and resources save/consume/waste energy dump/throw away garbage/trash/waste recycle bottles/packaging/paper/waste get/generate/produce electricity from wind/solar power
en • vi • ron • men • tal awl
/ en^a^m' mentl /
connected with the natural conditions in which people, animals, and plants live; connected with the environment
connected with the conditions in which you live, work, etc.
en • vi • ron • men • tal • ly AWL| / en^a^m ' men^i /
en • vi • ron • men • tal • ist awl
/ en^a^m ' medalist /
en • vi • ron • men • tal • ism / en^a^m' mentэlIZэm /
en • vy 1 / envi /
—SYNONYM jealousy en • vy 2 / envi /
( en • vies , en vy • ing , en vied , has en • vied )
to want something that someone else has; to feel envy
en • zyme / ' enzaim /
( biology ) a substance, produced by all living things, which helps a chemical change to happen more quickly, without being changed itself
ep • ic / ' epik /
ep • i • dem • ic / ^э 'demik /
( health ) a disease that many people in a place have at the same time
ep • i • lep • sy / ' epslepsi /
[noncount]
( health ) a disease of the brain that can cause a person to become unconscious suddenly, sometimes with violent movements that they cannot control
ep • i • sode / ' epssoud /
a program on television or radio that is part of a longer story
e .qual 1 ® / 'ikwol /
the same in size, amount, value, or level as something or someone else
—ANTONYM unequal
e • qual 2 / ' ikwsl /
to be exactly the same amount as something
to be as good as someone or something
e • qual з / ' ikwsl /
a person who has the same ability or rights as someone else
e • qual • i • ty / i ' kwalsti /
[ noncount ]
—ANTONYM inequality
e • qual • ly / ' ikwsli /
in the same way
in equal parts or amounts
e • qual sign / ' ikwsl sain / )
( math ) the symbol ( = ), used in mathematics
e • qua • tion awl /1'kwei3n /
e • qua • tor / i 'kweitsr /
[ singular ]
( geography ) the line on maps around the middle of the world. Countries near the equator are very hot.
►e • qua • to • ri • al / |ikws ' torisl /
e • qui • lat • er • al tri • an • gle
/ |ikwil®tsrsl ' traireggl /
e • qui • nox / ' ikw^naks /
one of the two times in the year when the sun is above the equator , and day and night are of equal length
e • quip awl /1'kwip /
( e . quips ,e . quip . ping , e . quipped )
to get or have all the things that are needed for doing something
e .quip .ment Ф /ikwipmsnt/ noun
[ noncount ]
special things that you need for doing something
e • quiv • a • lent AWL / i'kwivslsnt /
equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.
e • quiv • a • lent
ER / |i ' ar /
e • ra / ' irs ; ' ers /
e • rase / i ' reis /
to remove something completely (for example a pencil mark, a computer file, etc.)
e • ras • er / i 'reissr /
( art ) a small piece of rubber that you use for removing marks that you have made with a pencil, pen, etc.
e • rect 1 / i ' rekt /
standing or pointing straight up
e • rect 2 / i ' rekt /
to build something or to make something stand up straight
e • rode aw /i ' roud /
(e . rodes,e . rod . ing ,e rod . ed )
( geography ) to destroy something slowly, especially
caused by the weather, the ocean, etc.
e • ro • sion AWL / i 'rou3n / noun [ noncount ] the erosion of the coastline
e • rot • ic / i ' ratik /
causing sexual excitement
er • rand / ersnd /
a short trip to do something, for example to buy something at a store
er • rat • ic / i ' r®tik /
changing without reason; that you can never be sure of
er . ГОГ Ф / 'егэг /
something that is done wrong
e • rupt / i ' rApt /
( geography ) When a volcano (= a mountain with a hole
in the top ) erupts , smoke, hot rocks, or liquid rock (called
lava ) suddenly come out
► e • rup • tion / i 'rApjn /
es • ca • la • tor / ' eskaleitar /
moving stairs that carry people up and down
es .cape 1Ф/ iskeip/ verb
(es- capes,es - cap ing ,es caped )
to get free from someone or something
to manage to avoid something dangerous or unpleasant
es • cape 2 / i 'skeip /
escaping from a place, or from a dangerous or unpleasant situation
es • cort 1 / es ' kort /
to go with someone, for example to protect them or to make
sure that they arrive somewhere
es • cort 2 / ' eskort /
one or more people or vehicles that go with someone to protect them
ESL is short for "English as a second language" (= the teaching of English to speakers of other languages who are living in a country where people speak English ) .
es .pe cial .ly Ф /ispejbli/
1 more than usual, or more than others
hate getting up early, especially in winter. She loves animals, especially horses.
for a particular person or thing
es • pres • so / e 'spresou /
a cup of strong black coffee
es • say / ' esei /
a short piece of writing about a particular subject
es • sence / ' esns /
the basic or most important quality of something
es • sen • tial / i ' senjl /
If something is essential , it is completely necessary and you must have or do it
es • tab • lish awl / i 'st^blij /
( es - tab - lish es, es - tab - lish - ing, es - tab - lished )
to start something new
es • tab •lish • ment |awL / i'steblijmant /
[ count ] (
an organization, business, or store
[ noncount ] the act of creating or starting something
es • tate awl / i 'steit /
a large piece of land in the country, which one person or family owns
all the money and property that someone leaves when they die
es • ti • mate 1 AWL / ' estamat /
a judgment about the size or cost of something before you have all the facts and figures
a statement that says how much a piece of work will cost
es • ti • mate 2 AWL / ' estameit /
to say how much you think something will cost, how big something is, or how long it will take to do something
etc. Ф / et srtoro /
You use etc. at the end of a list to show that there are other things, but you are not going to name them all
e • ter • nal / i ' tarnl /
existing or continuing forever
e • ter • ni • ty / i 'tarnati /
time that has no end; the state or time after death eth • ic AWU / ' eSik /
ethics [ plural ] moral beliefs that control or influence a person's behavior
[ singular ] a system of moral beliefs or rules of behavior
eth • i • cal aw / ' e6ikl /
1 connected with beliefs about what is right or wrong
connected with or belonging to a group of people that share a particular culture
et • y • mol • o • gy / Дэ ' mabd3i /
[ count, noncount ] (
eu • ro / ' yurou /
a unit of money that people use in many European countries:
e • vac • u • ate / I ' vrekyueit /
►e • vac • u • a • tion / i|v®kyu' ei/n /
[ count, noncount ]
e • val • u • ate awl| / i 'v®iyueit /
( e • val • u • ates , e • val • u • at • ing , e • val • u • at • ed )
to form an opinion about how good something is, after thinking about it carefully
►e • val • u • a • tion AWB / i|v®lyu'ei/n /
[ count, noncount ]
e • vap • o • rate / i ' vжpэreIt /
(e-vap • o • rates, e- vap • o rat • ing,
( physics ) If a liquid evaporates , it changes into a gas
eve / iv /
a word that you use to say that something is surprising
a word that you use to make another word stronger
even if
it does not change anything if
even so
although that is true
although
1 flat and smooth
not changing
the same; equal
( math ) Even numbers can be divided exactly by two
—ANTONYM odd
get even with someone
to hurt someone who has hurt you
eve . Iling Ф/ 'mug /
words that you say when you see someone for the first time in the evening
e • ven • ly / ' ivmli /
e .vent Ф / i'vent /
something important that happens
a race or competition
e • vent • ful / i ventfl /
full of important or exciting things happening
e • ven • tu • al aw / i ' vent/Ml /
happening as a result at the end of a period of time or of a process
e • ven • tu • al • ly AWL / I 'ven^li /
after a long time
at any time
in all the time since
ev • er • green / ' evэrgrin /
a tree or bush that has green leaves all through the year
eve . ry Ф / evri /
all of the people or things in a group
used for saying how often something happens
eve . ry . bod . У Ф / 'evri^adi ; 'evri^Adi /
normal; not special
eve . ry . one Ф/ 'evriwAn / (also eve . ry bod. y)
eve .ry .thing Ф / гупОп,/ pronoun
each thing; all things
the most important thing Money isn't everything, you know.
eve .ry .where Ф / evriwer /
in all places or to all places
to officially force someone to leave the house they are living in
ev . i .dence Ф E / ' evэdэns /
[noncount]
the facts, signs, or objects that make you believe that something is true
to say what you know about someone or something in a court of law
ev • i • dent aw / ' evэdэnt /
easy to see or understand
ev • i • dent • ly aw / ' evэdэntli /
clearly; that can be easily seen or understood
—SYNONYM obviously
в . Vi I 1Ф / ivl /
morally bad and cruel
ev • o • lu • tion AW / ^э 'lujn /
( biology ) the development of plants and animals from simple early forms, which happens over a long period of time
►ev • o • lu • tion • ar • y AWL / ^э 'lujneri /
e • volve aw / i ' valv /
( e • volves , e volv • ing , e • volved )
to develop slowly over time
( biology ) If plants or animals evolve , they change slowly over a long period of time from simple forms to more advanced ones
ex .act Ф / ig'zsekt/
completely correct
You use exactly when you are asking for or giving information that is completely correct
—SYNONYM precisely
in every way or detail
—SYNONYM just
You use exactly to agree with someone
ex .ag .ger .ate Ф / ig'zaedpreit/ verb
( ex • ag ger ates , ex • ag ger at • ing ,
ex • ag • ger • at • ed )
Spelling
Remember! You spell exaggerate with GG .
to say that something is bigger, better, worse, etc. than it really is
[ count, noncount ]
ex . am Ф / ig'zaem /
a test of what you know or can do
Collocations
Work and exams
doing
do your homework/an assignment/a paper/an essay write a paper/an essay/a report turn in/hand in your homework/an assignment/a paper
take a test/an exam/a quiz passing/failing
grade homework/a test
pass/do well on a test/an exam/a quiz
fail a test/an exam/a class
get a good grade/an A/a B/a diploma
ex • am • i • na • tion w/ ig^sems'neijn /
[ count, noncount ] the act of looking carefully at someone or something
[ count ] ( formal ) another word for exam
ex .am . ine Ф/ ig'zaemsn/
1 to look carefully at something or someone
2 (
ex .am .pie Ф / ig' zrempl /
something that shows what other things of the same kind are like
for example
used for giving an example
The short way of writing "for example" is e.g.
ex • as • per • at • ed / ig' z®sps|reitid /
feeling angry with something or someone
ex • ceed aw / ik ' sid /
( ex . ceeds , ex . ceed ing , ex . ceed ed )
to be more than a particular number or amount
ex • cel / ik ' sel /
to be very good at doing something
ex • cel • lence / eksslsns /
[ noncount ]
being very good
ex .cel . lent Ф / 'ekssbnt/
very good
not including someone or something
except that
used before you say something that makes a statement not completely true
ex • cep • tion / ik sepjn /
except
ex • cep • tion • al / ik' sep/snl /
very good, especially if this is unusual
ex • cep • tion • al • ly / ik' sep/snli / adverb He was an exceptionally good student.
ex • cess / ik' ses /
ex • cess / ekses /
ex • ces • sive / ik ' sesiv /
too much or too great
► ex • ces • sive • ly / ik ' sesivli /
ex .change 1 ©/iks'tpem^/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
giving or receiving something in return for something else
ex .change 2Ф / iks'ticmd^/ verb
(ex . chang.es,ex . chang . ing ,ex.changed)
ex • change rate / iks ' tjeind3 |reit /
[ count ]
( business ) how much money from one country you can
buy with money from another country
ex • cite / ik' sait /
to make a person feel very happy or enthusiastic so that they are not calm
ex .cit .ed Ф / ik'saitod /
not calm, for example because you are happy about
something that is going to happen
ex .cite .ment Ф /.ksa.tmont/ noun
[noncount]
a feeling of being excited
ex .cit .ing Ф / ik'saitir) /
Something that is exciting makes you have strong feelings of happiness and enthusiasm
ex • claim / ik skleim /
to say something suddenly and loudly because you are
surprised or angry
ex • cla • ma • tion / |ekskls ' meijn /
[count]
( english language arts ) a short word or phrase that you use to show surprise, pain, happiness, etc.
—SYNONYM interjection
ex • cla • ma • tion point
/ |ekskls 'meijn |point /
( english language arts ) a mark ( ! ) that you use in
writing to show loud or strong words, or surprise
ex • clude aw / ik ' sklud /
( ex - cludes , ex clud ing , ex - clud ed )
to deliberately not include something
—ANTONYM include
to not allow a person to enter a place or do an activity
ex • clud • ing AWL| / ik ' skludig /
without
ex • cur • sion / ik' skar3n /
a short trip to see something interesting or to enjoy yourself
ex . cuse 1 © / ik'skyus /
When the word excuse is a noun, it ends with a sound like juice or loose .
When the word excuse is a verb, it ends with a sound like shoes or choose .
words you say or write to explain why you have done something wrong
ex .cuse 2Ф/ ikskyuz/
used when you want to say that you are sorry for something that is not very bad
excuse me
words you use when you want to start talking to someone you do not know
words you use to say that you are sorry
Excuse me? words you use to ask someone to repeat what they just said
ex • e • cute / ' eksakyut /
to kill a person as a legal punishment
[ count, noncount ]
ex • ec • u • tive 1 / ig 'zekyativ /
( business ) a person who has an important position in a business or organization
ex • ec • u • tive 2 / ig ' zekyativ /
( business ) connected with managing and making decisions in a business or organization
( politics ) connected with the part of the government that makes decisions about running the country
The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
If you are exempt from something, you do not have to do it
ex .er .cise 1Ф / '.-ksorsaiz/ noun
[ noncount ] ( health ) moving your body to keep it strong and well
eat a healthy/balanced diet be on/go on a diet
avoid/cut down on alcohol/caffeine/fatty foods staying healthy
be/get/stay healthy/in shape put on/gain/lose weight/a few pounds watch/control your weight exercise
get regular/plenty of exercise do yoga/aerobics play football/hockey/tennis go cycling/jogging/swimming
[ count ] ( health ) a special movement that you do to keep your body strong and well
[ count ] a piece of work that you do to learn something
ex • er • cise 2 / ' eksarsaiz /
ex • er • tion / ig' zarjn /
using your body in a way that takes a lot of effort
ex • hale / eks ' heil /
( biology ) to let air, smoke, etc. out of your body by breathing
[ noncount ] the waste gas that comes out of a vehicle, an engine, or a machine
( also ex . haust pipe / ig 'zost paip / ) a pipe through which waste gases come out, for example on a car —SYNONYM tailpipe
ex • haust 2 / ig zost /
to make you feel very tired
► ex • haust • ing / ig ' zostig /
ex • haust • ed / ig' zostэd /
very tired
ex • haus • tion / ig 'zostjbn /
ex • hib • it 1 AWL / ig ' z^t / (also ex • hi . bi . tion
/ ^э 'bijn / )
( art ) an object or a group of objects that are arranged in a
museum, etc. so that people can look at them
ex • hib • it 2 aw щ / ig' z^t /
( art ) to show something in a public place for people to look at
ex • hi • bi • tion AWB / ^э 'bin /
[ count, noncount ]
ex • ile / egzail ; eksail /
[ noncount ] having to live away from your own country, especially for political reasons or as a punishment
[ count ] a person who has to live away from their own country
ex .ist ® / ig'zist /
to be real; to live
ex • is • tence / ig' z^ns /
being real; living
ex • ist • ing / ig' zistig /
that is already there or being used now
ex . it © / 'egzst; 'eksst /
a way out of a building
—ANTONYM entrance
a place where cars can leave a highway
ex • ot • ic / ig' zatik /
strange or interesting because it comes from another
country
ex • pand aw / ik ' sprend /
( ex.pands,ex•pand ing ,ex•pand • ed )
►ex • pan • sion AWL| / ik' spren/n /
[noncount]
ex . pect ©/ ik'spekt /
to think that someone or something will come, or that something will happen
If you are expected to do something, you must do it
ex • pec • ta • tion / lekspek' teijn /
ex • pe • di • tion / |ekspэ'dijn /
a long trip to find or do something special
trip an act of traveling from one place to another, and usually back again. A trip can be short or long, and can be for business or pleasure:
ex • pel / ik ' spel /
to send someone away from a school, an organization, or a country:
ex • pense / ik spens /
price the money that you have to pay to buy something:
fee the money you pay to go into a place, or for professional advice or services from doctors, lawyers, colleges, etc.:
expense the money you spend on something, or something that makes you spend money:
2 expenses [ plural ] money that you spend on a certain thing
ex .pen .sive Ф /ik'spensiv/
Something that is expensive costs a lot of money
—ANTONYM cheap
ex .pe .ri .ence 10/ikspirbns/
[ noncount ] knowing about something because you have seen it or done it
[ count ] something that has happened to you
ex . pe . ri. ence 2© / ikspirbns /
( ex . pe . ri enc . es , ex . pe . ri . enc ing , ex pe . ri . enced )
ex • pe • ri • enced / ik' spirbnst /
If you are experienced , you know about something because you have done it many times before
—ANTONYM inexperienced
ex • per • i • ment / ik' sperэmэnt /
( ex . per . i ments , ex . per . i . ment . ing , ex per . i . ment ed )
ex .per .i .ment © / ik ' sperэmэnt /
[count]
( general science ) a scientific test that you do to find out what will happen or to see if something is true
eX . pert © / 'ekspsrt /
ex • per • tise AWL / |ekspэr' tiz /
[noncount]
knowing a lot about a particular subject, activity, or job
ex • pire / ik ' sparar /
to come to the end of the time when you can use an official document
ex .plain Ф/iksplem/
1 to tell someone about something so that they understand it
Style
We say "Explain it to me ." It is wrong to say "Explain me it."
ex .pla .na .tion ©/^kspbneijn/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
something that helps someone understand something, or a reason for something
ex • plic • it aw / ik ' spl^t / v
clear; making something easy to understand
ex • plic • it • ly AWL / ik' spl^tH /
ex • plode Ф/ ik'sploud /
ex • ploit AWL / ik ' sploit /
to treat someone badly to get what you want
ex . plore Ф / ik'splor /
( ex . plores , ex plor ing , ex . plored )
to travel around a new place to learn about it
ex • plo • ra • tion / |ekspb ' reijn /
ex • plo . Sion Ф / iksplou3n /
the sudden bursting and loud noise of something such as a bomb exploding
The verb is explode .
ex • plo • sive / ik ' splousiv /
ex • plo • sive
a substance that can make things explode
ex • port 1 AWL / ek ' sport /
—ANTONYM import
ex • port • er А^Д / ek ' sportar /
ex • port 2 AWL / ' eksport /
[ noncount ] selling things to another country
[ count ] something that you sell to another country
^ANTONYM import
ex • pose AWL / ik' spouz /
to show something that is usually covered or hidden
to put someone in a difficult or dangerous situation
ex • po • sure AWL / ik ' spou3sr /
[noncount]
being put in a difficult or dangerous situation
ex • press 1 / ik' spres /
to say or show how you think or feel
ex • press 2 / ik' spres /
that goes or is sent very quickly
ex . pres . sion Ф / ik'sprejn /
the look on your face that shows how you feel
( english language arts ) a word or group of words; a way of saying something
ex • pres • sive / ik ' spresiv /
ex • press • way / ik' spreswei / ( also free . way
/ friwei / )
ex • pul • sion / ik' spAlJn /
[ count, noncount ]
the official act of making someone leave a school, an organization, or a country
ex • qui • site / ik ' skwizst /
ex • tend / ik stend /
to make something longer or bigger
to reach or stretch over an area The park extends as far as the river.
ex • tend • ed fam • i • ly /ik|stendsd ' femsli /
a large family group that includes uncles, aunts, cousins, grandparents, etc.
ex • ten • sion / ik stenjn /
1 [ count, noncount ] the act of making something bigger or longer
[ count ] a new part that you add to a building to make it bigger
[ count ] extra time that you are allowed to do something
[ count ] one of the telephones in a building that is connected to the main telephone
ex • ten • sive / ik' stensiv /
large in area or amount
ex • tent / ik ' stent /
how big something is
to a certain extent ; to some extent
used to show that you do not think something is completely true
ex • te • ri • or / ik stirisr /
[ count , usually singular ]
the outside part of something, especially a building
—ANTONYM interior
ex • te • ri • or
ex • ter • nal aw / ik ' stsrnl / •
on, of, or from the outside
ex • tinct / ik ' stigkt /
ex • tinc • tion / ik'stigkjn / noun [ noncount ] The panda is in danger of extinction.
ex • tin • guish / ik' stiggwij /
to make something stop burning
—SYNONYM put out
ex . tra 1 Ф / 'ekstrs /
more than what is usual
ex • tra 2 / ' ekstrs /
a person in a movie, etc. who has a small, not important part, for example in a crowd
something that costs more, or that is not usually included All the little extras added $300 to the cost of the computer.
ex • tract 1 AWL / ik' strrekt /
to take something out, especially with difficulty
ex • tract 2 AWL / ' ekstrakt /
( english language arts , music ) a part of a book, piece of
music, etc. that shows what the rest is like
ex • tra • cur • ric • u • lar / |ekstraka ' rikyalar /
not part of the usual studies at a school or college
ex • traor • di •nar • y / ik ' strainer! /
very unusual or strange
ex • trav • a • gant / ik ' stravagant /
If you are extravagant , you spend too much money
the act or habit of spending too much money
ex .treme Ф / ikstrim/
very great or strong
If you say that a person is extreme , you mean that their ideas are too strong.
as far away as possible
ex .treme . ly Ф / ikstrimli/
very
ex • treme sports / i^strim ' sports /
[ plural ]
( sports ) sports that are very exciting and often dangerous to do
ex • tro • vert / ' ekstravart /
a person who is confident and prefers being with other people to being alone
—ANTONYM introvert eye Ф / ai /
one of the two parts in your head that you see with
eye
catch someone's eye
to make someone look at you
If something catches your eye , you see it suddenly Her bright yellow hat caught my eye.
in someone's eyes
in the opinion of someone
see eye to eye with someone
to agree with someone
eye • ball / ' aibol /
( biology ) the whole eye, including the part that is inside the head
eye • brow / aibrau /
[count]
one of the two lines of hair above your eyes
eye • glass • es / ' aiglasaz /
eye • lash / ' ad®/ /
(
one of the hairs that grow in a line on your eyelid
eye • lid / ' ailid /
the piece of skin that can move to close your eye
eye • shad • ow / ' aijtedou /
color that is put on the skin over the eyes to make them look more attractive
eye • sight / ' aisait /
the ability to see
Ff
F, f / ef /
(
F ( general science )
F the lowest grade that is given for a test or piece of work. An F means that the person has failed
fa • ble / ' feibl /
( english language arts ) a short story, usually about animals, that teaches people a lesson (called a moral )
fab • ric / ' frebrik /
[ count, noncount ]
cloth that is used for making things such as clothes
fab • u • lous / ' fжbyэlэs /
very good
face 1 Ф / feis /
the front part of your head Have you washed your face? She had a smile on her face. Collocations Physical Appearance face
blue/green/brown eyes pale/flushed/rosy cheeks white/perfect/crooked teeth a long/short/neat beard hair and skin pale/fair/dark skin smooth/wrinkled skin straight/curly/wavy hair a bald/shaved head
the front or one side of something
face to face
If two people are face to face , they are looking straight at each other
make a face
to move your mouth and eyes to show that you do not like something
If you say something to someone's face , you say it when that person is with you
jaw
face
face 2 © / feis /
to have your face or front toward something Can you all face the front of the class, please? My bedroom faces the backyard.
to deal with an unfriendly person or a difficult situation
face-lift ( also face .lift ) / ' feislift /
a medical operation to make your face look younger
fa • cil • i • tate awl / 1э' sibteit /
( fa . cil . i tates , fa • cil • i • tat • ing , fa • cil • i tat • ed )
fa • cil • i • ties AWB / f3 ' sifetiz /
services, rooms, equipment, etc. that make it possible to do something
fact Ф / fsekt /
used to show that something is true; really
fac • tor AWL| / ' freter /
one of the things that influence a situation, a decision, etc.
( math ) a whole number by which a larger number can be divided
faC .tO . ГУ Ф / 'faektori /
a place where people make things, usually with machines
fac • tu • al / ' fre^f^l /
based on or containing facts
fac • ul • ty / freklti /
fade / feid /
Fahr • en • heit / ' ferenhait /
( general science ) a way of measuring temperature. Water freezes at 32° Fahrenheit and boils at 212° Fahrenheit
fail 1 ©/feil/
to not pass an exam or test She failed her driving test again. How many students failed last year?
—ANTONYM pass
to try to do something but not be able to do it
—ANTONYM succeed
to not do something that you should do The driver failed to stop at a red light.
fail 2 / feil /
certainly
[ noncount ] lack of success
[ count ] a person or thing that does not do well
—ANTONYM success
faint 1 / feint /
not clear or strong
If you feel faint , you feel that you are going to fall, for example because you are sick or tired.
faint 2 / feint /
to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, for example because you are weak or sick
fai Г 1 ® / fer /
treating people in an equal way or in the right way
—ANTONYM unfair
good or big enough, but not very good or big They've invited a fair number of people to their party. I would describe the service in this restaurant as fair.
(used about a person's skin or hair) light in color
—ANTONYM dark
(used about the weather) bright and not raining
fai r 2 / fer /
[ count ]
a place outside where you can ride on big machines and play games to win prizes
( business ) a large event where people and businesses show and sell the things they make
fair • ly / ' ferli /
more than a little, but not very She speaks French fairly well. I'm fairly certain it was him.
in a way that is right and honest This company treats its workers fairly.
—ANTONYM unfairly
fai r • y / feri /
a very small person in stories. Fairies have wings and can do magic.
fair • y tale / ' fen teil /
( english language arts ) a story for children that is about magic
faith / fei6 /
1 [ noncount ] feeling sure that someone or something is good, right, or honest
have great faith in your ability to do the job (= I'm sure that you can do it ) .
[ count ] ( religion ) a religion
faith • ful / ' feiefl /
always ready to support your friends; not changing
fake / feik /
fall l©/fol/
(falls, Fall ing , ell /fel/ las fall en / fobn/)
to go down quickly toward the ground
to suddenly stop standing He slipped on the ice and fell. I fell over and hurt my leg.
to become lower or less
—ANTONYM rise
fall asleep
to start sleeping
fall behind to become slower than others, or not do
something when you should do it
fall for someone to begin to love someone
fall for something
to believe something that someone tells you is true, although it is not true
to begin to love someone
fall out with someone to argue with someone so that
you stop being friends
fall through If a plan falls through , it does not
happen.
fall 2 Ф / fol /
[ count ] a sudden drop from a higher place to a lower place
[ count ] becoming lower or less
—ANTONYM rise
[ count , usually singular ] the part of the year between summer and winter
4 falls [ plural ] ( geography ) a place where water falls from a high place to a low place
not true; wrong
—ANTONYM true
Thesaurus
incorrect wrong according to the facts; containing mistakes. This word is a little formal:
—ANTONYM correct
mistaken (used about a person) wrong in your opinion or judgment:
—ANTONYM right , correct
not real or not natural
fame / feim /
being known by many people
The adjective is famous .
fa .mil . iar Ф / LVmihor/
that you know well
—ANTONYM unfamiliar
fam . i. ly О / ' famli /
1 [ count, noncount ] a group of people who are connected to each other, especially parents and their children
—Look
2 [ count ] ( biology ) a group of plants or animals
fam • i • ly name / ' famli |neim /
[count]
the name that is shared by members of a family —SYNONYM last name Word building Your first name or given name is the name that your parents give you when you are born. Many people also have a middle name . Your last name or family name is the name that everyone in your family has. When a woman gets married, she usually takes her husband's last name. Her old last name is then called her maiden name , and her new one is her married name .
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
fam • i • ly tree / famii ' tri /
a plan that shows all the people in a family
fam • ine / ' faman /
A famine happens when there is not enough food in a country
fa .mous Ф / feimos /
known by many people
The noun is fame .
fan 1 / fan /
a person who likes someone or something, for example a singer or a sport, very much
a thing that moves the air to make you cooler
fans
fan 2 / fan /
to make someone or something cooler by moving the air
fa • nat • ic / fa 'natik /
a person who is very enthusiastic about something and may have extreme or dangerous opinions
fan • cy / ' fansi /
not simple or ordinary
( biology ) a long, sharp tooth of a dog, a poisonous snake, etc.
fan • ny pack / ' freni prek /
a small bag that you wear around the middle of your body to keep money, etc. in
fan • tas • tic / fren' trestik /
—SYNONYM great
fan • ta • sy / ' frentэsi /
something nice that you think about and that you hope will
happen, although it is very unlikely
—SYNONYM dream
( computers ) FAQ is used in writing to mean "frequently asked questions."
far w / far /
/ ' fэrбэst / )
a long way from somewhere
In formal English, you should use farther to talk about distance in space:
You use far to ask about the distance from one place to another place
We usually use far only in questions and negative sentences, and after too and so :
very much
to a place
used when you think something is true, but you are not sure
You use by far to show that a person or thing is much better, bigger, etc. than anyone or anything else
far from something
almost the opposite of something; not at all
far from it (
certainly not; just the opposite
so far
until now
far 2 / far /
fur ther / ' fэrбэr / far thest / ' fa^st / or fur . thest
/ ' fэrбэst / )
a long way away Let's walk — it's not far.
—ANTONYM near
Grammar
We usually use far only in questions and negative sentences, and after too and so :
In formal English, you should use farther to talk about distance in space:
a long way from the center in the direction mentioned
fare / fer /
the money that you pay to travel by bus, train, airplane, etc.
the Far East / бэ |far ' ist /
( geography ) China, Japan, and other countries in eastern Asia
— Look
fare • well / |fer' wel /
goodbye
land and buildings where people keep animals and grow plants for food
farm .еГ Ф / 'farmor /
a person who owns or works on a farm
farm • house / farmhaus /
the main house on a farm
farm • ing / ' farmig /
managing a farm or working on it
farm • land / farmlrend /
[ noncount , plural ]
( geography ) land that is used for keeping animals or growing plants for food
farm • yard / ' farmyard /
the area beside the main house on a farm, with buildings or walls around it
far • sight • ed / ' far|saitad /
( health ) If you are farsighted , you can see things clearly when they are far away but not when they are close to you.
—ANTONYM nearsighted
far • ther, far • thest / ' fa^r ; ' fa^st /
In formal English, you should use farther to talk about distance in space:
fas • ci • nate / ' fresэneIt /
fas • ci • nat • ing / ' fresэneItщ /
very interesting
fas • ci • na • tion / ^ ' neijn /
[ count, noncount ]
when you find something or someone very interesting
fash . ion Ф / 'fsejn /
a way of dressing or doing something that people like and
try to copy for a time
fash .ion .а .Ые Ф / 'faqfonobl /
popular, or in a popular style at the time
—ANTONYM old-fashioned , unfashionable
fash • ion de • sign • er / ' fejn ^шпэг /
a person whose job is to design clothes
fast Ф / faest /
moving, happening, or doing something very quickly
We say quick for something that is done in a short time:
If a clock or watch is fast , it shows a time that is later than the real time
—ANTONYM slow
fast 2 Ф / faest /
1 quickly
can't go any faster.
—ANTONYM slowly
completely or deeply The baby was fast asleep .
fast 3 / frest /
faS .ten Ф / 'faesn/
to join or close something so that it will not come open
to attach or tie one thing to another thing
fas • ten • er / ' fresэnэr /
a thing that joins together two parts of something
fast food / |frest ' fud /
hot food that is made and served very quickly in special
restaurants, and often taken out
fat 1 Ф / fact /
fat is a general word to describe a person who has a large round body, but it is not polite to say to someone that they are fat:
overweight is a little more polite, and is also a word used by doctors or health professionals:
obese means very fat, in a way that is not healthy. This word is often used by doctors and health professionals, but is also used in a general way to mean "very fat":
fat 2 Ф / faet /
[ noncount ] ( biology ) the soft white substance under the skins of animals and people
[ count, noncount ] the substance containing oil that we get from animals, plants, or seeds and use for cooking
Something that is fatal causes death
Something that is fatal has very bad results
►fa • tal • ly / ' feitli /
fate / feit /
[ noncount ] the power that some people believe controls everything that happens
[ count ] the things, especially bad things, that will happen or have happened to someone or something
fa .ther Ф / 'fuclor/
a man who has a child
Father ( religion ) the title of certain priests
being a father
fa • ther-in-law / ' fadsr in lo /
(
the father of your husband or wife
fat • ty / ' freti /
(used about food) having a lot of fat in it or on it
fau • cet / ' fosst /
a thing that you turn to make something like water or gas
come out of a pipe
[ noncount ] If something bad is your fault , you made it happen
[ count ] something that is wrong or bad in a person or thing
( geography ) a place where there is a long break (a crack ) in the rock of the earth's surface
be at fault
to be wrong, or responsible for a mistake
fault • less / foltlss /
—SYNONYM perfect fault • y / ' folti /
not working well
fa . VOr Ф / 'fervor /
something that you do to help someone
be in favor of something
to like or agree with something
fa • vor • a • ble / ' feivsrsbl /
good or acceptable
fa .vor .ite 1®/ 'feivrot/
Your favorite person or thing is the one that you like more
than any other
fa . vor . ite 2 Ф / 'feivrot /
a person or thing that you like more than any other
fax / freks /
a copy of a document that you send by telephone lines using a special machine (called a fax machine )
►fax
to send someone a fax
fear 1 Ф / fir /
the feeling that you have when you think that something
bad might happen
fear 2 4? / fir /
to be afraid of someone or something
(
fear • ful / ' firfl /
afraid or worried about something
►fear • ful • ly / ' firfsli /
fear • less / firlss /
not afraid of anything
►fear • less • ly / ' firlssli /
feast / fist /
a large special meal for a lot of people
feat / fit /
something you do that is difficult or dangerous
feath .er Ф
/ ' fedsr /
one of the light, soft things that grow in a bird's skin and cover its body
fea • ture 1 Ф awl / ' fitjsr /
1 an important part of something
one of the parts of your face, for example your eyes, nose, or mouth
a newspaper or magazine article, or TV program about something
fea • ture 2 AWL / ' fitjsr /
Feb • TU • аГ .у Ф / ТеЬуцеи; ТеЬгцеи/
fed
fed • er • al aw / ' fedsrsl / je
( politics ) used for describing a political system in which a group of states or countries are joined together under a central government, but also have their own governments
fed • er • a • tion AWL / feda 'reifn /
[ count ]
( politics ) a group of states or organizations that have joined together
fed up / |fed ' Ap /
bored or unhappy, especially with a situation that has
continued for too long
fee awl| / fi /
the money you pay for professional advice, or service from doctors, lawyers, schools, colleges, etc.
Thesaurus
price the money that you have to pay to buy something:
fee the money you pay to go into a place, or for professional advice or services from doctors, lawyers, colleges, etc.:
expense the money you spend on something, or something that makes you spend money:
the money that you pay to do something, for example to join a club or visit a museum
fee • ble / ' fibl /
—SYNONYM weak
feed ©/ fid /
feed • back / ' fidbak /
advice or information about how well or badly you have done something
feel 1 © / fil /
1 to know something because your body tells you
don't feel well. I'm feeling tired.
used for saying how something seems when you touch it or experience it
to touch something in order to find out what it is like
to have an opinion about something I feel that we should talk about this.
—SYNONYM believe
to try to find something with your hands instead of your
eyes
to want something or want to do something
feel 2 / fil /
the impression you get when you touch something or when you are in a place
feel.ing Ф / 'Шщ / noun
[ count ] something that you feel inside yourself, like happiness or anger
[ noncount ] the ability to feel in your body I was so cold that I had no feeling in my feet.
[ singular ] an idea that you are not certain about I have a feeling that she isn't telling the truth. hurt someone's feelings
to do or say something that makes someone sad
feet
connected with an animal of the cat family; like a cat
fell
fel • low 1 / felou /
a man
fel • low 2 / ' felou /
used for saying that someone is the same as you in some way
fel • o • ny / ' felani /
a serious crime such as murder
felt 1
felt 2 / felt /
a type of soft thick cloth
felt-tip pen / felt tip ' pen /
( biology ) belonging to the sex that can have babies
fem • i • nine / femanan /
1 typical of a woman or right for a woman
2 ( english language arts ) (in some languages) belonging to a certain class of nouns, adjectives, or pronouns
fem • i • nism / ' femэnIZэm /
the belief that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men
►fem • i • nist / ' femэnIst /
fence Ф / fens /
a thing like a wall that is made of pieces of wood or metal. Fences are put around yards and fields.
fenc • ing / ' fensig /
the sport of fighting with long, thin, pointed weapons (called swords )
fern / fэrn /
a plant with long thin leaves and no flowers, which grows in wet areas
fe • ro • cious / fэ ' roujbs /
—SYNONYM fierce
fer • ry / ' feri /
fer • tile / ' fortl /
If soil is fertile , plants grow well in it.
( biology ) Someone who is fertile is able to have babies.
►fer • til • i • ty / fэr 'tibti /
fer • til • ize / ' fertNaiz /
( biology ) to put a male seed into an egg, a plant, or a female animal so that a baby, fruit, or young animal starts to develop
to put a substance on soil to make plants grow better
fer • til • iz • er / ' fortNairar /
food for plants
fes .ti.val О / 'fi-stovi/
a series of public events, for example concerts and shows, in one place
( religion ) a time when people celebrate something, especially a religious event
fetch / fetf /
to go and bring back something or someone
fe • tus / ' ftes / (
feud / fyud /
a serious argument between people or groups that continues for a long time
fe • ver / ' fror /
[ count, noncount ]
( health ) If you have a fever , your body is too hot because you are sick
—SYNONYM temperature
►fe • ver • ish / ' flvэrI/ /
not many
a few
a lot, but not an extremely large amount or number of something
fi • an • ce / fian ' sei ; fi 'ansei /
fi • an • cee / |fian ' sei ; fi ' ansei /
fi • as • co / fi ' reskou /
an event that does not succeed at all
fib / fib /
something you say that you know is not true; a small lie
fib
(
fi • ber / ' fa^r /
[ noncount ] ( biology , health ) the part of your food that helps to move other food through your body and keep you healthy
[ count ] one of the many thin threads that form a material
fic • tion / ' fikjn/
( english language arts ) stories that someone writes and that are not true
—ANTONYM nonfiction
fid • dle / ' fidi /
( fid dles , fid . dl . ing , fid dled )
to touch something a lot with your fingers, because you are bored or nervous
fidg • et / ' ы3э: /
( fidg . ets , fidg . et . ing , fidg . et . ed )
to keep moving your body, hands, or feet because you are nervous, excited, or bored
field © / ни/
a piece of land used for animals or for growing plants for food, usually surrounded by a fence, trees, etc.
an area of study or knowledge Dr. Ramani is an expert in her field.
a piece of land used for something special
stadium a large place with seats around the sides where you can watch sports:
track an area with a special surface for people or cars to have races on:
field hock • ey / ' fild |haki /
( sports ) a game for two teams of eleven players who hit a small hard ball with long curved sticks on a field
field trip / ' fild trip /
a trip that a school group takes in order to learn about
something
fierce / firs /
angry and wild
very strong
fier • y / ' fa^ri /
looking like fire
quick to become angry
fif .teen © / ,fiftin/
15
[count]
5th
one of five equal parts of something; Vs
fif .ty © / fifti/
50
the fifties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperature between 50 and 59
fig / fig /
a soft, sweet fruit that is full of small seeds
fig. / fig /
fight 1© / fait /
When people fight , they try to hurt or kill each other
to argue
to try very hard to stop something
to try very hard to do or get something The workers are fighting for better pay.
fight 2 © / fait /
when people try to hurt or kill each other
an angry argument about something
fight • er / ' fa^r /
a person who fights
( also fight • er plane / ' faiter plein / ) a fast airplane that shoots at other airplanes during a war
fig • u • ra • tive / ' f^ret^ /
( english language arts ) A figurative word or phrase is used in a different way from its usual meaning to create a particular effect
fig .ure 1 © / 'figysr /
( math ) one of the symbols (0 - 9) that we use to show numbers
an amount or price
the shape of a person's body
a famous or important person He's an important historical figure.
a shape of a person that you cannot see clearly
figures [ plural ] ( math ) working with numbers to find an answer
—SYNONYM arithmetic
(
fig • ure 2 / ' ^уэг /
( fig ures , fig • ur ing , fig • ured ) (
that is what I expected
fig • ure of speech / figyar av 'spitj /
[ count ] (
fig • ure skat • ing / ' figyar |skeitig /
[ noncount ]
( sports ) a type of ice skating in which you cut patterns in the ice using special moves
file 1 Ф AWL / fail /
a box or cover for keeping papers in
( computers ) a collection of information that is stored in a computer and that has a particular name
a collection of papers or information about someone or something, which is kept inside a file
a tool with rough sides that you use for making things smooth
file 2 AWL / fail /
to put papers in their correct place, for example in a cover or drawer
to walk in a line, one behind the other
to make something smooth using a tool with rough sides
file cab • i • net / ' fail |kabanat /
a piece of office furniture with large drawers, in which you keep documents
fill
to make something full
to become full
fill something in to write facts or answers in the spaces
that have been left for them
fill something out to complete an official document by
writing facts or answers on it
fill up ; fill something up to become full or to make
something completely full
fil • let ( also fi - let ) / fi ' lei /
[ count, noncount ]
a piece of meat or fish with the bones taken out
fill • ing 1 / ' filig /
1 [ count ] the substance that a dentist uses to fill a hole in your tooth
have three fillings in my teeth.
[ count, noncount ] the food that is put inside a cake, between two pieces of bread (to make a sandwich ), etc.
(used about food) that makes you feel full
film 1 Ф/ film/
1 [ count, noncount ] the thin plastic that you use in a camera for taking photographs
bought a roll of black and white film.
[ count ] a movie It's a French film.
film 2 / film /
fil • ter 1 / 'filtar /
fil • ter 2 / ' filtar /
( general science ) to pass a liquid or gas through a filter
to move slowly or in small amounts Sunlight filtered through the curtains.
filth • y / ' fil9i /
very dirty
( biology ) one of the thin, flat parts on a fish that help it to swim
not followed by any others
not to be changed
fi • nal 2 aw щ / ' fainl /
the last game or race in a competition, for the winners of the earlier games or races
an important exam that you take at the end of a course in school
fi • nal • ist / ' fainbist/
a person who is in the final game or stage of a competition
fi • nal • ly Ф AWL / ' fainbi/
after a long time
used before saying the last thing in a list
fi • nance 1 AWL / ' fainans ; fa ' n®ns /
1 [ noncount ] money, or the activity of managing money
fi • nance 2 AWL / ' fainrens ; fs ' nrens /
( fi • nanc • es , fi • nanc • ing , fi • nanced )
( business ) to give the money that is needed to pay for something
fi • nan • cial © AWL / fs ' nrenjl /
connected with money
find© / faind /
/ faund / has found )
1 to see or get something after looking or trying
can't find my glasses. She hasn't found a job yet.
to see or get something that you did not expect
used for talking about your opinion or experience
find something out to get information about
something
f ine 1 © / fain /
well or happy
used for saying that something is good or acceptable
—SYNONYM OK
very thin
—ANTONYM thick
made of very small pieces
beautiful or of good quality There's a fine view from the church. This is one of his finest paintings.
(used about the weather) bright; not raining
—SYNONYM sunny
fine 2 / fain /
money that you must pay because you have done something wrong
to make someone pay a fine
fin .ger © / fri.]t|or/
one of the five parts at the end of your hand — Look
keep your fingers crossed
fin • ger • nail / ' figgsrneil /
the thin, hard part at the end of your finger
fin • ger • print / ' figgsrprint /
the mark that a finger makes when it touches something
fin • ger • tip / ' figgsrtip/
the end of your finger
fin .ish 1 ©/ 'fmijv
1 to stop doing something
finish work at 5:30.
to stop happening
—ANTONYM begin , start
finish something off to do or eat the last part of something
fin • ish 2 / ' finif/
(
—ANTONYM start
fin • ished / ' finift /
having reached the end of an activity or job
made; completed
—ANTONYM unfinished
fi • nite aw Д / ' fainait /
having a limit or a fixed size
—ANTONYM infinite
fir / fsr / ( also fir tree / ' fsr tri / )
fire 1 ©/ 'faior/
[ count, noncount ] the heat and bright light that comes from burning things
[ count ] burning wood or another fuel (called coal ) that you use for keeping a place warm or for cooking
[ noncount ] shooting from guns The soldiers were under fire .
catch fire
to start to burn
burning
put out a fire
to stop something from burning
set fire to something ; set something on fire
to make something start to burn
fire 2Ф/ 'faior /
to shoot with a gun
to tell someone to leave their job
fire a • larm / ' faIэr Э|larm /
a bell that rings to tell people that there is a fire
fire • crack • er / ' faIэr|krrekэr /
a small thing that explodes with a loud noise
fire de •part • ment / ' farar dI|partmэnt /
a group of people whose job is to stop fires
fire drill / ' farar dril /
a practice of what people must do if there is a fire in a building
fire en • gine / 'farar ^nd^n /
( also fire truck / ' farar |trAk / )
fire es • cape / ' fa^r i|skeip /
stairs on the outside of a building that people can go down if there is a fire
fire ex • tin • guish / ' farar Ik|StIggwIJэr /
a metal container with water or chemicals inside for stopping small fires
fire • fight • er / ' fa^rfa^r /
a person whose job is to stop fires
fire • house / ' fararhaus /
a building in a small town where fire engines are kept -►SYNONYM fire station
fire hy . drant
/ ' farar |haidrent /
fire • man / ' faIэrmэn / noun [ count ] (
a piece of metal equipment on the street that is connected to a water pipe for stopping fires
fire • place / ' fa^rpleis / noun [count]
the place in a room where you light a fire
fire • proof / ' fararpruf /
able to take a lot of heat without burning or being damaged
fire sta • tion / ' fa^r |steijn /
[ count ]
a building where fire engines are kept
fire truck
fire • works / ' faIэrwэrks /
things that explode with bright lights and loud noises, used for entertainment
firm 1 ©/ farm/
Something that is firm does not move easily when you press it
strong and steady, and not likely to change
firm 2 Ф / farm /
( business ) a group of people working together in a
business
f i rSt 1 Ф / forst /
before all the others
first thing
early in the morning
f i rSt 2 Ф / forst /
arrived at the house first.
for the first time
before doing anything else
in the beginning
before anything else
first / forst /
a person or thing that comes earliest or before all others
was the first to arrive at the party.
a first [ singular ] an important event that is happening for the first time
first aid / ^st ' eid /
[noncount]
( health ) medical help that you give to someone who is hurt, before a doctor comes
first class / |fэrst ' klres /
[noncount]
1 the part of a train, airplane, etc. that it is more expensive to travel in
got a seat in first class.
a way of sending mail that you use if you want it to get special treatment
►first class
first-class / ' fэrst |klres /
know a place where the food is first-class.
connected with the best and most expensive way of traveling on a train, airplane, or ship
first floor / frst ' for /
( also ground floor / igraund ' flor / )
the floor of a building that is level with the street
first la • dy / ^ret ' leidi
( politics ) the wife of the U.S. president, or of the leader of a state
first • ly / ' 1эгеШ /
used when you are giving the first thing in a list
first name / |fэrst ' neim / ( also giv • en name )
the first of your names, which your parents give you when you are born
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
the first per • son / бэ |fэrst ' pэrsn /
[ singular ] ( English language arts )
the set of pronouns and verb forms that you use to talk about yourself
the style of telling a story as if it happened to you
first-rate / ^st ' reit /
excellent
an animal that lives and breathes in water, and has thin flat parts (called fins ) that help it to swim
fish 2 / fij /
to try to catch fish
fish • er • man / ' йхэгшэп /
(
fish • ing rod / ' fijig rad /
a long thin stick with a thin thread (called a line ) and a hook, used for catching fish
fish stick / ' fij stik /
a long piece of fish that is covered in very small pieces of dried bread
fish • y / fiji /
tasting or smelling like fish
(
fist / fist /
fit 1 Ф / fit /
1 to be the right size or shape for someone or something
tried the dress on, but it didn't fit. This key doesn't fit the lock.
to put or attach something somewhere They fit a smoke alarm to the ceiling.
fit in (with someone or something) to be able to
live in an easy and natural way with other people
fit someone or something in
to find time to do something or see someone
fish l Ф / fif/
fish
to find or have enough space for someone or something
fit 2© / fit /
keep fit by jogging every day.
good enough
—SYNONYM suitable —ANTONYM unfit fit 3 / fit /
[ count ] when you cannot stop laughing, coughing, or feeling angry
[ singular ] the way something fits you
fit • ness / ' fitms /
five © / faiv /
fix© / fiks /
to repair something
to decide a date or an amount for something
—SYNONYM set
to put something in a place so that it will not move
— SYNONYM attach
already decided
not changing
fizz / fiz /
When a liquid fizzes , it produces a lot of small bubbles and makes a long sound like an "s." ► fizz
fizz • y / ' fizi /
(used about a drink) containing many small bubbles of gas
flab • by / ' flrebi /
having too much soft fat instead of muscle
flag © / flaeg /
a piece of cloth with a pattern on it, which is joined to a stick (called a flagpole ). Every country has its own flag
flair / fler /
a natural ability to do something well
—SYNONYM talent
flake / fleik/
flame © / fleim /
a hot, bright, pointed piece of fire
fla • min • go / fb 'miggou /
a large pink and red bird that has long legs and stands in water
flam • ma • ble / ' flremэbl /
( chemistry ) A flammable substance burns easily
—SYNONYM inflammable
flan • nel / ' flrenl /
a type of soft wool or cotton cloth
flap 1 / flrep /
a piece of material, paper, etc. that is attached to something at one side only, often covering an opening
flap 2 / flrep /
to move or to make something move up and down or from side to side
flare 1 / fler /
to suddenly burn more strongly
to suddenly start or get worse
flare 2 / fler /
a thing that produces a bright light or flame, used especially as a signal
flash 1 ©/ flaej/
to send out a bright light that comes and goes quickly; to make something do this
to appear and disappear very quickly, or to make something do this
flash 2 / fire/ /
[ count ] a bright light that comes and goes quickly
[ count, noncount ] a bright light that you use with a camera for taking photographs
in a flash
very quickly
flash card / ' fire/|kard /
a card with words, numbers, or a picture on it, which you use to help you learn or remember something
flash drive / ' fire/ |draiv / ( also USB flash drive )
flash • light / ' fajiait /
a small electric light that you can carry
flask / flask /
a container for keeping a liquid hot or cold
flat 1 Ф / flset /
smooth, with no parts that are higher or lower than the rest
A tire that is flat does not have enough air inside it.
(
with no parts that are higher or lower than the rest
flat • ten / ' flatn /
(flat - tens, flat - ten - ing , flat - tened )
flat • ter / ' flffitar /
to say nice things about someone, because you want them to do something
If you are flattered by something, you like it because it makes you feel important
flat • ter • y / ' fffitpri /
[noncount]
nice things that someone says when they want you to do something
fla . vor Ф / 'fleivor/
[ count, noncount ]
the taste of food
►fla • vor
fla • Vor • ful / ' fleivarfl /
having a lot of flavor
fla • Vor • ing / ' fleivarig /
[ count, noncount ]
something that you add to food or a drink to give it a particular taste
flaw / fb /
flashlight
1 a mistake in something that means it is not correct or does not work correctly
2 a mark or bad part in something that means it is not perfect
flea / fli/
a very small insect without wings, which can jump. It lives on and bites animals and people
flea mar • ket / ' fii markat /
a market, usually outside, where you can buy old and used objects
flee / fli /
( flees , flee - ing , fled / fled / has fled )
fleece / flis /
[ count ] the wool coat of a sheep
[ noncount ] a type of soft, warm cloth used for making jackets and other clothes
fleet / flit /
a big group of ships
flesh / fief /
the soft part of a human or animal body under your skin
the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that we eat
in the flesh
If you see someone in the flesh , you are in the same place as them and actually see them rather than just seeing a picture of them.
flew
flex • i • ble AWL / ' fleksabl /
able to change easily
able to bend easily without breaking ^ANTONYM inflexible
flex • i • bil • i • ty AWL / |fleksa'bilati /
flick / flik /
to move or make something move with a quick, light movement
flies
form of fly 1
plural of fly 2
flight
[ count ] a trip in an airplane Our flight leaves at 10 a.m.
[ noncount ] flying
[ count ] a group of steps
flight at • tend • ant / ' fiait a^ndant /
[count]
a person whose job is to serve and take care of passengers on an airplane
flim • sy / flimzi /
not strong; easy to break or tear
weak; not making you believe that it is true
fling / fig /
( flings , fling ing , flung / fkg / has flung )
to throw something carelessly or with great force
flip-flop / ' flip flap /
flip • pant / ' flipsnt /
not serious about important things
flip • per / flipsr /
a flat part of the body of some animals, which they use for swimming in the ocean
a flat, rubber shoe that you wear to help you swim fast underwater
flirt / flsrt/
to behave as if you like someone in a romantic way
a person who flirts a lot with different people
float ©/ flout /
to stay on top of a liquid
—ANTONYM sink
to move slowly in the air Clouds were floating across the sky.
flock / flak /
a group of sheep or birds
— Look
flood 1 Ф / fl\d/
When there is a flood , a lot of water covers the land
a lot of something
flood 2 / fkd /
to fill a place with water; to be filled or covered with water
flood • light / ' fkdlait /
a powerful light that is used outside, for example near a building or for sports
floor Ф / flor /
[ usually singular ] the part of a room that you walk on There weren't any chairs so we sat on the floor.
all the rooms at the same height in a building
floor • board / ' florbord /
a long flat piece of wood in a wooden floor flop • py / flapi /
flop • py disk / ' flapi disk /
( computers ) a small flat piece of plastic that stores information for a computer
flo • ral / ' florsl /
decorated with a pattern of flowers, or made with flowers
flo • rist / ' florist /
a person who owns or works in a store that sells flowers
floss / flas /
to use a special kind of string (called dental floss ) to clean between your teeth
flour
The word flour sounds just like flower .
soft, white or brown powder that we use to make bread, cakes, etc.
flour • ish / ' flsrif /
( flour • ish es , flour • ish • ing , flour • ished )
to develop or grow successfully
flow 1 Ф / flou /
to move in a steady, continuous way in one direction
flow 2 / flou /
a steady, continuous movement of something in one direction
flow chart / ' flou tfart /
( business , general science ) a diagram that shows the connections between the different stages of a process or parts of a system
— Look
flow .еГ 1 Ф/ 'flausr/
the part of a plant that has a bright color, where the seeds
or fruit come from
tulip sunflower rose
flowers
flow • er 2 / ' faror /
(flow- ers, flow • er • ing, flow ered )
flow • er bed / ' fla^r bed /
a piece of ground used for growing flowers
flow • er • pot / ' flac^rpat /
a container in which you grow plants
flow • er • y / ' flacOTi / (also flow, ered / ' fla^rd /)
covered or decorated with flowers
flown
fl. oz.
( health ) an illness like a very bad cold that makes your body sore and hot
fluc • tu • ate AWl| / ' fkktjueit /
( fluc • tu ates , fluc • tu at • ing , fluc • tu • at • ed )
to change often from one thing to another
flu • en • cy / ' flmnsi /
( english language arts ) the ability to speak or write a language well
able to speak easily and correctly Susan is fluent in English and Spanish.
spoken easily and correctly
fluff / fkf /
very light and soft pieces of wool, cotton, or fur, or very light and soft new feathers
fluff • y / ' ff /
feeling or looking very light and soft
flu • id / ' flTOd /
a substance that can flow; a liquid
flu • id ounce / |йш1 ' auns / ( also ounce )
a measure of liquid (= 0.0296 liters). There are 16 fluid ounces in a pint , and 32 fluid ounces in a quart .
flung
flush / йл/ /
to clean a toilet by pressing or pulling a handle that sends water through it
If you flush , your face becomes red because you are embarrassed or angry
with a red face
flust • ered / ' /
feeling nervous and confused because you have too much to
do or not enough time
flute / flut/
( music ) a musical instrument that you hold out to the side and play by blowing
flut • ter / ' Ал:эг /
to make a quick, light movement through the air
( flies , fly • ing , flew / flu / has flown / floun / )
to move through the air
to travel in an airplane
to make an airplane move through the air
to move quickly
to move around in the air
fly 2 / flai /
[ count ] a small insect with two wings — Look
[ singular ] the part where you fasten a pair of pants at the front
fly • ing / ' flaiig /
able to fly
with flying colors
with great success; very well
fly • ing sau • cer / iflaiig ' sosэr /
an object in the sky that some people think they have seen, and that they think has come from another planet
foal / foul /
foam / foum /
a soft light material, full of small holes, which is used inside seats, etc.
a lot of very small white bubbles that you see when you move liquid quickly
fo • cus 1 AVWL / ' foukэs /
1 to give all your attention to something
fo • cus 2 AWB / ' foukss /
the center of attention or interest; special attention that is
given to someone or something
in focus ; out of focus
If a photograph is in focus , it is clear. If it is out of focus , it is not.
fog / fog ; fag /
thick cloud that forms close to the ground, and that is
difficult to see through
► fog • gy / ' fogi ; ' fagi /
( fog • gi • er , fog • gi • est )
foil / foil /
thin metal paper that is used for covering food
fold 1 Ф / fould /
1 to bend something so that one part is on top of another part
folded the letter and put it in the envelope. Fold up your clothes. —ANTONYM unfold
to be able to be made smaller in order to be carried or stored more easily
fold your arms
to cross one arm over the other one in front of your chest
fold 2 / fould /
fold • er / ' fouldsr /
a cover made of very thick paper or plastic, for keeping papers in
( computers ) a collection of information or files that is stored together in a computer or on a disk
fo • li • age / ' fouliid3 /
( biology ) all the leaves of a tree or plant folk / fouk /
typical of the ordinary people of a particular country or
community
folks / fouks /
people in general
( informal ) your parents How are your folks?
fol . low Ф / 'falou /
1 to come or go after someone or something
think that car is following us!
to go along a road, path, etc.
to do what someone says you should do
to understand something
as you will now hear or read
►fol • low • er
someone who follows or supports a person or a belief
fol • low • ing / ' falouig /
next
fond / fand /
to like someone or something a lot
food О / fud /
heat the oven/the broiler/some oil in a frying pan
melt the butter/chocolate/cheese
cook food/fish/meat/rice
bake bread/a cake/cookies/muffins
boil potatoes/an egg/water
fry/stir-fry the chicken/vegetables
grill/broil/barbecue fish/meat/steak
roast chicken/turkey/potatoes
steam rice/vegetables
microwave food/popcorn/your dinner
fool 1 / ful /
a person who is silly or who does something silly
to do something that makes you look silly in front of other people
fool 2 / ful /
to make someone believe something that is not true
—SYNONYM trick
fOOt Ф / fut /
(
(
the lowest part of something
—SYNONYM bottom
on foot
walking
put your foot in your mouth (
to say or do something by accident that makes someone embarrassed or upset
foot . ball О
/ ' futbol /
[ noncount ] a game that is played by two teams of eleven players who throw, carry, or kick the ball to the end of the field. The players wear special clothing to protect their heads and bodies
[ count ] a ball for playing this game
foot • print / ' futprint /
foot • step / ' futstep /
foot • wear / ' futwer /
shoes or boots
for 1 © / far; for /
a word that shows who will get or have something
a word that shows how something is used or why something is done
a word that shows where a person or thing is going
a word that shows how much something is
a word that shows that you like an idea
—ANTONYM against
with the meaning of
on the side of someone or something
a word that shows how long something has been happening
a word that shows how far someone or something goes
a word that shows the person or thing you are talking about
for 2 / fэr ; for /
because
for • bid / fэr'bId /
-^ANTONYM allow
force Ф / fors /
lost the key so I had to open the door by force .
[ count ] a group of people, for example police or soldiers, who do a special job
[ count, noncount ] ( physics ) a power that can cause change or movement
force 2 Ф / fors /
1 to make someone do something that they do not want to do
2 to do something by using a lot of strength
fore • cast 1 / ' forkrest /
what someone thinks will happen, based on the information that is available
fore • cast 2 / ' forkrest /
to say what you think will happen, based on the
information that is available
—SYNONYM predict
fore • cast • er / ' forkrestar /
fore • fa • ther / ' forfadar /
( history ) a person (especially a man) in your family who lived a long time ago
—SYNONYM ancestor
fore • ground / ' forgraund /
( art ) the part of a picture that seems nearest to you
—ANTONYM background
fore • head / forhed /
the part of your face above your eyes
for .eign Ф / 'foron ; 'furon /
belonging to or connected with a country that is not your own
for • eign • er / foranar ; faranar /
fore • see / for si /
fore - see - ing , fore saw / for' so / has fore seen
/ for sin / ) (
to know or guess what will happen in the future
—SYNONYM predict
for .est © / 'forest/
( geography ) a large area of land covered with trees
for .ev .er О /fo'г,"vor/
1 for all time
will love you forever.
—SYNONYM always
(
fore • word / ' forward /
( english language arts ) a piece of writing at the beginning of a book, which introduces it
for • gave
forge / ford3 /
to make an illegal copy of something in order to cheat people
forge someone's signature
to sign another person's name, pretending to be that person
for • ger • y / ' ford3ari /
(
[ noncount ] the crime of making an illegal copy of something in order to cheat people
[ count ] something that has been copied in order to cheat people
for .get Ф / for'get /
for - get - ting , for - got / far' gat / has for - got - ten /
far gatn / )
1 to not remember something
forgot her name.
to not bring something with you
to stop thinking about something Forget about your exams and enjoy yourself!
for • get • ful / far ' getfl /
often forgetting things
for .give Ф/ for'giv/
/ far' givn / )
to stop being angry with someone for a bad thing that they did
for • give • ness / far'givnas /
the fact that you stop being angry with someone for a bad thing that they did
for • got, for • got • ten
fork Ф / fork /
a thing with long points at one end, which you use for putting food in your mouth
a large tool with points at one end, which you use for digging in the ground
a place where a road or river divides into two parts
form 1 Ф / form /
[ count ] a type of something
[ count ] a piece of paper with spaces for you to answer questions
[ count, noncount ] the shape of a person or thing
[ count ] ( english language arts ) one of the ways you write or say a word
form 2 Ф / form /
1 to make something or to give a shape to something
to grow or take shape
to start a group or an organization
for .mal © / 'forml/
wore a suit and tie because it was a formal dinner.
official
—ANTONYM informal
►for • mal • ly / ' ЬгшэН /
for • mat aw / ' formret /
[count]
the shape of something, or the way it is arranged or produced
of a time before now
►for • mer • ly / ' ЬгшэгН /
the for • mer / бэ ' Ьгшэг /
the first of two things or people
—ANTONYM the latter
for • mu • la aw Щ / ' ЬгшуэЬ /
( math , general science ) a group of letters, numbers, or symbols that show a rule in mathematics or science
a list of the substances that you need to make something
fort / fort /
a strong building that was made to protect a place against its enemies
forth / for6 /
for • ti • eth
for • tress / ' fortres /
a large strong building that was made to protect a place against its enemies
for • tu • nate / ' fortjomt /
lucky
—ANTONYM unfortunate
►for • tu • nate • ly / ' ЬгУЪпэШ /
—SYNONYM luckily
—ANTONYM unfortunately
for • tune / ' fortjon /
[ count ] a lot of money
[ noncount ] things that happen that you cannot control
—SYNONYM luck
tell someone's fortune
to say what will happen to someone in the future
for .ty © / forti/
Remember! There is a U in four , but no U in forty .
40
the forties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperatures between 40 and 49
in your forties
between the ages of 40 and 49
for • ward Ф / 'forward /
( also for • wards / ' Ьтоэ^ / ) in the direction that is in front of you
in the direction of progress; ahead This new drug is a big step forward.
—ANTONYM backward
look forward to something
for • ward 2 / ' forward /
( for • wards , for • ward • ing , for • ward • ed )
to send a letter or e-mail that you receive at one address to another address
fos • sil / ' fasl /
a part of a dead plant or an animal that has been in the ground for a very long time and has turned into rock
fos • sil fuel / ' fasl if^l /
[ count, noncount ]
fuel such as gas or oil that was formed over millions of years from dead animals or plants in the ground
fos • ter 1 / ' fa^r /
(fos • ters,fos • ter• ing ,fos tered )
to let a good feeling or situation develop
connected with taking a child who needs a home into your family, but without becoming their legal parent
fought
dirty, or with a bad smell or taste
very bad
foul 2 / faul / ( fouls , foul • ing , fouled )
( sports ) to do something to another player that is not allowed
found 1 AWL
found 2 AW / faund / ( founds, found • ing, found ed )
to start a new organization
►foun • der AWL / ' faundsr /
foun • da • tion aw / faun ' deifn /
foundations [ plural ] the bricks or stones that form the solid base of a building, under the ground
[ count, noncount ] the idea or fact on which something is based
[ noncount ] the act of starting a new organization
foun • tain / fauntn /
water that shoots up into the air and then falls down again. You often see fountains in parks and gardens.
fOUr © / for /
on all fours
with your hands and knees on the ground
four .teen © / for'tin /
14
the Fourth of Ju • ly / 6s fore av d3u ' lai /
July 4; a national holiday in the U.S., when Americans celebrate the day in 1776 that America became an independent country
—SYNONYM Independence Day
fox / faks /
foy • er / foisr /
an open area inside the entrance of a house or a large public
building, for example a hotel or theater
[count] (
frac • tion / ' frrekfn /
an exact part of a number
a very small part of something
frac • ture / ' frrektjsr/
( health ) a break in one of your bones
( frac tures,frac tur• ing , frac • tured )
frag • ile / ' frred3l /
A thing that is fragile breaks easily
frag • ment / ' frregmsnt /
a very small piece that has broken off something
fra • grance / ' freigrsns /
[ count, noncount ]
a pleasant smell
fra • grant / ' freigrsnt /
having a pleasant smell
frail / freil /
not strong or healthy
—SYNONYM weak
frame 1 / freim/
a thin piece of wood or metal around the edge of a picture, window, mirror, etc.
strong pieces of wood or metal that give something its shape
the metal or plastic around the edge of a pair of glasses
frame of mind
—SYNONYM mood
frame 2 / freim /
to put a picture in a frame
frame • work Iaw / ' freimwsrk / [count]
the strong part of something that gives it shape
a set of rules or ideas which help you to decide what to do
frank / fi-жцк /
—SYNONYM honest , truthful
► frank • ly / ' fragkli /
fran • tic / ' frrentik /
very busy or in a hurry
extremely worried or frightened
fraud / frod /
[ count, noncount ] doing things that are not honest to get money:
[ count ] a person or thing that is not what they seem to be
fray / frei /
If cloth frays , the threads become loose at the edges
freak 1 / frik /
(
a person who looks strange or behaves in a very strange way
(used about an event or the weather) strange or unusual
freck • les / ' freklz/
able to go where you want and do what you want After five years in prison she was finally free.
If something is free , you do not have to pay for it We have some free tickets for the concert. Children under twelve can stay here free.
not busy
not being used
free from something ; free of something
without something bad
free 2 w / fri /
-free
free .dom О / 'tndom / noun
[ noncount ] being free
[ count, noncount ] the right to do or say what you want
a wide road where vehicles can travel fast
freeze Ф / friz /
to become hard because it is so cold. When water freezes , it becomes ice.
to make food very cold so that it stays fresh for a long time
to stop suddenly and stay very still
to be so cold that you die
freez • er / ' frizэr /
an electric container that keeps food very cold ( frozen ) so that it stays fresh for a long time
freez • ing / ' frizig /
very cold
freez • ing point / ' frizig point /
freight / freit /
things that trucks, ships, trains, and airplanes carry from one place to another
French fries / ' frentf fraiz / ( also fries )
thin pieces of potato cooked in hot oil
French toast / |frentf ' toust /
bread that has been covered with a mixture of eggs and milk and then fried
fren • Zy / ' frenzi /
[ singular , noncount ]
a state of great emotion or activity that is not under control
fre • quen • cy / ' frikwansi /
[ noncount ] the number of times something happens The frequency of fatal accidents has gone down.
[ count, noncount ] ( physics ) the rate at which a sound wave or radio wave moves up and down
fre • quent / ' frikwant /
happening often
—ANTONYM infrequent
fresh Ф / fre/ /
(used especially about food) made or picked not long ago; not frozen or in a can
new or different
clean and cool
(used about water) not containing salt; not from the ocean
fresh • man / ' frejman /
[count]
(
a student who is in ninth grade in high school or the first year of college
— Look
fret / fret /
fric • tion / ' frikjn /
[noncount]
( physics ) the action of one surface rubbing against another
disagreement between people or groups
Fri .day Ф / 'fraidei; 'fraidi/
fridge / frid3 /
(
fried
The word friend sounds like send , because we don't
say the letter i in this word.
a person that you like and know very well
make friends with someone
to become a friend of someone
friend • ly Ф/ 'frendli /
—ANTONYM unfriendly
be friendly with someone
to be someone's friend
friend .ship Ф / ' frendjip /
[ count, noncount ]
the state of being friends with someone
fries 1 / fraiz /
fries 2
fright / frait /
a sudden feeling of fear
fright .en Ф / 'fraitn/
to make someone feel afraid
—SYNONYM scare
►fright • en • ing / ' fraitn^ig /
fright • ened / ' fraitnd /
afraid
afraid feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen. This word cannot come before a noun, so you can say "the man is afraid" but NOT "an afraid man":
frill / fril /
[ count ] a narrow piece of cloth with a lot of folds, which decorates the edge of a shirt, dress, etc.
frills [ plural ] nice things that are added to something, but that you feel are not necessary
►frill • y / ' frili /
fringe / frind3 /
[ count ]
a line of loose strings ( threads ) that decorate the edge of a piece of cloth
friz • zy / frizi /
(used about hair) with a lot of small curls (= curved pieces of hair )
fro / frou /
first one way and then the other way, many times
frog / frog ; frag /
a small green animal that lives in and near water. Frogs have long back legs and they can jump.
a word that shows where someone or something starts
a word that shows when something starts
a word that shows who gave or sent something
a word that shows where someone lives or was born
a word that shows what is used to make something
a word that shows how far away something is
a word that shows how something changes
a word that shows why Children are dying from this disease.
a word that shows difference My book is different from yours.
front © / frmt /
the side or part of something that faces forward and that you usually see first
in front of someone or something
farther forward than another person or thing Alice was sitting in front of her mother on the bus.
when other people are there
fron • tier / frrn' tir /
[ usually singular ] ( history ) land that people are just beginning to live on, especially in the western U.S. in the 1800s
the frontiers [ plural ] the limit between what we know and what we do not know
frost / frost /
ice, like white powder, that covers the ground when the
weather is very cold
► frost • y / frosti /
( frost • i • er, frost • i • est )
frost • ing / ' frostig /
a sweet substance that you use for covering cakes
frown / fraun /
to show that you are angry or worried by making lines appear above your nose
froze
fro • zen 1
(used about food) kept at a very cold temperature so that it stays fresh for a long time
(used about water) turned to ice, or with a layer of ice on the top
fruit Ф / frut /
Pronunciation
The word fruit sounds like boot .
the part of a plant or tree that holds the seeds. Oranges and
apples are types of fruit
fruit sal • ad / |frut ' srebd / [ count, noncount ]
a sweet dish made of small pieces of different kinds of fruit
frus • trat • ed / ' frAstreitad /
feeling angry because you cannot do what you want to do
frus • trat • ing / ' frAstreitig /
making you angry because you cannot do what you want to do
frus • tra • tion / frA 'streifn/
a feeling of anger because you cannot get or do something you want
fry ©/ frai /
fry • ing pan / ' fraiig pren / ( also skil . let / ' skilat/ )
ft.
a type of soft, brown candy made from sugar, butter, milk, and usually chocolate
fuel® / ' fyual/
anything that you burn to make heat or power. Wood, gas,
and oil are kinds of fuel .
fu • gi • tive / ' fyud3ativ /
a person who is running away or escaping, especially from the police
-ful
( in adjectives ) full of something
ful • fill / ful ' fil /
full Ф / ful /
( full • er , full • est )
with a lot of people or things in it, so that there is no more space My glass is full. The bus was full so we waited for the next one. These socks are full of holes.
-►ANTONYM empty
having had enough to eat
complete; with nothing missing
as much, big, etc. as possible
completely; with nothing missing
full moon / |ful ' mun /
the time when you can see all of the moon
ful .ly Ф / 'fuli/
completely; totally
smoke or gases that smell bad and that can be dangerous to breathe in
fun lV/Јm/
pleasure and enjoyment; something that you enjoy
make fun of someone to laugh about someone in an unkind way
enjoyable
func • tion 1 AWL / ' fivgkjn/
the special work that a person or thing does
an important social event
func • tion 2 AWL / ' fAgkJn /
( func - tions , func - tion - ing , func - tioned )
fund 1 AW Щ / Јrnd /
money that will be used for something special
fund 2 AW / Јrnd / !
( funds , fund - ing , fund - ed )
fun •da • men • tal |aWL / fAnda ' mental /
—SYNONYM basic
fund -rais • ing / ' Јrnd |reizig /
[ noncount ]
the activity of collecting money for a particular use
fu • ner • al / ' fyunaral/
the time when a dead person is buried or burned
fun • gus / ' Ј\ggas /
fun • nel / ' fiml /
a tube that is wide at the top to help you pour things into
bottles
fun .пуф/ f \иi /
making you laugh or smile: a funny story He's so funny!
—SYNONYM amusing
strange or surprising
fur Ф / far /
the soft, thick hair that covers the bodies of some animals ►fur • ry / ' fari /
fu • ri • ous / fyurias /
Please don't be angry at me. ♦ His behavior made me angry . ♦ I was angry with him for breaking my phone.
mad
very angry. This word cannot come before a noun with this meaning:
I had a furious argument with my mother last night. annoyed a little angry: She's annoyed at/with herself for making such a stupid mistake. ♦ I was annoyed to see that they had left the door open. ♦ Why are you getting annoyed ?
fur • nace / ' farnas /
a closed container with a fire inside it, used for heating buildings or for heating metals, making glass, etc.
fur • nish / ' farnif /
to put furniture in a room, house, etc.
with furniture already in it
fur • nish • ings / ' farnifigz /
fur . ni . ture Ф / 'farmer /
tables, chairs, beds, etc.
1 more; extra
have nothing further to say
at or to a greater distance in time
(
—SYNONYM farther Which word? Farther or further?
In formal English, you should use farther to talk about distance in space:
fur • ther • more AWB / ' fsrdsrmor /
—SYNONYM moreover fur • thest
fu • ry / ' fyuri/
fuse / fyuz /
a small wire inside a piece of electrical equipment that stops it from working if too much electricity goes through it
a piece of string that is lit to make a bomb explode
fu • sion / ' fyu3n /
[ noncount , singular ] joining different things together to form one
[ noncount ] ( physics ) the process of combining atoms so that they release energy
fuss 1 / Ј\s /
a lot of excitement or worrying about small things that are not important
to pay a lot of attention to someone
fuss 2 / Ј\s /
to worry and get excited about small things that are not important
to pay too much attention to someone or something They were fussing over all the details of the party.
fuss • y / ' fi\si /
caring a lot about small things that are not important, and difficult to please
fu • tile / ' fyutl /
A futile action has no chance of success
►fu • til • i • ty / fyu' tilsti /
fU .tUre 1 Ф / 'fyutjor /
[ singular , count ] the time that will come No one knows what will happen in the future . The company's future is uncertain.
he future (also the fu ture tense / 6s ifyut/sr ' tens /)
[ singular ] ( English language arts ) the form of a verb that shows what will happen after now
— Look
fU .tUre 2 Ф / 'fyutjor/
happening or existing in the time that will come
fuzz • y / ' fAzi /
not clear
Gg
G, g / d3i /
(
g abbreviation of gram It weighs 100 g.
gadg • et / ' g®d3st /
a small machine or useful tool
gain Ф / gem /
1 to get something that you want or need
gained useful experience from that job.
to get more of something I've gained weight recently.
gal • ax • y / ' grelsksi /
a very large group of stars and planets
gale / geil /
a very strong wind
gal • ler • y / ' grebri /
( art ) a place where people can look at or buy art
gal . Ion Ф / 'gsebn/
a unit for measuring liquid (= 8 pints, or around 3.8 liters). There are four quarts in a gallon .
gal • lop / ' grebp /
gam • ble / ' grembl /
to try to win money by playing games that need luck
to take a risk, hoping that something will happen
gam • ble
something that you do without knowing if you will win or lose:
gam • bler / ' grembbr / noun [ count ] He was a gambler all his life.
gam • bling / ' gremblig /
the activity of trying to win money by playing games that need luck:
game Ф / geim/
[ count ] something you play that has rules
[ noncount ] wild animals or birds that people kill for sport or food
game show / ' geimJou /
a television program in which people play games or answer questions to win prizes
gang 1 / greg /
an organized group of criminals
a group of young people who spend a lot of time together and often cause trouble or fight against other groups
( informal ) a group of friends The whole gang is coming tonight.
( gangs,gang ing ,ganged )
gang • ster / ' gжgstэr /
a member of a group of criminals ga p / grep /
a space in something or between two things; a space where something should be
gape / geip /
to look at someone or something with your mouth open
because you are surprised
ga • rage / gэ ' газ /
[count]
a building where you keep your car
a place where vehicles are repaired
ga • rage sale / gэ'газ |seil /
a sale in someone's yard or garage of used things that people do not want anymore
gar .bage Ф /'дш-ыаз
[noncount]
things that you do not want anymore; waste material
the place where you put waste material Please throw your wrappers in the garbage .
( informal ) something that you think is bad, stupid, or wrong: I don't know why you watch that garbage on TV. You're talking garbage!
—SYNONYM trash
gar .bage can
/ ' garbid3 |kren /
a large container for garbage that you keep outside your house
—SYNONYM trash can
gar • bage man / 'garbid3 mren /
[ count ] (
gar • bage truck / 'garbid3 tmk /
[count]
a large vehicle for collecting garbage from people's garbage cans
gar .den О / gardn /
a piece of land by your house where you can grow flowers,
fruit, and vegetables
gar • den
( gar • dens , gar • den • ing , gar • dened )
to work in a garden
gar • den • ing / ' gardnig /
the work that you do in a garden to keep it looking attractive
gar • den • er / ' gardrnr /
[ count ]
a person who works in a garden
gar • lic
/ ' garlik /
gar • ment / ' garmant /
a piece of clothing
gas Ф / gses /
[ count, noncount ] ( general science ) a substance like air that is not a solid or a liquid
[ noncount ] a gas with a strong smell, which you burn to make heat
[ noncount ] a liquid that you put in a car to make it go
—SYNONYM gasoline
the gas [ singular ] (
= gas pedal
gas • e • ous / ' gresias ; ' gre/as /
( chemistry ) like gas, or containing a gas
gas • o • line / |gresa 'lin /
a liquid that you put in a car to make it go —SYNONYM gas
gasp / gresp /
►gasp
gas ped • al / ' gres |pedl /
the part of a vehicle that you press with your foot when you want it to go faster
gas sta • tion / ' gres |steifn /
a place where you can buy fuel and other things for your car
gate Ф / geit /
a thing like a door in a fence or wall, which opens so that you can go through
a door in an airport that you go through to reach the airplane
gath • er / ' gredar /
( gath ers , gath er • ing , gath • ered )
1 to come together in a group
to bring together things that are in different places
to believe or understand something
gath • er • ing / ' gredarig /
a time when people come together; a meeting
gauge 1 / geid3 /
an instrument that measures how much of something there is
gauge 2 / geid3 /
(gaug • es,gaug • ing ,gauged)
to judge, calculate, or guess something
gave
attracted to people of the same sex —SYNONYM homosexual
an old-fashioned word meaning happy and full of fun
gaze / geiz /
GDP / d3i di ' pi /
( business ) the total value of all the goods and services produced by a country in one year. GDP is short for "gross domestic product."
Look at GNP . gear / gir / noun
[ count ] the parts in a car engine or a bicycle that control how fast the wheels turn around
[ noncount ] special clothes or equipment that you need for a job or sport
gear • shift / ' girfift /
a stick that you use for changing gears ( 1 ) in a car or other vehicle
Look at the picture at steering wheel .
GED / |d3i i ' di /
an official certificate that people who did not finish high school can get, after taking a special test. GED is short for "General Equivalency Diploma."
a word that you say to show surprise, pleasure, etc.
geek / gik /
a person who spends a lot of time on a particular interest and who is not popular or fashionable
—SYNONYM nerd
geese
gel / d3el /
a thick substance that is between a liquid and a solid
gem / d3em /
a stone that is very valuable and can be made into jewelry —SYNONYM jewel
gen • der aw / ' d3endar / n [ count, noncount ]
the fact of being male or female
( english language arts ) (in some languages) the division of nouns and some other words into masculine and feminine ; one of these types
gene / d3in /
( biology ) one of the parts inside a cell that control what a living thing will be like. Genes are passed from parents to children
gen .er .al 1© / d3enaral /
of, by, or for most people or things
not in detail
in general
usually
gen • er • al 2 / ' d3enaral /
a very important officer in the army
gen • er • al • iZe / d3enralaiz /
to form an opinion or make a statement using only a small amount of information
► gen • er • al • i • za • tion / ^enrala ' zeifn /
[ count, noncount ]
gen • er • al knowl • edge
/ |d3enaral ' nalid3 /
gen .er .al .ly Ф /'а^мки/adverb
usually; mostly
gen • er • ate AWL / ' d3enareit /
to make something such as heat or electricity
gen • er • a • tion aw / |d3ena ' reifn /
[count ]
all the people in a family, group, or country who were born at around the same time
gen • er • a • tor / ' d3ena|reitar /
( physics ) a machine that produces electricity
gen • er • os • i • ty / ^ena ' rasati /
liking to give things to other people
gen .er .OUS © / 'djrnoros/
always ready to give people things or to spend money
gen • er • ous • ly / ' d3enarasli / adverb Please give generously.
ge • net • ic / d3a ' netik /
( biology ) connected with the parts in the cells of living things (called genes ) that control what a person, animal, or plant will be like
ge • net • i • cal • ly mod • i • fied
/ d3a|netikli ' madafaid /
ge • net • ic en • gi • neer • ing
/ d3a|netik |end3a 'nirig /
ge • net • ics / d3a 'netiks /
( biology ) the scientific study of the way that the development of living things is controlled by qualities that have been passed on from parents to children
ge • nie / ' d3ini /
a spirit with magic powers, especially one that lives in a bottle or a lamp
gen • ius / ' d3inyas /
a very intelligent person:
( english language arts ) a particular type of writing, art, movie, or music
gen .tie © / 'd3entl/
quiet and kind
not strong or unpleasant
gen • tly / ' d3entli / adverb She stroked the kitten very gently.
gen .tie .man ®7 'd3ent3im3n/
(
a man who is polite and kind to other people
( formal ) a polite way of saying "man" There is a gentleman here to see you.
gen • u • ine / ' d3enyusn /
real and true
►gen • u • ine • ly / ' d3enyusnli /
ge • og • ra • phy / d3i agrsfi /
( geography ) the study of the earth and everything on it, such as mountains, rivers, land, and people
ge • o • graph • i • cal / |d3is ' grrefikl /
ge • ol • o • gy / d3i alsd3i /
( general science ) the study of rocks and soil and how they were made
ge • o • log • i • cal / d3is ' lad3ikl /
ge • ol • o • gist / d3i'alsd3ist /
a person who studies or knows a lot about geology
ge • om • e • try / d3i 'amstri /
( math ) the study in mathematics of things like lines, shapes, and angles
ge • o • met • ric / d3is ' metrik /
connected with geometry ; consisting of regular shapes and lines
ge • ra • ni • um / d3s 'reinism /
a plant with red, white, or pink flowers germ / d3srm /
( biology , health ) a very small living thing that can make you sick
ger • mi • nate / ' d3srmsneit /
( biology ) (used about a seed of a plant) to start growing; to cause a seed to do this
ger • mi • na • tion / |d3srms 'neijn
( english language arts ) a noun, ending in -ing, which has been made from a verb
ges • ture 1 / ' d3estfsr /
a movement of your head or hand to show how you feel or what you want
ges • ture 2 / ' d3estjsr /
get © / get /
to become He is getting fat. Mom got angry. It's getting cold.
to receive something
to go and bring back someone or something
to buy or take something
a word that you use with part of another verb to show that something happens to someone or something
to start to have an illness
to arrive somewhere
to travel on something, such as a train or a bus
to make someone do something
to understand or hear something
to have the opportunity to do something
get ahead to become more successful in something,
especially your work
get along words that you use to say or ask how well
someone does something
get along with someone to live or work in a friendly
way with someone
get around to something ; get around to doing
something to find the time to do something
get away to manage to leave or escape from someone or
a place
get away with something to do something bad and
not be punished for it
get back to return
get behind to fail to do something, pay something, etc.
on time
get in ; get into something to climb into a car
get off ; get off something to leave something such as a train, bus, or bicycle
get something out to take something from the place where it was
get over something to become well or happy again
after you have been sick or sad
get through to be able to speak to someone on the telephone
get through something to use or finish a certain
amount of something
get together to meet; to come together in a group
get up
to stand up
to get out of bed
get up to something to reach a particular place, for
example in a book
Style
Got is sometimes used in the phrase have got . This is used in spoken English and means "to have":
ghet • to / ' getou /
a part of a city where many poor people live
ghost / goust /
the form of a dead person that a living person thinks they
see
gi • ant 1 / ' d3aiant /
(in stories) a very big, tall person
gift Ф / gift /
something that you give to or get from someone This week's magazine comes with a special free gift.
—SYNONYM present
the natural ability to do something well
—SYNONYM talent
gig • a • byte / ' gigabait / (
( computers ) a unit of computer memory, equal to about a billion bytes (= small units of information )
gi • gan • tic / d3ai grentik /
gig • gle / 'gigl /
to laugh in a silly way
►gig • gle
gill / gil/
( biology ) the part on each side of a fish that it breathes through
gin • ger / ' d3ind3ar /
[noncount]
a plant with a hot strong taste, which is used in cooking
gin • ger ale / ' d3ind3ar |eil /
a drink with bubbles in it that does not contain alcohol and is made with ginger ; a bottle or glass of this drink
gin • ger • bread / ' d3ind3arbred /
[noncount]
a type of cookie or cake made with ginger
gi • raffe / d3a 'rref /
a big animal from Africa with a very long neck and long legs
girl .friend Ф / ' garlfrend/
a girl or woman who someone has a romantic relationship with
a girl or woman's female friend
the Girl Scouts / da ' garl |skauts /
[ singular ]
a special club for girls, which does a lot of activities with them and teaches them useful skills ► Girl Scout
give ©/ giv/
has giv • en / ' givn / ) 1 to let someone have something
gave my ticket to the man at the door.
to make a sound or movement
to make someone have or feel something That noise is giving me a headache. Whatever gave you that idea?
to perform something in public
give someone back something ; give something back to someone to return something to someone
give in to accept or agree to something that you did not
want to accept or agree to
give up to stop trying to do something
give something up to stop doing or having something
giv • en name / ' g^n neim /
Your first name or given name is the name that your parents give you when you are born. Many people also have a middle name . Your last name or family name is the name that everyone in your family has. When a woman gets married, she usually takes her husband's last name. Her old last name is then called her maiden name , and her new one is her married name .
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
gla • cier / ' gie^r /
[ count ]
( geography ) a large area of ice that moves slowly down a mountain
—SYNONYM pleased
► glad • ly / ' glredli /
If you do something gladly , you are happy to do it
Word building
glam • or • ous / ' glremэrэs /
attractive in an exciting way
the quality of seeming to be more exciting and attractive than ordinary things and people
glance 1 / glrens /
to look quickly at someone or something
glance 2 / glrens /
a quick look
at a glance
gland / glrend /
( biology ) a small part inside your body that produces a chemical substance for your body to use
glare 1 / gler /
1 to shine with a bright light that hurts your eyes
2 to look at someone in an angry way
glare 2 / gler /
[ noncount ] strong light that hurts your eyes
[ count ] a long, angry look
A glaring light is very bright and hurts your eyes
very bad and easy to notice
glass О / glres /
cut myself on some broken glass. a glass jar
[ count ] a thing made of glass that you drink from
glass.es О
/
/ ' glresэz [plural]
two pieces of glass or plastic (called lenses ) in a frame, which people wear over their eyes to help them see better
Be careful! Glasses is a plural noun so you cannot say "a glasses."
gleam / glim /
to shine with a soft light
gleam noun [ count , usually singular ] I could see a gleam of light through the trees.
glee / gli /
a feeling of happiness, especially when something bad happens to someone else
glide / glaid /
to move smoothly and quietly The dancers glided across the floor.
to fly in a glider
glid • er / ' gla^r /
an airplane without an engine
glim • mer / ' glImэr /
a small, weak light
a small sign of something There's still a glimmer of hope .
glim • mer
( glim • mers , glim • mer • ing , glim • mered )
glim pse / giimps /
a view of someone or something that is quick and not clear
►glimpse
( glimps • es , glimps • ing , glimpsed )
glis • ten / ' glisn /
(used about wet surfaces) to shine
glitch / glitf /
a small problem or fault that stops something from working correctly
glit • ter / ' glitsr /
glit tered )
to shine with a lot of small flashes of bright light
glit • ter • ing / ' glitsrig /
shining with a lot of small flashes of bright light
very successful and exciting
gloat / glout /
to show that you are happy about your own success or
someone else's failure
glob • al © AWL / ' gloubl/
of or about the whole world
►glob • al • ly AWL / ' gloubsli /
glob • al • i • za • tion IawlI / igloubsls 'zeijn /
( business ) the fact that different cultures and economic systems are becoming similar because of the influence of large international companies and of improved communications
glob • al warm • ing / igloubl 'wormig /
[noncount]
the fact that the earth's atmosphere is getting hotter because of increases in certain gases
— Look
globe aw / gloub /
[ count ] a round object with a map of the world on it
the globe [ singular ] the world He's traveled all over the globe.
gloom / glum /
a state when it is almost completely dark
a feeling of being sad and without hope
( gloom i • er , gloom • i • est )
dark and sad What a gloomy day!
sad and without hope
► gloom • i • ly / ' glumsli /
glo • ri • ous / ' gloriss /
(
wonderful or beautiful The weather was glorious.
glo • ry / ' glori /
fame (= being known by many people ) and respect that you get when you do great things
great beauty
glos • sa • ry / ' glassri /
( english language arts ) a list of difficult words and their meanings, especially at the end of a book
gloss • y / ' glasi /
smooth and shiny
glove © / gkv /
a thing that you wear to keep your hand warm or safe
glow / glou /
to send out soft light or heat without flames or smoke
glow noun [ singular ] the glow of the sky at sunset
glue 1 / glu /
[noncount]
a thick liquid that you use for sticking things together — Look
glue 2 / glu /
to stick one thing to another thing with glue
glued to something
giving all your attention to something and not wanting to leave it
glum / gl.\m /
sad and quiet
glum • ly / gl.mli /
GM / |d3i ' em /
to bite something for a long time
( business ) the total value of everything that is produced by a country in one year, including the money earned from foreign countries. GNP is short for "gross national
product."
go lO / gou /
has gone / gon ; gan / )
1 to move from one place to another
Which word?
Been or gone?
to travel to a place to do something
to leave a place
to lead to a place
to have as its place
to happen in a certain way How is your new job going ? The week went very quickly.
to become He's going bald.
to make a certain sound
to disappear
to be or look good with something else
—SYNONYM match be going to
words that show what you plan to do in the future
words that you use when you are sure that something will happen in the future
go away to leave a person or place; to leave the place
where you live for at least one night
go back to return to a place where you were before
go by to pass
words you say to encourage someone to try hard to get or achieve something
go off
to explode
to make a sudden loud noise
to happen What's going on?
to continue
to start working
1 to leave the place where you live or work for a short time, returning on the same day
went out for a walk. We're going out tonight.
to stop shining or burning
to have a romantic relationship with someone
go ovei to go to someone's home
go over something to look at or explain something
carefully from the beginning to the end
—SYNONYM go through something
go through something
1 to look in or at something carefully because you want to find something
went through all my pockets, but I couldn't find my wallet.
to look at or explain something carefully from the beginning to the end
—SYNONYM go over something
to have a bad experience
—SYNONYM rise
how's it going?
how are you?
remaining until something ends
to be very active or busy
goal Ф / goul/
[ count ]
something that you want to do very much
Thesaurus
purpose the reason for doing something; what something is used for or is supposed to achieve:
( sports ) the place where the ball, etc. must go to win a point in sports such as soccer or hockey
( sports ) a point that a team wins when the ball, etc. goes into the goal
goal • keep • er / ' goui|kipar /
( also
goal • tend • er / ' goul|tendar / ( also
goat / gout /
god
ф / gad/ ( religion )
God [ singular ] the one great spirit that Christians, Jews, and Muslims believe made the world
[ count ] a spirit or force that people believe has power over them and nature
god • child / ' gadtfaild /
god • dess / ' gadas /
(
( religion ) a female god
god • par • ent / ' gad|perant /
( also god • fa • ther / ' gadfadar / god • moth • er / ' gad|mAdar / )
( religion ) a person that parents choose to help their child and teach them about the Christian religion
goes
gog • gles / ' gagiz /
big glasses that you wear so that water, dust, or wind cannot get in your
eyes
go .ing
gold Ф / gould /
a yellow metal that is very valuable
made of gold; with the color of gold
made of gold a golden crown
with the color of gold
gold • fish / ' gouldfif /
a small orange fish that people keep as a pet golf / galf /
( sports ) a game that you play by hitting a small ball into holes with a long stick (called a golf club )
golf course / ' galf kors /
[count]
( sports ) a large piece of land, covered in grass, where people play golf
gone
good 1 Ф / gud /
1 done or made very well
pleasant or enjoyable Did you have a good time? The weather was very good.
—SYNONYM nice
able to do something well She's a good driver. James is very good at tennis.
kind, or doing the right thing
having a useful or helpful effect
right or suitable
a word that you use when you are pleased
Style
We often say excellent , fantastic , great or terrific
instead of "very good."
good 2 Ф / gud /
[noncount]
something that is right or helpful
be no good ; not be any good
to not be useful
do someone good
to make someone well or happy
for good
forever
a word that you say when someone goes away, or when you go away
good-look • ing / |gud ' lukig /
(used about people) nice to look at
good • ness / ' gudrns /
[noncount]
being good or kind
something in food that is good for your health Fresh vegetables have a lot of goodness in them.
for goodness' sake
thank goodness
words that show you are happy because a problem or
danger has gone away
words that you say when you leave someone in the evening
or when someone is going to bed
Style
goods Ф / gudz/
goof / guf /
goof around to spend your time doing silly things
goose / gus /
[count]
goose • bumps / ' gusbvmps /
small points or lumps that appear on your skin because you are cold or scared
[count] Э r
a small animal with brown fur that digs holes in the ground
gorge / gord3 /
( geography ) a narrow valley with sides that go up very quickly (that are steep )
gor • geous / ' gordзэs /
very good or attractive
go • ril • la / gs ' rils /
an African animal like a very big black monkey
go • ry / ' gori /
full of violence and blood
a word that shows surprise
gos • pel / ' gaspl /
Gospel [ count ] ( religion ) one of the four books in the Bible that describe the life and ideas of Jesus Christ
( also gos . pel mu . sic ) [ noncount ] ( music ) a style of religious music that was developed by African-American Christians
gos • sip / ' gassp /
talk about other people that is often unkind or not true
( gos • sips, gos sip • ing, gos • siped )
got, got • ten
gov .ern Ф / 'длуэгп/
( politics ) to officially rule or control a country, or part of a country
gov .ern .ment Ф/ 'gAVsrmsnt
( politics ) the group of people who officially rule or control a country
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
gov • er • nor / ' g.vsnsr /
( politics ) a person who rules a state in the U.S.
gown / gaun /
a long dress that a woman wears at a special time
a long, loose piece of clothing that people wear to do a special job. Judges and doctors sometimes wear gowns .
GPA / |d3i pi ' ei /
gra b / grab /
to take something in a rough and sudden way
grace / greis /
a beautiful way of moving
( religion ) thanks to God that people say before or after they eat
grace • ful / greisfl /
A person or thing that is graceful moves in a smooth and beautiful way
grace • ful • ly / ' greisfsli / adverb He moves very gracefully.
gra • cious / ' greifss /
(used about people's behavior) kind and polite
gra • cious • ly / ' grei/ssli / adverb She accepted the invitation graciously.
grade i®E
Ц / greid /
a number or letter that a teacher gives for your work to show how good it is
one of the levels in a school, where all the children are the same age
In the U.S., children start elementary school when they are 5. The first year of this is called kindergarten
When children are around 11 years old, they move to middle school (or junior high school ), and when they reach the age of around 14, they start high school .
Each year of school is called a grade . When a child is around 6 years old they are in first grade , and the last year of high school is the twelfth grade .
the level or quality of something
grade 2OQ / greid / (grades,grad • ing ,grad ed )
to look at the work that a student has done and give it a number or letter to show how good it is
to sort things or people into sizes or kinds
grade point av • er • age
/ ' greid point |®vrid3 /
a number that is calculated from the average of all the grades that a student receives in his or her courses
grade school / 'greid skul /
[ count, noncount ]
gra • di • ent / ' greidiant /
how much and how quickly a road goes up and down
grad • u • al / ' grred3ual /
happening slowly
grad • u • al • ly / ' grred3uali /
slowly, over a long period of time
grad • u • ate 1 / ' grred3uat /
a person who has finished their studies at a university, college, or school
grad • u • ate 2 / ' grred3ueit /
to finish your studies at a school, college, or university and receive an official piece of paper (called a diploma )
grad • u • ate school / ' grred3uat skul /
[count]
a part of a university where you can study for a second or higher degree
grad • u • a • tion / |grred3u' eifn /
[ noncount ] the act of successfully completing a high school, college, or university degree
[ singular ] a ceremony for people who have successfully completed a high school, college, or university degree
graf • fi • ti / gra ' fiti /
words or pictures that people write or draw on walls
grain Ф /grem/
[ noncount ] the seeds of a plant that we eat, for example rice or wheat
[ count ] a very small, hard piece of something
a measure of weight. There are 1,000 grams in a
kilogram
gram .mar Ф /'дгжтэг/ noun
[noncount]
Spelling
Remember! You spell grammar with AR at the end, not ER .
( english language arts ) the rules that tell you how to put
words together when you speak or write
gram • mat • i • cal / gra ' mretikl /
( english language arts )
connected with grammar
correct because it follows the rules of grammar
grand / grrend /
very big, important, or rich
grand .child © / ' grrentjaild /
grand • daugh • ter / 'grren|dotar /
[ count ]
the daughter of your son or daughter
grand .fa .ther
( also
the father of your mother or father
grand .moth .er © / ' grre^mAdar /
( also
the mother of your mother or father
grand .par .ent © / grren|perant /
[ count ]
the mother or father of your mother or father
grand • son / ' grrensAn /
the son of your son or daughter
grand • stand / ' grrendstrend /
( sports ) lines of seats, with a roof over them, where you sit to watch a sport
gra • no • la / gra ' noula /
[ noncount ]
food made with grains, nuts, etc. that you eat with milk for breakfast
grant 1 AWL / grrent /
to be so used to someone or something that you forget you are lucky to have them
grant 2 AWL / grrent /
money that you are given for a special reason
grape / greip /
a small green or purple fruit that we eat or make into wine
grape • fruit / greipfrut /
a fruit that looks like a big orange, but is yellow
the grape • vine / da ' greipvain /
[ singular ]
graph / grref /
( math ) a picture that shows how numbers or amounts are different from each other
( art ) connected with drawings, diagrams, etc.
clear and giving a lot of detail, especially about something unpleasant
( art , computers ) drawings, pictures, and diagrams
grasp / grresp /
to hold something firmly
to understand something
grasp noun [ singular , noncount ] The ball fell from my grasp.
grass © / grses /
a plant with thin green leaves that covers fields and yards. Cows and sheep eat grass
grass • y / ' grresi /
grass • hop • per
/ ' grres|hapar /
an insect that can jump high in the air and makes a sound with its back legs
grate / greit /
If you grate food, you rub it over a metal tool (called a grater ) so that it is in very small pieces
grate .ful © / 'greitfl/
The noun is gratitude . —ANTONYM ungrateful
grate • ful • ly / ' greitfali / adverb She nodded gratefully.
grat • er / ' greitar /
a kitchen tool with holes in it, which is used to cut food into very small pieces by rubbing it across its surface
grat • i • tude / ' grretatud/
gra • tu • i • ty / gra 'tuati /
a small amount of extra money that you give to someone who serves you, for example in a restaurant
—SYNONYM tip
grave 1 / greiv /
a hole in the ground where a dead person's body is buried
grave 2 / greiv /
very bad or serious
grav • el / ' grrevl /
very small stones that are used for making paths and roads
grave • stone / ' greivstoun /
a piece of stone on a grave 1 that shows the name of the dead person
grave • yard / ' greivyard /
a piece of land, usually near a church, where dead people are buried
grav • i • ty / ' grrevati /
( physics ) the force that pulls everything toward the earth
gra • vy / ' greivi/
a hot, brown sauce that you eat with meat
gray Ф / grei /
with a color like black and white mixed together
gray
graze / greiz /
to eat grass
to hurt your skin by rubbing it against something rough
graze
grease / gris /
[noncount]
greas • y / ' grisi /
great ©/ greit /
The word great sounds like late .
1 very large
important or special Einstein was a great scientist.
very; very good
very nice or enjoyable I had a great weekend. It's great to see you!
—SYNONYM wonderful
great- / greit /
a word that you put before other words to show some members of a family. For example, your great- grandmother is the mother of your grandmother or grandfather, and your great-grandchildren are the grandchildren of your son or daughter.
great • ly / ' greitli /
very much
greed / grid /
the feeling that you want more of something than you need
greed • y / gridi /
A greedy person wants or takes more of something than they need
green 1 Ф / grin /
with the color of leaves and grass
covered with grass or other plants
connected with protecting the environment or the natural world
green 2 Ф / grin /
[ count, noncount ]
the color of leaves and grass
green card / ' grin kard /
an official card that shows that someone from another country is allowed to live and work in the U.S.
green • house / ' grinhaus /
the green • house ef • fect
/ бэ ' grinhaus ifekt /
— Look
green • house gas / |grinhaus gres /
greet / grit /
to welcome someone or say hello when you meet them
greet • ing / ' gritig /
[ count ] friendly words that you say when you meet someone
greetings [ plural ] friendly words that you write to someone at a special time
gre•nade / gre ' neid / [count]
a small bomb that can be thrown by hand or fired from a gun
grew
grid / grid /
lines that cross each other to make squares, for example on a map
grief / grif /
great sadness, especially because someone has died
grieve / griv /
to feel great sadness, especially because someone has died
grill 1 / gril /
a metal frame that you put food on to cook over a fire
grill 2 / gril /
to cook food, such as meat and fish, on metal bars over a fire
grim / grim /
(used about a person) very serious and not smiling
(used about a situation) very bad and making you feel worried
grim • ace / ' grimas /
to show on your face that you are angry or that something is
hurting you
grim • ace
grin / grin /
to have a big smile on your face
grin
grind / graind /
( grinds , grind - ing , ground / graund / has ground )
to make something into very small pieces or powder by crushing it
Look at ground 3 .
grip / grip /
to hold something tight
grip • ping / ' gripig /
very exciting, in a way that holds your attention
grit / grit /
griz • Zly bear / 'grizli ber /
a large, brown, North American bear
groan / groun /
to make a deep sad sound, for example because you are
unhappy or in pain
groan
gro .cer .ies © / 'groussnz/
gro • cer • y store / grousari |stor /
[ count ]
a store where food and other small things for the home are sold
groom / grum /
a man on the day of his wedding —SYNONYM bridegroom ,
Look
a person whose job is to take care of horses
groove / gruv /
a long, thin cut in the surface of something hard
grope / group /
to try to find something by using your hands, when you cannot see
gross / grous /
grouch • y / ' grautji /
feeling angry and behaving in an angry way
ground © / graund /
the ground [ singular ] the surface of the earth We sat on the ground to eat our picnic.
[ count ] a piece of land that is used for something special
grounds [ plural ] the land around a large building
ground 2
cut or crushed into very small pieces or powder
ground floor / |graund ' flor/
the part of a building that is at the same level as the street
—SYNONYM first floor
group 1 © / grup /
a number of people or things together
( music ) a number of people who play music together —SYNONYM band
group 2 / grup /
to put things or people into groups, or to form a group
g rOW © / grou /
(grows, grow - ing, grew / gru / has grown / groun / )
to become bigger Children grow very quickly.
When a plant grows somewhere, it lives there
to plant something in the ground and take care of it
to allow your hair or nails to grow
to become
—SYNONYM get
grow into something to get bigger and become something
grow out of something to become too big to do or
wear something
grow up to become an adult; to change from a child to a man or woman
growl / graul /
If a dog growls , it makes a low angry sound
growl
grown-up / ' groun Ap /
a man or woman, not a child
growth © / grou9 /
grub / gr.b /
[ count ] ( biology ) a young insect when it comes out of the egg
[ noncount ] (
food
grub • by / ' gr.bi /
dirty
grudge / gr.d3 /
a feeling of anger toward someone, because of something bad that they have done to you in the past
grue • some / ' grussm /
very bad in a way that shocks you
grum • ble / grAmbl /
to say many times that you do not like something
grump • y / ' gr.mpi /
a little angry
grunt / gr.nt /
to make a short rough sound, like a pig makes
grunt
gua • ca • mo • le / |gwaks ' mouli /
[noncount]
a type of soft food that is made from a green fruit (an avocado ) that has been crushed
guar • an • tee 1 awl / g^rsn ' ti /
[ count, noncount ]
1 ( business ) a written promise by a company that it will repair or replace a thing you have bought, if it breaks or stops working
—SYNONYM warranty 2 a promise that something will happen
guar • an • tee 2 awl / ^rsn ' ti /
( guar • an tees , guar • an • tee • ing , guar an • teed )
( business ) to say that you will repair or replace a thing that someone has bought, if it breaks or stops working
to promise that something will be done or will happen
guard 1Ф / gard /
( guards , guard ing, guard • ed )
to keep someone or something safe from other people, or to
stop someone from escaping
guard 2O / gard /
The word guard sounds like yard .
a person who keeps someone or something safe from other people, or who stops someone from escaping
be on guard
to be ready if something bad happens
guard • i • an / ' gardisn /
a person who takes care of a child with no parents
guer • ril • la ( also gue ril • la ) / gs ' rils /
a person who is not in an army, but who fights secretly against the government or an army
guess О/ ges/ verb
( guess•es,guess• ing ,guessed )
to give an answer when you do not know if it is right
words you say when you think something is probably true,
or you are not sure about something
► guess
gUeSt © / gest /
a person that you invite to your home or to a party or special event
a person who is staying in a hotel
guid • ance / ' gaidns /
help and advice
guid • ance coun • se • lor
/ ' gaidns |kaunsslsr /
a person who works in a school and whose job is to give students advice about college, personal problems, etc.
guide 1Ф / gaid /
a person who shows other people where to go and tells them about a place
a book that tells you about something, or how to do something
another word for guidebook a guide to San Francisco guide 2 / gaid / verb ( guides , guid • ing , guid • ed )
guide • book / ' gaidbuk / ( also guide )
[ count ]
a book that tells you about a place you are visiting
guide • lines aw и / ' gaidlainz /
official advice or rules on how to do something
guilt / gilt /
the bad feeling you have when you know that you have done something wrong
the fact of having broken the law The police could not prove his guilt.
—ANTONYM innocence
guilt .у О / 'gilti/
1 If you feel guilty , you feel that you have done something wrong
feel guilty about lying to her.
If you are guilty , you have broken the law
—ANTONYM innocent
guin • ea pig / ' gmi pig /
a small animal with short ears and no tail, which people often keep as a pet
( general science ) a person who is used in an experiment
gui • tar / gi 'tar /
► gui • tar • ist / gi 'tarist /
a person who plays the guitar
acoustic bass electric
guitar guitar guitar
gulf / gAlf /
( geography ) a large part of the ocean that has land almost all the way around it
gull / gAl /
a large gray or white bird that lives by the ocean
—SYNONYM seagull
gulp / gAlp /
to eat or drink something quickly
to swallow because you are scared, surprised, etc.
[ count ] Your gums are the hard pink parts of your mouth that hold the teeth.
[ noncount ] ( also chew • ing gum / ' t|uig gAm / ) a sweet, sticky candy that you keep in your mouth for a long time and bite many times but do not swallow
gun & / длп/
a weapon that shoots out pieces of metal (called bullets ) to kill or hurt people or animals
gun • fire / ' gAnfarar /
[noncount]
the act of firing a gun or guns; the sound that this makes
gun • man / ' gAnmэn /
gun • point / ' gAnpoint /
while threatening someone, or being threatened with a gun
gun • pow • der / ' gAn|paudэr /
[noncount]
powder that explodes. It is used in guns and bombs.
gun • shot / ' gAnJat /
the firing of a gun or the sound that this makes
gu • ru / ' guru ; ' guru /
( religion ) a leader or teacher in the Hindu religion
(
gush / g.\|'/
gust / gAst /
guts / gAts /
( biology ) the stomach, and other parts near it, inside the body of people and animals
(
gut • ter / ' gAter /
[count]
a pipe under the edge of a roof to carry away water when it rains
the lower part at the edge of a road where water is carried away when it rains
[ count ] a man He's a nice guy.
guys [ plural ] used when speaking to a group of men and women or boys and girls
gym / d3im /
( also
[ count ] a room or building with equipment for doing physical exercise
[ noncount ] ( sports ) a class in school in which you do physical exercises and play sports
gym • nas • tics
/ d3im nrestiks /
( sports ) exercises for your body
gy • ne • col • o • gy / |gaina 'kalad3i /
[noncount]
( health ) the study and treatment of medical problems that only women have
►gy • ne • col • o • gist / |gaina 'kalad3ist /
gyp • sy / ' d3ipsi /
Gypsies are people who travel around instead of living in one place.
Hh
H, h / eitf/
hab . it Ф / 'hsebst /
something that you do very often
( biology ) the natural place where a plant or an animal lives
hack / hrek /
1 to cut something or someone in a rough and violent way
hacked the dead branches off the tree.
( computers ) to use a computer to get into someone else's computer in order to damage it or get secret information:
hack • er / ' hrekar /
( computers ) a person who uses a computer to get into someone else's computer in order to damage it or get secret information
had / hred /
had • n't / ' hredant /
hag • gle / ' hregl /
( hag gles , hag • gling , hag • gled )
to argue with someone until you agree about the price of something
hail / heil /
► hail
1 [ count ] one of the long thin things that grow on the skin of people and animals:
She has a ponytail.
I *
She has braids.
He has short, spiky hair.
She has long, wavy hair.
hair
bangs
She has curly hair
musiache
2 [ noncount ] all the hairs on a person's head
let your hair down (
to relax and enjoy yourself
hair • brush / ' herbrAj /
a brush that you use to make your hair neat
1 when someone cuts your hair
need a haircut.
the way that your hair is cut
hair • dress • er / ' herdresar /
a person whose job is to wash, cut, and arrange people's hair
hair dry • er
( also hair dri - er )
/ ' her |draiar /
hair • style / ' herstail /
the way that your hair is cut and arranged
hai r • y / ' heri /
covered with a lot of hair
( religion ) (used about meat) from an animal that has been killed according to Muslim law
The word half sounds like staff , because we don't say the letter l in this word.
one of two equal parts of something; V2
in half
so that there are two equal parts
30 minutes after an hour on the clock
We usually say nine thirty , two thirty , etc. half-broth • er ( also half broth er )
/ ' href |brAdar /
Your half-brother shares one parent with you.
half-heart • ed / |href ' hartad /
without interest or enthusiasm
for half the usual price
half-sis • ter ( also half sis - ter ) / ' href ^ister /
Your half-sister shares one parent with you. half • time / ' hreftaim /
half • way / |href wei /
in the middle
hall © / hoi/
( also hall . way ) a room or passage that leads to other rooms in a house or public building
a big room or building where a lot of people meet
Hal • low • een / |hrela'win /
the night of October 31
Culture
In the past, people believed that dead people appeared from their graves on Halloween .
Nowadays, children dress up as witches, ghosts, etc. and go to people's houses saying " trick or treat ," and the people give them candy.
People also make jack-o'-lanterns , where they cut shapes into a pumpkin (= a large orange vegetable ) so that it looks like a face, and put a light inside.
hall • way / ' holwei /
halt / holt /
to stop
halve / hrev /
to divide something into two parts that are the same
halves
ham / hrem /
ham • burg • er / 'hrem|bargar /
( also burg - er / ' bargar / )
meat cut into very small pieces and made into a flat round
shape. You often eat it in a round piece of bread (called a
bun )
ham .mer 1 ©
/ hremar /
a tool with a handle and a heavy metal part, which you use for hitting nails into things
ham • mer 2 / ' hremar /
1 to hit something with a hammer
hammered the nail into the wood.
to hit something hard
ham • mock / ' hremak /
a bed made of cloth or rope that you hang up at the two ends
ham • ster / ' hremstar /
a small animal that people keep as a pet. A hamster can keep food in the sides of its mouth.
hand Ф / haend /
1 [ count ] the part at the end of your arm that has four fingers and a thumb
hand
thumb
a hand [ singular ] (
some help
[ count ] one of the parts of a clock or watch that move to show the time
without using a machine
get out of hand
to become difficult to control
hand in hand
with your hand in another person's hand
hands up
words that mean "put one hand in the air if you can answer the question"
words that mean "put your hands in the air" because someone has a gun
hold hands
to have another person's hand in your hand
in good hands
well taken care of
near and ready to help
on the one hand ... on the other hand
hand 2 / hrend /
hand something down to pass something from an older person to a younger one
hand something in to give something to someone
hand something over to give something to someone
hand • bag / ' hrendbreg /
—SYNONYM purse
hand • book / ' hrendbuk/
a book that gives useful information or advice about something
hand • cuffs / hrendkAfs /
two metal rings with a chain that the police put on a prisoner's arms so that they cannot use their hands
hand • ful / hrendful /
as much as you can hold in one hand
a small number
hand • gun / ' hrendgAn /
hand • i • cap / ' hrendikrep /
a physical or mental condition that means you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily, or that you cannot learn easily
—SYNONYM disability
something that makes it more difficult for you to do something
Some people do not like the words handicap and handicapped , and prefer to use the words disability and disabled .
hand • ker • chief / ' hregksrtjif /
a square piece of cloth or paper that you use for clearing ( blowing ) your nose
han .die 1 © / ъаяки / «owi [count]
han .die 2© / 'haendl/
to touch something with your hands Always wash your hands before you handle food.
to control or deal with someone or something
han • dle • bars / ' hrendlbarz /
the part at the front of a bicycle or motorcycle that you hold when you are riding it — Look
hand • made / |hrend ' meid /
made by a person, not by a machine
hand • out / ' hrendaut /
food, money, etc. that is given to people who need it Although she couldn't pay her rent, she was too proud to accept handouts.
a printed sheet of paper that is given to people, for example to explain something in class
hand • shake / ' hrendjeik /
the action of shaking someone's right hand with your right hand
hand • some / ' hrenssm /
(usually used about a man) attractive
Thesaurus
hands -on / |hrendz ' an /
doing something yourself, instead of watching someone else do it
hand • writ • ing / ' hrendraitig /
the way you write
hand • writ • ten / hrendritn /
written by hand, not typed or printed
useful
near and easy to find or reach Always keep a first-aid kit handy.
come in handy
to be useful
(
hang © / haeg /
1 ( hangs , hang ing , hung / h.g / has hung ) to put
something on a hook or fasten something to a wall
hung the picture over the fireplace.
( hangs , hang • ing , hanged , has hanged ) to kill yourself or another person by putting a rope around the neck and allowing the body to drop downward
hang around (
to stay somewhere with nothing special to do
hang on (
hang on to someone or something to hold someone or something firmly
hang out
to spend a lot of time in a place, often not doing much
hang • er / ' h^gsr /
( also coat hang • er / ' kout |h®gsr / )
a piece of metal, wood, or plastic with a hook. You use it for hanging clothes on.
hang glid .er hang glider
and fly through the air 2 a person who does hang gliding ► hang glid • ing / ' h®g glaidig /
hang • o • ver / ' hregouvsr /
pain in your head and a sick feeling, which you get if you have drunk too much alcohol the night before
Ha • nuk•kah / ' hansks /
( religion ) a Jewish holiday that lasts for eight days in December
hap . pen Ф / haepon /
to take place, usually without being planned first
happen to do something
hap .pi .ness Ф / ъжртээ/ noun
[noncount]
the feeling of being happy —ANTONYM unhappiness
hap . РУ © / haepi /
feeling pleased or showing that you are pleased
—ANTONYM unhappy , sad Word building
a word that you use to say that you hope someone will enjoy a special time
hap • pi • ly / ' hжpэli / adverb Everyone was smiling happily.
ha • rass / hэ ' rres ; ' hreres /
to bother or do unpleasant things to someone, especially over a period of time
ha • rass • ment / hэ ' rжsmэnt ; ' hжrэsmэnt /
har•bor / ' ha^r /
a place where ships can stay safely in the water
hard 1 ©/ hard /
1 not soft
couldn't sleep because the bed was too hard.
—ANTONYM soft
difficult to do or understand The exam was very hard. hard work
—ANTONYM easy
full of problems He's had a hard life .
—ANTONYM easy
not kind or gentle
—ANTONYM soft
hard 2 © / hard /
1 a lot
hard • back / ' hardbrek / [ count, noncount ] a book with a hard cover
hard disk / ' hard disk /
( computers ) a piece of hard plastic inside a computer that stores information and programs
hard • en / ' hardn /
to become hard
hard .ly © / hardli /
hard • ware / ' hardwer /
( computers ) the machines that are part of a computer system, not the programs that work on it
tools and equipment that are used to build or repair things in the house
hard-work • ing / |hard ' wэrkIg /
working with effort and energy
hare / her /
an animal like a rabbit (= a small animal with long ears ) . Hares are bigger, have longer ears, and can run very fast.
harm О / harm /
there is no harm in doing something
nothing bad will happen if you do something
harm
to hurt or damage someone or something
harm .ful О / harmfl /
Something that is harmful can hurt or damage people or things
harm • less / ' harmbs /
not dangerous
har • mo • ny / ' harmэni /
[ noncount ] a state of agreement or of living together in peace
[ count, noncount ] ( music ) musical notes that sound nice together
harp / harp /
( music ) a large musical instrument that has many strings stretching from the top to the bottom of a frame. You play the harp with your fingers.
harsh / harf /
not kind; cruel
rough and unpleasant to see or hear
harsh • ly / ' harjli / adverb Alec laughed harshly.
har•vest / ' harvast /
[ count, noncount ] the time when grain, fruit, or vegetables are ready to cut or pick
[ count ] all the grain, fruit, or vegetables that are cut or picked
har • vest
has / hrez /
hash browns / ' hrejbraunz /
a type of food made from potatoes that have been cut into small pieces and cooked in oil
has • n't / ' hrezant /
has • sle / ' hresl /
a thing or situation that takes a lot of effort to do
haste / heist /
doing things too quickly, especially because you do not have enough time
hast • y / heisti /
said or done quickly
If you are hasty , you do something too quickly Don't be too hasty. This is a very important decision.
hast • i • ly / ' heistali / adverb He hastily changed the subject.
beret
cowboy hat
hat © / hset /
hats
baseball cap
hatch / hretj /
( biology ) When baby birds, insects, or fish hatch , they come out of an egg.
hate 1 © / heit /
to have a very strong feeling of not liking someone or something
—ANTONYM love
Thesaurus
hate to have a strong feeling of not liking someone or something. This word is often used in informal English to talk about people or things that you really do not like:
dislike a slightly formal way of saying that you do not like someone or something, but not in a strong way. It is more usual to say "don't like":
hate 2 © / heit /
a very strong feeling of not liking someone or something
—SYNONYM hatred —ANTONYM love
ha • tred / ' heitrad /
a very strong feeling of not liking someone or something
—SYNONYM hate
haul / hol /
to pull something heavy
haunt / hont/
If a place is haunted , people think that there are ghosts (= spirits of dead people ) there
If something sad or unpleasant haunts you, you often think of it
have © / lwv; haev /
a word that you use with parts of other verbs to show that
something happened or started in the past
have 2© / hsev /
( also have got ) to own or keep something
a word that you use with many nouns to talk about doing something
a word that you use with many nouns to talk about experiencing something
( also have got ) to be sick with something
to let someone do something for you
have something on to be wearing something
haven't / hrevant /
have to © / Ъаейэ ; 'haeftu/
used for saying that someone must do something or that
something must happen
Grammar
You use must not or the short form mustn't / 'mAsnt / to tell people not to do something:
When you want to say that someone can do something if they want, but that it is not necessary, you use don't have to :
hawk / hok /
a large bird that catches and eats other birds and small animals
hay / hei /
dry grass that is used as food for farm animals
hay fe • ver / ' hei fivar /
( health ) an illness like a cold. Grass and other plants can cause hay fever .
haz • ard / ' hrezard /
a danger
► haz • ard • ous / ' hrezardas /
haze / heiz/
air that is difficult to see through because of heat, dust, or smoke ha • zel • nut / ' heizlnAt /
a small nut that you can eat
haz • y / ' heizi /
not clear, especially because of heat
difficult to remember or understand clearly
he © / hi /
head i©/hed/noun
[ count ] the part of your body above your neck
[ count ] your mind or brain
[ singular ] the top, front, or most important part
[ count, noncount ] the person in charge of a group of people or organization
heads [ noncount ] the side of a coin that has the head of a person on it
—ANTONYM tails
a head ; per head
to make you too pleased with yourself
head first
with your head before the rest of your body
keep your head
to stay calm
lose your head
to become too excited, angry, etc.
head 2 / hed /
to move in the direction mentioned
to be the leader or most important person in a group
head • ache / ' hedeik /
( health ) a pain in your head
head • ing / ' hedig /
the words at the top of a piece of writing to show what it is about
head • light / ' hediait /
( also head - lamp / ' hedlremp / )
head • line / hedlain /
[ count ] the words in big letters at the top of a newspaper story
the headlines [ plural ] the most important news on radio or television
head • phones / ' hedfounz /
things that you put over your head and ears so that you can listen to music without other people hearing it
— Look
head • quar • ters / ' hed|kwortsrz /
the main offices where the leaders of an organization work
head • set / ' hedset /
a piece of equipment that you wear on your head that includes a part for listening (called headphones ) and a part for speaking into (called a microphone )
head • way / hedwei /
make headway
to go forward or make progress
heal / hil /
health © / heie/
health •care / ' heleker / ( also health care )
( health ) the service of providing medical care
health food / hele fud /
natural food that many people think is good for your health
health .у © / ЪеЮ1/
well; not often sick
helping to make or keep you well
—ANTONYM unhealthy heap 1 / hip /
a lot of things on top of one another in a messy way
heap 2 / hip /
to put a lot of things on top of one another
hear © / hir /
1 to notice sounds with your ears
Which word? Hear or listen?
When you hear something, sounds come to your ears:
When you listen to something, you are trying to hear it:
hear from someone
to get a letter or a phone call from someone
will not agree to something
hear • ing / ' hirig /
the ability to hear
hear • ing aid / ' hirig eid /
a small machine that fits inside the ear and helps people to hear better
heart © / hart /
The word heart sounds like start .
[ count ] the part of the body that makes the blood go around inside
[ count ] your feelings
[ singular ] the center; the middle part They live in the heart of the city.
[ count]the shape V
hearts [ plural ] the group of playing cards (called a suit ) that have red shapes like hearts on them
break someone's heart
to make someone very sad
by heart
so that you know every word
to stop hoping
you suddenly feel unhappy
heart • ache / ' harteik
a strong feeling of sadness
heart at • tack / ' hart s|trek /
( health ) a sudden dangerous illness, when your heart
stops working normally
heart • beat / ' hartbit /
( health ) the movement or sound of your heart as it pushes blood around your body
heart • break / ' hartbreik /
a strong feeling of sadness or disappointment
► heart • break • ing / ' hart|breikig /
making you feel very sad
heart • bro • ken / ' hart|broukэn /
extremely sad because of something that has happened
heart • less / ' hartbs /
not kind; cruel
heat i © / hit / noun
[ noncount ] the feeling of something hot
[ noncount ] hot weather
[ noncount ] a system for making a building warm
[ count ] ( sports ) one of the first parts of a race or competition
heat 2 © / hit / (also heat up )
to make something hot; to become hot
heat • er / ' h^r /
a thing that makes a place warm or that heats water
heave / hiv /
heav • en / ' hevn/
( religion ) the place where many people believe God lives and where good people go to when they die
— Look
heav .уф / 'hevi/
1 weighing a lot; difficult to lift or move
can't carry this bag — it's too heavy.
—ANTONYM light
a word used to describe a person when you do not want to say that they are fat
fat is a general word to describe a person who has a large round body, but it is not polite to say to someone that they are fat:
overweight is a little more polite, and is also a word used by doctors or health professionals:
obese means very fat, in a way that is not healthy. This word is often used by doctors and health professionals, but is also used in a general way to mean "very fat":
larger, stronger, or more than usual
heav • i • ly / ' hevэli / adverb It was raining heavily.
heav • y met • al / |hevi ' metl /
[noncount]
( music ) a kind of loud rock music
very busy
he'd / hid /
hedge / hed3 /
a line of small trees planted close together
heel / hii /
the back part of your foot
the back part of a shoe under the heel of your foot
the part of a sock that covers the heel of your foot height © / hait /
Pronunciation
The word height sounds like white .
[ count, noncount ] how far it is from the bottom to the top of someone or something
The adjective is high .
[ count ] a high place I'm afraid of heights.
[ noncount ] the strongest or most important part of something
a person who gets money or property when another person dies
heir • ess / er 'es /
an heir who is a woman
held
hel .i .cop .ter helicopter
/ hrlokuptor /
a vehicle that can go straight up in the air, with long metal parts on top that turn to help it fly
he • li • um / ' ЫНэш /
( chemistry ) a very light gas that is often used to fill balloons (= things that float in the air )
hell / hel /
the place where some people believe that bad people go when they die
he'll / hil ; hil /
a word that you say when you meet someone or when you
answer the telephone
Style
We usually use hi , not hello , in less formal situations:
hel • met / ' helmat /
a hard hat that keeps your head safe
helmets
help 1 ©/ help /
to do something useful for someone; to make someone's work easier
a word that you shout when you are in danger
can't help
If you can't help doing something, you cannot stop yourself from doing it
to take something that you want
help 2© / help /
[ noncount ] the act of helping someone
[ singular ] a person or thing that helps
help • er / ' helpar /
help .ful ©/ 'helpfl/
wanting to help; useful
—ANTONYM unhelpful
help • ful • ly / ' helpfali /
help • ing / ' helpig /
help • less / ' helplas /
not able to do things without help
help • less • ly / ' helplasli /
hem / hem /
[count]
the bottom edge of something, like a skirt or pants, which is folded and sewn
hem • i • sphere / ' hemasfir /
( geography ) one half of the earth
a female bird, especially a chicken, that people keep on farms for its eggs Word building A female chicken is called a hen , and a male chicken is called a rooster . A young chicken is a chick .
hep • a • ti • tis / |hepa 'taitas /
( health ) a serious disease of the liver (= the part inside your body that cleans the blood )
her © / har /
a word that shows the woman or girl that you have just talked about
her 2 Ф / hor /
of or belonging to the woman or girl that you have just talked about
herb / arb /
a plant whose leaves, seeds, etc. are used in cooking or in medicine
her • biv • ore / ' harbivor /
( biology ) an animal that eats only grass and plants
— Look
► her • biv • o • rous / |har ' bivaras /
herd 1 / hard /
a big group of animals of the same kind
herd 2 / hard /
to move people or animals somewhere in a group
here and there
in different places
here goes (
words that you say before you do something exciting or dangerous
words that you say when you give something to someone
her • i • tage / ' herat^ /
[ count , usually singular ]
( history ) the important traditions, qualities, and culture of a country
he • ro / ' hirou /
a person, especially a man, who has done something brave or good
( english language arts ) the most important man or boy in a book, play, or movie
he • ro • ic / ha ' rouik /
very brave
her • o • in / ' herouan /
[noncount]
( health ) a very strong illegal drug her • o • ine / ' herouan /
a woman who has done something brave or good
( english language arts ) the most important woman or girl in a book, play, or movie
her • o • ism / ' herouizam /
when someone does something very brave or good
her .self Ф / br'srifvpronoun
(
a word that shows the same woman or girl that you have just talked about
a word that makes "she" stronger
by herself
without other people
—SYNONYM alone
without help
he's / hiz /
hes • i • tate / ' hezateit /
to stop for a moment before you do or say something, because you are not sure about it
het • er • o • sex • u • al / |hetara 'sekjual /
attracted to people of the opposite sex —ANTONYM homosexual hex•a•gon
/ heksagan /
( math ) a shape with six sides
► hex • ag • o • nal
/ hek sreganl /
a word that you say to make someone listen to you, or when
you are surprised
hi / hai /
—SYNONYM hello
hi•ber•nate / haibarneit /
( biology ) When an animal hibernates , it goes to sleep for the winter.
► hi • ber • na • tion / |haibar ' neijn /
hic • cup / ' hikAp /
a sudden noise that you make in your throat. You sometimes get the hiccups when you have eaten or drunk too quickly.
hide Ф / haid /
( hides , hid ing , hid / hid / has hid - den / ' hidn / ) 1 to put something where people cannot find it
hid the money under the bed.
to be or get in a place where people cannot see or find you
to not tell or show something to someone
hide-and-seek / |haid n sik /
[noncount]
a children's game in which one player covers his or her eyes while the other players hide, and then tries to find them
hid • e • ous / hidias /
very ugly
hid • ing / ' haidig /
to be in, or go into a place where people will not find you
hi •er•ar•chy aw / ' haiararki / [ count ] (
a system or organization that has many levels from the
lowest to the highest
hi • er • o • glyph • ics / |haiara' glifiks /
( english language arts ) the system of writing that was used in ancient Egypt, in which a small picture represents a word or sound
high 1 © / hai /
The word high sounds like my , because we don't say the letters -gh in this word.
Something that is high has a long distance between the top and the bottom
—ANTONYM low
You use high to say or ask how far something is from the bottom to the top
far from the ground
—ANTONYM low
more than the usual level or amount The car was traveling at high speed . high temperatures
—ANTONYM low
A high sound is not deep
high 2© / hai/
a long way above the ground
—ANTONYM low
high • er ed • u • ca • tion / haisr ed3s ' keijn
/
education at a college or university after the age of 18 —Look
apply to a college/a university/Harvard get into/go to college/Princeton studying major in/minor in biology/philosophy work toward a B.A./a law degree/a master's degree finishing finish/graduate from college
earn/receive/get a degree/a bachelor's degree/a master's degree
high jump
/ hai d3Amp /
high • lands / 'hailsnds /
( geography ) the part of a country with hills and mountains
( sports ) a sport where people jump over a high bar
high • light 1 awl / ' hailait /
the best or most exciting part of something
high • light 2 AWL / ' hailait /
to give special importance to something so that people notice it
to mark important parts of a text in a bright color
high • light • er / ' hailaitsr /
a special pen for marking important parts of a text in a bright color
high .ly © / 'haili/
very or very much
very well
High • ness / ' hainss /
(
a word that you use when speaking to or about a royal person
high school ® / hai skul /
In the U.S., children start elementary school when they are 5. The first year of this is called kindergarten
When children are around 11 years old, they move to middle school (or junior high school ), and when they reach the age of around 14, they start high school .
Each year of school is called a grade . When a child is around 6 years old they are in first grade , and the last year of high school is the twelfth grade .
high-tech ( also hi-tech ) / |hai ' tek /
using the most modern methods and machines, especially electronic ones
high .way & / 'haiwei/
lane one part of a larger road, marked with painted lines to keep lines of traffic separate:
hi • jack / ' haid3®k /
to take control of an airplane or a car, and make the pilot or driver take you somewhere
hi • jack • er / ' haIdзжkэr / noun [ count ] The hijackers threatened to blow up the plane.
hi • jack • ing / ' haid3®kig / noun [count, noncount] the hijacking of a U.S. airplane
hike / haik /
a long walk in the country
hike
hi • lar • i • ous / hi ' leriэs /
very funny
( geography ) a high piece of land that is not as high as a mountain
hill • y / ' hili /
him .self © / him ' self /
(
a word that shows the same man or boy that you have just talked about
a word that makes "he" stronger
by himself
without other people
without help
hin • der / ' ь^эг /
( hin . ders , hin . der . ing , hin . dered )
Hin • du / hindu /
( religion ) a person who follows the religion of Hinduism
Hin • du adjective
Hin • du • ism / ' hindu^m /
( religion ) the main religion of India
hinge / hind3 /
a piece of metal that joins a lid to a box or a door to a frame so that you can open and close it
hint 1 / hint /
something that you say, but not in a direct way
a piece of advice or useful information
a small amount of something There's a hint of garlic in the soup.
hint 2 / hint /
to say something, but not in a direct way
hip / hip /
the place where your leg joins the side of your body
hip-hop / ' hip hap /
( music ) a type of dance music with spoken words and a strong beat, played on electronic instruments
hip • pie ( also hippy ) / ' hipi/
a person from the 1960s or 1970s who was against war and often had long hair and wore clothes with bright colors
hip • po • pot • a • mus / ihiiv'pabims /
hip . po . pot . a mus . es or hip . po . pot . a . mi
/ ^фэ ' patamai / ) ( also
/ hipou / )
a large African animal that has thick skin and lives near water
hire О / ' harar /
to give someone a job
of or belonging to the man or boy that you have just talked about
something that belongs to him
His • pan • ic / hi sprenik /
connected with or coming from a place where Spanish is spoken, especially Latin America
His • pan • ic
hiss / his /
to make a noise like a very long "s"
hiss
his • to • ri • an / hi'storian /
( history ) a person who knows a lot about history his • tor • ic / hi ' storik /
( history ) important in history
his • tor • i • cal / hi ' storikl /
( history ) connected with real people or events in the past
his .to . ry Ф / histori /
all the things that happened in the past
the study of things that happened in the past
hit 1 © / hit /
hit 2 О / hit /
touching someone or something hard
a person or a thing that a lot of people like
( computers ) a result of a search on a computer, especially on the Internet
hitch • hike / ' hitjhaik /
to travel by asking for free rides in cars and trucks
hitch • hik • er / ' hitjhaikar / noun [ count ] We picked up a hitchhiker.
( health ) the virus (= a very small thing that can make you sick ) that causes AIDS (= a serious illness that destroys the body's ability to fight infection ) be HIV-positive to have HIV
hive / haiv / ( also bee . hive / ' bihaiv / )
a thing that bees (= black and yellow insects ) live in
hoard / hord /
to save and keep things secretly
► hoard
a secret store of something, for example food or money
If your voice is hoarse , it is rough and quiet, for example because you have a cold
hoax / houks /
hob • by / ' habi /
hock • ey / ' haki /
( sports ) a game that is played on ice by two teams who try to hit a small flat rubber thing (called a puck ) into a goal with long wooden sticks
— Look
hold 1 Ф / hould /
to have something in your hand or arms
to keep something in a certain way
to support the weight of someone or something Are you sure that branch will hold both of you?
to have space for a certain number or amount
to make something happen
hold someone or something back to stop someone
or something from moving forward
Hold it!
words that you use to tell someone to wait or not to move
hold on
( informal ) to wait Hold on, I'm coming.
—SYNONYM hang on
to keep holding something
to make someone or something late The plane was held up for 40 minutes.
to try to steal from a place, using a gun Two men held up a bank in Springfield today.
hold 2 Ф / hould /
[ count, noncount ] taking or having something in your hands
[ count ] the part of a ship or an airplane where goods are kept
get hold of someone ; get a hold of someone
get hold of something ; get a hold of something
waiting to speak to someone or continue a conversation on the telephone
something that makes you wait There was a long holdup on the highway.
—SYNONYM delay
when someone tries to rob someone using a gun There was a holdup at the local supermarket yesterday.
hole © /houl/
hol . i .day ©/ 'hulodei /
[ count ] a day when most schools and offices are closed to celebrate a religious or national occasion
the holidays [ plural ] the time in late December and early January that includes Christmas, Hanukkah, New Year's Day, etc.
with an empty space inside
hol • ly / ' hali /
a plant that has leaves with a lot of sharp points, and red berries (= small round fruit ) . People often use it to decorate their houses for Christmas.
ho • ly / ' houli /
very special because it is about God or a god
A holy person lives a good and religious life.
home © / houm /
[ count, noncount ] the place where you live
[ count ] a place to live for people who need special care
at home
in your house or apartment
comfortable, as if you were in your own home
( sports ) If a sports team plays a game at home , they play on their own field.
home 2 © / houm /
to the place where you live Grammar
connected with your home or your country
( sports ) connected with your own sports team or field
home • land / ' houmlrend /
the country where you were born
home • less / houmlas /
If you are homeless , you have nowhere to live
home • made / |houm' meid /
made in your house, not bought in a store
home page ( also home - page ) / ' houm peid3 /
( computers ) the first of a number of pages of information on the Internet that belongs to a person or an organization. A home page contains connections to other pages of information.
home • room / ' houmrum /
a room in a school where students go at the beginning of each school day
home run / |houm ' гап / (also
( sports ) a hit in baseball, which goes so far that the player can run around all four bases to score a point
home • sick / houmsik /
sad because you are away from home
home • work / ' houmwark /
work that a teacher gives to you to do at home
Collocations
Work and exams
doing
do your homework/an assignment/a paper/an essay write a paper/an essay/a report turn in/hand in your homework/an assignment/a paper
take a test/an exam/a quiz passing/failing
grade homework/a test
pass/do well on a test/an exam/a quiz
fail a test/an exam/a class
get a good grade/an A/a B/a diploma
hom • i • cide / ' hamasaid /
[ count, noncount ]
the crime of killing someone deliberately
—SYNONYM murder
ho • mo • sex • u • al / |houma 'sekjual /
attracted to people of the same sex —SYNONYM gay —ANTONYM heterosexual
ho • mo • sex • u • al • i • ty / |houmasekju ' relati /
A person who is honest says what is true and does not
steal, lie, or cheat
—ANTONYM dishonest
hon • est • ly / ' ansstli / adverb Try to answer the questions honestly. Honestly, I don't know where your money is.
hon • es • ty / ' anssti /
hon • ey / ' hAni /
the sweet food that is made by some insects (called bees )
hon • ey • moon / ' hAnimun /
a vacation for two people who have just gotten married
honk / hagk /
hon • or / ' ansr /
[ singular ] something that makes you proud and pleased
[ noncount ] respect from other people for something good that you have done
honors [ plural ] a class in school or at college that is at a higher level than other classes
hon • or roll / ' ansr roul / [ usually singular ]
a list of the students in a school who have received good grades for their work
hood / hud /
the part of a coat or jacket that covers your head and neck
the front part of a car, which covers the engine
hoof / huf /
(
the hard part of the foot of horses and some other animals
hook Ф / huk /
a curved piece of metal or plastic for hanging things on, or for catching fish with
off the hook
If a telephone is off the hook , the part that you speak into (called the receiver ) is not in place so that the telephone will not ring.
hoop / hup /
( sports ) the ring that you throw the ball through in a game of basketball
hoo • ray ( also hur . ray ) / hu ' rei / ( also hur rah / hu ' ra / )
a word that you shout when you are very pleased about
something
hoot / hut /
the sound that an owl (= a type of bird ) makes
hoot
hooves
hop / hap /
(used about a person) to jump on one foot
(used about an animal or bird) to jump with two or all feet together
(
hop
hope w/houp/
to want something to happen or be true
hope 2 © / houp /
[ count, noncount ] a feeling of wanting something to happen and thinking that it will
[ count , usually singular ] a person or thing that gives you hope
If you are hopeful , you think that something that you
want will happen
hope • ful • ly / ' houpfln /
( informal ) I hope; we hope Hopefully he won't be late.
hoping that what you want will happen The cat looked hopefully at our plates.
hope • less / ' houplss /
with no hope of success
hope • less • ly / ' houplssli / adverb We got hopelessly lost in the forest.
ho • ri • Zon / hs ' raizn /
[ count , usually singular ]
the line between the earth or ocean and the sky
hor • i • zon • tal / |hors zantl /
going from side to side, not up and down
hor • i • zon • tal • ly / |hors ' zantsli /
( biology ) a substance in your body that influences the way you grow and develop
horn © / horn /
one of the hard pointed things that some animals have on their heads
a thing in a car or other vehicle that makes a loud sound to warn people
a musical instrument with a metal tube that you blow into
hor • o • scope / ' horeskoup /
— Look
hor • ri • ble / ' horebl /
very bad or unpleasant
► hor • ri • bly / ' horebli /
hor • rif • ic / hэ ' rifik /
causing fear or shock
hor • ri • fy / ' horefai /
hor • ror / ' horer /
a feeling of fear or shock
a movie that tries to frighten or shock you for entertainment
horse ©/ brs /
horse • back / ' horsbrek / on horse • back
sitting on a horse
horse • back rid / ' horsbrek |raidig /
( also rid . ing )
( sports ) the sport or activity of riding a horse
horse • shoe / ' horjju/
a piece of metal shaped like a U that a horse wears on its foot
hose / houz /
[ count, noncount ]
a long soft tube that you use to bring water, for example in the yard or when there is a fire
hos • pi • ta • ble /
friendly and helpful to visitors
hos . pi .tal © / 'haspitl/
a place where doctors and nurses take care of people who are sick or hurt
If you are very sick or you have an accident , you go to the hospital . A doctor gives you treatment and you are called a patient . You might need to have surgery .
hos • pi • tal • i • ty / |haspэ ' trebti /
being friendly and helpful to people who are visiting you
host / houst /
a person who invites people to their house, for example to a party
hos • tage / ' hostid3 /
a prisoner that a person or group keeps until people give
them what they want
hos • tel / ' hastl /
a place like a cheap hotel where people can stay
host • ess / ' houstэs /
a woman who invites people to her house, for example to a party
very unfriendly
► hos • til • i • ty / ha'stibti /
hot © / hat /
having a high temperature
—ANTONYM cold
Hot food has a strong, burning taste
—SYNONYM spicy
Thesaurus
hot-air bal . loon hot-air balloon
/ |hat ' er ba|lun /
a big round thing that is filled with hot air so that it floats in the sky, carrying people in a container (called a basket ) under it
hot dog / ' hat dog /
a sausage (= meat made into a long, thin shape ) that you eat in a long roll
hO .tel Ф / hou'tel/
a place where you pay to sleep when you are traveling
hot • line / ' hatlain / ( also hot line )
[count]
a special telephone line that people can call to get advice or information
[ count ] (
hours [ plural ] the time when someone is working, or when a store or office is open
the hour [ singular ] the time when a new hour starts (= 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock, etc. )
for hours
for a long time
house © / haus /
a building where a person or a family lives How many rooms are there in your house? We're having dinner at Kate's house tonight.
a building that has a special use
house • hold / ' haushould / [count]
all the people who live in one house and the work, money, etc. that is needed to take care of them
house • keep • er / ' haus|kipar /
[ count ]
a person whose job is to do the cleaning, cooking, etc. in someone else's house
the House of Rep- re- sen- ta • tives
/ бэ |haus av|repri 'zentativz /
— Look
Word building
The U.S. Government
The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
house • wife / hauswaif /
[ count ]
(
house • work / ' hauswark / [noncount]
work that you do in your house, for example the cleaning and the laundry
hous • ing / ' hauzig /
[noncount]
apartments and houses for people to live in
money )
hov • er / ' hwar /
in what way
a word that you use to ask if someone is well or happy
Which word?
You use how only when you are asking about someone's health or happiness.
a word that you use to ask if something is good
a word that you use to ask questions about things like age, amount, or time
a word that shows surprise or strong feeling
how about ...?
words that you use when you suggest something
how do you do?
polite words that you say when you meet someone for the
first time
Style
When someone says How do you do ?, you also answer How do you do ? and you shake hands. Some people say Nice to meet you when they meet. This is less formal than How do you do .
how .ev .er Ф / hau'evar/
but
it does not matter how
howl / haul /
to make a long, loud sound, like a dog makes
howl noun [ count ] He let out a howl of anger.
HQ / .eitj ' kyu /
hr.
hud • dle / ' hAdi /
( hud dles , hud - dling , hud dled )
to get close to other people because you are cold or scared
hug / hAg /
to put your arms around someone to show that you love them
very big
huge • ly / ' hyud3li /
hum / hAm /
to sing with your lips closed
to make a low continuous sound
hum
hu .mail 1 Ф / Ъуитэп/
hu .man 2Ф/ъуитэп/
( also hu - man be - in? / |hyuman ' biig / )
hu • mane / hyu ' mein /
showing kindness, especially to a person or animal that is suffering
hu • mane • ly / hyu' meinli / adverb The prisoners were treated humanely.
hu • man • i • tar • i • an / hy^mrena' terian /
concerned with trying to make people's lives better and helping them to suffer less
hu • man • i • ty / hyu ' mrenati /
[ noncount ] all of the people in the world
[ noncount ] the quality of being kind and fair The prisoners were treated with humanity.
humanities [ plural ] the subjects that are connected with the way people think and behave, for example history, literature, and languages
the hu • man race / 6a |hyuman ' reis /
all the people in the world
hu • man rights / |hyuman raits /
[ plural ]
( politics ) the basic freedoms that all people should have, for example the right to say what you think, to go to school, etc.
hum • ble / hAmbl /
A humble person does not think they are better or more important than other people
poor or having a low social position
(used about the weather or climate) warm and wet
—SYNONYM damp
hu • mid • i • ty / hyu ' midati /
hu • mil • i • ate / hyu' milieit /
(hu . mil . i . ates, hu . mil . i . at . ing, hu . mil . i . at . ed)
to make someone feel very embarrassed or ashamed
hu • mil • i • at • ing / hyu ' milieitig /
hu • mil • i • a • tion / h^mili ' eijn /
[ count, noncount ]
hu . mor © / 'hyumar /
[noncount]
the quality of being funny
the ability to laugh and know that something is funny
hu • mor • ous / ' hyumsrss /
making you smile or laugh
—SYNONYM funny
hump / hAmp /
a large round lump, for example on the back of a camel (= an animal that lives in the desert )
hun .dred © / ' hAndrsd /
100
hundreds (
hun • dredth / ' hAndrsde / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
100th
hung
hun • ger / ' hAggsr /
the feeling that you want or need to eat
hun .gry ©/ h\i]c|ri /
wanting to eat
hunt О / hAnt /
to chase animals to kill them as a sport or for food
to try to find something
hunt
hunt • ing / ' hAntig /
the activity of chasing and killing animals as a sport or for food
hunt • er / ' hAntsr /
a person who hunts wild animals hur • dle / ' hsrdl/
[ count ] a type of light fence that a person or a horse jumps over in a race
hurdles [ plural ] a race in which people or horses have to jump over hurdles
hurl / hsrl /
hurrah, hurray = hooray
hur • ri • cane / ' hsrsksn /
hur .ГУ 1© / Ъэи/
to move or do something quickly
hurry up to move or do something more quickly because there is not much time
hur .ry 2©/ Ъэи/
the need or wish to do something quickly
in a hurry
quickly
not having enough time to do something I can't talk to you now — I'm in a hurry.
hurt 1 ©/ hart /
1 to make someone or something feel pain
fell and hurt my leg. Did you hurt yourself ?
to feel pain My leg hurts.
to make someone unhappy
physically harmed
—SYNONYM injured
upset
hus.band Ф / ' hлzbэnd/
hush / hi/ /
a word that you use to tell someone to be quiet
—SYNONYM silence
hut / ht /
a small, simple building with one room
hy • drau • lic / hai ' drolik /
Hydraulic equipment is worked by liquid moving under pressure
hy • dro • e • lec • tric / ihaidrouilektrik /
( physics ) using the power of water to produce electricity
hy • dro • gen / ' haIdrэdзэn /
( chemistry ) a light gas that you cannot see or smell
hy • giene / ' ha^in /
[noncount]
► hy • gi • en • ic / hai ' d3enik ; hai ' d3inik /
hymn / him /
( religion , music ) a song that Christians sing in church
hype / haip /
advertisements that make you think something is better than it really is
hy • per • ac • tive / ^фэг' rektiv /
too active and only able to keep quiet and still for a short time
hy • phen / ' had^n /
( english language arts ) a mark ( - ) that you use in writing. It joins words together (for example "left-handed") or shows that a word continues on the next line.
hyp • no • sis / hip ' nousэs /
when someone's mind and actions can be controlled by another person because they are in a kind of deep sleep
hyp • no • tize / ' hipmtaiz /
to put someone into a kind of deep sleep in which their mind and actions can be controlled by another person
hyp • no • tist / ' hip^^st /
hy • poc • ri • sy / hi 'pakresi /
behavior in which someone pretends to have moral beliefs that they do not really have
hyp • o • crite / ' hIpэkrIt /
a person who pretends to have moral beliefs that they do not really have
hy • po • crit • i • cal / |Ьфэ ' kritikl /
hy • poth • e • sis AWL / hai 'pa8эsэs /
[ count ] (
hy • po • thet • i •cal AWB / ' haIpэ 'елы/
based on situations that have not yet happened, not on facts
hys • ter • i • cal / hi ' sterikl /
so excited or upset that you cannot control yourself
Ii
I, i / ai /
ice • berg / ' aisbarg /
( geography ) a very big piece of ice in the ocean
ice cream / ' ais krim /
very cold, sweet food made from milk
ice cube / ' ais kyub /
a small piece of ice that you put in a drink to make it cold
(used about drinks) served very cold, with ice
ice hock • ey / ' ais haki / ( also hock • ey )
[noncount]
( sports ) a game that is played on ice by two teams, who try to hit a small flat rubber thing (called a puck ) into a goal with long wooden sticks
ice hockey
ice rink / ' ais rigk / ( also skat • ing rink
/ ' skeitig rigk / rink )
ice skate / ais skeit /
( ice skates, ice skat • ing , ice skat • ed ) ( also skate ) to move on ice in special boots (called ice skates ), which have long sharp pieces of metal on the bottom
► ice skat • ing / ' ais skeitig / ( also skat ing )
[noncount]
i • ci • cle / aisikl /
a long piece of ice that hangs down from something
ic • ing / ' aisig /
a sweet substance that you use for covering cakes
i • con / aikan /
1 a small picture on a computer screen that you can use to start a program or open a file
2 a famous person or thing that people admire
ic • y / ' aisi /
very cold an icy wind
covered with ice
a document that shows who you are
ID is short for "identity" or "identification."
I'd / aid /
i .de .аФ / ai'dis/
1 a plan or new thought
have an idea. Let's have a party!
a picture in your mind
an opinion or a belief
i • de • al / ai ' dial /
the best or exactly right
—SYNONYM perfect
i • de • al • ly / ai ' diali / adverb She's ideally suited to the job.
i • de • al • ism / ai 'dializam/
the belief that a perfect life or situation is possible, even
when this is not likely
i • de • al • ist / ai 'dialist / noun [ count ] He's an idealist.
i • den • ti • cal AWL / ai 'dentikl /
exactly the same
i • den • ti • fi • ca • tion awl
/ ai|dentafa ' keijn /
[ count, noncount ] the process of showing or finding out who someone or something is
(
i • den • ti • fy Ф AWL / ai 'dentafai /
to say or know who someone is or what something is
i • den • ti • ty AWL / ai'dentati /
[ count, noncount ] (
id • i • om / idiam /
( english language arts ) a group of words with a special meaning
id • i • o • mat • ic / |idia ' mretik /
a person who is stupid or does something silly
i • dol / ' aidl/
a famous person that people love
( religion ) an object that people treat as a god
i • dol • ize / ' aidbaiz /
to love or admire someone very much or too much
used in writing to mean "that is" or "in other words"
1 a word that you use to say what is possible or true when
another thing happens or is true
may see you tomorrow. If not, I'll see you next week.
a word that shows a question
—SYNONYM whether
every time
in a way that makes you think something
if I were you
words that you use when you are giving someone advice
if only
words that show that you want something very much
ig • loo / ' iglu/
ig • nite / ig ' nait /
to start burning or to make something start burning
ig • ni • tion / ig' nijn /
the part of a car where you put the key to start the engine
ig • no • rance awl / ' ignarans /
[noncount]
not knowing about something
ig • no • rant AWL / ' ignarant /
ig . nore О / igw / verb
( ig - nores , ig - nor - ing , ig nored )
to know about someone or something, but to not do anything about it
il-
( used with words beginning with "l" ) not; the opposite of
ill / il /
I'll / ail /
il • le • gal Ф AWL / i 'ligl /
not allowed by law
il • le • gal • ly AWL / i ' ligali / adverb She entered the country illegally.
il • leg • i • ble / i ' led3abl /
difficult or impossible to read
—ANTONYM legible
il • lit • er • ate / i ' litarat /
not able to read or write —ANTONYM literate
il • lit • er • a • cy / i 'litarasi / noun [ noncount ] the problem of adult illiteracy —ANTONYM literacy
ill . n6SS Ф / 'ilnss /
1 [ noncount ] being sick
missed a lot of school because of illness last year.
[ count ] a type or period of illness
Illness getting sick catch a cold/the flu/a virus/a bug get sick/a cold/a headache have a cold/an infection/a fever/a toothache feel sick/hot/dizzy treatment examine a patient be on medication/antibiotics get/have a shot/an injection/an X-ray need/receive/get treatment — Look
il • log • i • cal aw / i ' lad3ikl /
not sensible or reasonable
—ANTONYM logical
il • lu • sion / i lu3n /
have no illusions about the situation — I know it's serious.
[ count ] something that your eyes tell you is there or is true but in fact is not
il • lus • trate AWL / ' Ibstreit /
to explain or make something clear by giving examples
( art ) to add pictures to show something more clearly
il • lus • tra • tion AWL / |ibstreijn /
[count ]
( art ) a picture in a book
im-
( used with words beginning with "m" and "p" ) not; the
opposite of
im .age Ф / 'mudj/ noun
[count ]
the impression that a person or an organization gives to the public
a picture in people's minds of someone or something
a picture on paper or in a mirror
im • age • ry awl / ' imid3ri /
[noncount]
( english language arts ) language that makes pictures in the minds of the people reading or listening
i • mag • i • nar • y / I ' mredзЭ|neri /
not real; only in your mind
i .mag .i .na .tion Ф / I|mredзэ ' neifn /
[ count, noncount ]
the ability to think of new ideas or make pictures in your mind
i • mag • i • na • tive / i ' mredзэnэtIV /
having or showing imagination
1 to make a picture of something in your mind
closed my eyes and imagined I was lying on a beach.
to see, hear, or think something that is not true
to think that something is probably true
im • i • tate / ' ImэteIt /
( im • i • tates , im i • tat ing , im • i • tat • ed )
im • i • ta • tion / |1шэ ' teijn /
[ count ]
—SYNONYM copy
im • ma • ture Iaw / |1шэ 'tfur ; |1шэ'tur /
behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of younger people
im .me .di .ate О / i ' midbt /
im .me .di .ate .ly Ф /imidbtii/adverb
Spelling
Remember! You spell immediately with MM .
now
very big
► im • mense • ly / i ' mensli /
very or very much
im • merse / i ' шэ^ /
( im • mers • es , im mers ing , im • mersed )
to put something into a liquid so that it is covered
to give all your attention to something
im • mi • grant awl| / ' 1шэ9гэп: /
a person who comes to another country to live there
im • mi • grate awl / ' тэдге^ /
( im • mi • grates, im • mi • grat ing, im • mi • grat • ed )
to come to live in a country, after leaving your own country
im • mi • gra • tion aw / |1шэ ' greifn /
[noncount]
the process of coming to live in a country that is not your own
im • mor • al / i morsl /
(used about people and their behavior) not honest or good
im • mor • tal / i ' mortl /
living or lasting forever
( health ) If you are immune to a disease, you cannot get it
im • mu • ni • ty / i 'myunsti / noun [ noncount ] You can build up your natural immunity to viruses.
im • mune sys • tem / i myun |sistsm /
[ count ]
( biology , health ) the system in your body that fights
against infection and disease
im • mu • nize / ' imysnaiz /
( health ) to protect someone from a disease by putting a substance that protects the body (called a vaccine ) into their blood
im • mu • ni • za • tion / |imysns' zeijn /
[ count, noncount ]
im • pact AWL| / ' imprekt /
the effect that something has
im .pa .tient © / im'peijht/
not wanting to wait for something
—ANTONYM patient
im • pa • tience / im' peijns / noun [ noncount ] He couldn't hide his impatience.
im • pa • tient • ly / im' peijntli / adverb "Hurry up!" she said impatiently.
im • peach / im ' pitj /
( im .peach . es , im .peach ing , im .peached )
( politics ) to officially accuse a public official of a crime or of doing something bad in their job
im • peach • ment / im ' pitjmsnt /
im • per • a • tive 1 / im'perstiv /
( english language arts ) the form of a verb that you use
for telling someone to do something
im • per • a • tive 2 / im ' perstiv /
very important
im • per • fect / im ' psrfikt /
—ANTONYM perfect
im • per • fec • tion / impsr ' fekjn /
—ANTONYM perfection
im • per • son • ate / im ' psrssneit /
to copy the way another person speaks or behaves, usually
in order to make people laugh
im • per • ti • nent / im ' psrtn^snt /
rude and not showing respect
im • ple • ment 1 aw / ' implsment / [ count ]
a tool that you use, especially for working outside
im • ple • ment 2 aw / ' implsmsnt /
(im. ple . ments, im. ple . ment . ing, im. ple . ment . ed)
to start using a plan, system, etc.
[ count ] the effect that an action will have on something else in the future
[ count, noncount ] something that is suggested, without actually being said
im • plic • it aw / im ' plisst / J
not expressed in a direct way but understood by everyone
— Look
im • ply aw L / im ' plai /
to suggest something without actually saying it
im • po • lite / |imps ' lait /
not polite
im • port / im ' port /
to buy things from another country and bring them into your country
im • port / ' import / noun [ count ] What are your country's main imports?
im • port • er / im ' portsr /
im .por tance v / im portns /
the quality of being important
im .por .tant
think that happiness is more important than money.
powerful or special
im • pose AWL| / im ' pouz /
to make a law, a rule, an opinion, etc. be accepted by using your power or authority
im .pos .si .ble © / im ' pasabl /
If something is impossible , you cannot do it, or it cannot happen
—ANTONYM possible
im • prac • ti • cal / im' prrektikl /
not sensible or realistic
im • pre • cise AWL / |impri'sais /
—ANTONYM precise
im . press © / im'pres /
to make someone admire and respect you
im . pres . sion © / im'prejn /
im • pres • sive / im ' presiv /
If someone or something is impressive , you admire them
im • pris • on / im'prizn /
to put someone in prison
im • pris • on • ment / im'priznmant /
im • prob • a • ble / im ' prababl /
not likely to be true or to happen
—ANTONYM probable
im . prove © / im'pmv/
im .prove .ment © / im ' pruvmant / [ count, noncount ]
a change that makes something better than it was before
im • pro • vise / ' impravaiz /
im • prov • i • sa • tion / im|prava ' zeijn /
im • pulse / ' impAis /
a sudden strong wish to do something
im • pul • sive / im ' pAlsiv /
doing things suddenly and without thinking carefully
a word that shows where someone or something is
making all or part of something
a word that shows when something happens
a word that shows how long something takes
a word that shows what clothes someone is wearing
a word that shows how someone or something is
a word that shows someone's job
a word that shows in what way or in what language
in 2© / in /
1 to a place, from outside
opened the door and went in.
at home or at work
fashionable now
in.
in-
in • a • bil • i • ty / |ina ' bilati /
not being able to do something
The adjective is unable .
in • ac • ces • si • ble AWL / im®k'sesabi /
very difficult or impossible to reach or contact
—ANTONYM accessible
in • ac • cu • rate AWL / in ' ®kyarat /
not correct; with mistakes in it
—ANTONYM accurate
Thesaurus
incorrect wrong according to the facts; containing mistakes. This word is a little formal:
—ANTONYM correct
mistaken (used about a person) wrong in your opinion or judgment:
—ANTONYM right , correct
in • ac • cu • rate • ly / in ' rekyaratli / adverb The message had been copied inaccurately.
in • ac • tive / in ' rektiv /
doing nothing; not active
—ANTONYM active
in •ad • e • quate Iaw / in ' redikwat /
not enough, or not good enough
—ANTONYM adequate
in • ad • e • quate • ly AWL / in' redikwatli /
in • ap • pro • pri • ate |awl| / ma ' proupriat /
not suitable
in • ap • pro • pri • ate • ly |AWL / |ina 'proupriatli /
in • au • gu • rate / i ' nogyareit /
( in au - gu - rates , in - au - gu - rat - ing , in - au - gu rat - ed )
( politics ) to introduce a new public official or leader at a special ceremony
in • au • gu • ral / i ' nogyaral / adjective the president's inaugural speech
in • au • gu • ra • tion / i|nogya ' reijn /
[ count, noncount ]
in • box / inbaks /
( computers ) the place on a computer where new e-mail messages are shown
in • ca • pa • ble aw / in ' keipabl /
not able to do something
in • cen • tive awl| / in ' sentiv /
[ count, noncount ]
something that makes you want to do something
a measure of length (= 2.54 centimeters). There are twelve inches in a foot
in • ci • dent aw п / ' insadant /
something that happens, especially something bad or unusual
in • ci • den • tal • ly |AWL / |insa 'dentali /
a word that you say when you are going to talk about something different
in • cin • er • a • tor / in ' sinareitar /
[ count ]
a container or machine for burning garbage or other things
in • clined aw Ц / in ' klaind /
1 wanting to do something
know Andrew well, so I'm inclined to believe what he says.
likely to do something
in .elude © / in klud /
to have someone or something as one part of the whole
to make someone or something part of a group
—ANTONYM exclude
with; if you count someone or something
—ANTONYM excluding
in • clu • sive / in klusiv /
including everything or the thing mentioned
in • co • her • ent |awL / |inkou ' hirant /
not clear or easy to understand; not saying something clearly
in • co • her • ent • ly AWL / inkou 'hirsntli /
in • come AWL / ' inkAm /
[ count, noncount ]
all the money that you receive for your work, for example
in • come tax / ' inkAm treks /
[ count, noncount ]
the money that you pay to the government from the money that you earn
in • com • pat • i • ble aw / |inksm' pretsbl /
very different, and so not able to exist or be used together
—ANTONYM compatible
in • com • pat • i • bil • i • ty AWB / |inksm|prets 'bilsti /
(
in • com • pe • tent / in ' kampstsnt /
not having the necessary skill to do something well
—ANTONYM competent
in • com • pe • tent • ly / in ' kampstsntli /
not finished; with parts missing
—ANTONYM complete
in • com • pre • hen • si • ble
/ in| kampri henssbl /
in • con • sid • er • ate / |inksn sidsrst /
(used about a person) not thinking or caring about other people and their feelings
in • con • sis • tent Iaw / |inksn ' sistsnt /
not always the same
—ANTONYM consistent
in • con • spic • u • ous / | inksn spikyuss /
not easily seen or noticed
in • con • ven • ient / |inksn vinysnt /
causing you problems or difficulty
—ANTONYM convenient
in • con • ven • ience / |inksn ' vinysns /
[ count, noncount ]
in • cor • po • rate Iaw / in ' korpsreit /
( in . cor . po . rates , in . cor po . rat . ing , in cor po rat.ed )
to make something a part of something else
—SYNONYM include
in • cor • po • rat • ed aw / in ' korpsreitsd /
( business ) a word that is sometimes used after the name of a big company (a corporation )
in • cor • rect / |inks ' rekt /
not right or true
mistaken (used about a person) wrong in your opinion or judgment:
in .crease 1© / mi-Hs/ verb
(in . creas.es , in . creas . ing , in . creased ) Pronunciation
When increase is a verb, you say the second part of the word louder: inCREASE . When increase is a noun, you say the first part of the word louder: INcrease .
to become bigger or more; to make something bigger or more
—ANTONYM decrease
in .crease 2© / 'mkns/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
—SYNONYM rise —ANTONYM decrease
in • creas • ing • ly / in ' krisigli /
more and more
in • cred • i • ble / in ' Ь^эЫ /
( informal ) very large or very good She earns an incredible amount of money. The hotel was incredible.
impossible or very difficult to believe
—SYNONYM unbelievable
► in • cred • i • bly / in ' Ь^эЬИ /
extremely
in • cu • ba • tor / ' щkyэbeItэr /
( health ) a special machine that hospitals use to keep small or weak babies alive
in • cur • a • ble / in ' kyurebl /
( health ) that cannot be made better
—ANTONYM curable
in • de • ci • sive / |indi ' saisiv /
not able to make decisions easily —ANTONYM decisive
in .deed © / in did /
a word that you use to say strongly that something is true; in fact
in • def • i • nite AWL / in ' defэnэt /
not clear or certain
—ANTONYM definite
in • def • i • nite ar • ti • cle
/ In|defэnэt ' artikl /
( english language arts ) the name for the words "a" and "an"
—Look
in • def • i •nite • ly |awl| / in ' defэnэtli /
for a long time, perhaps forever
in • dent / in' dent /
to start a line of writing farther from the edge of the page than the other lines
in • de • pend • ence / |indi 'pendэns /
noncount]
being free from another person, thing, or country
In • de • pend • ence Day
/ |indi 'pendэns dei /
—SYNONYM the Fourth of July
in . de . pend . ent Ф/ md. Рпкьш /
Remember! You spell independent with three E's .
not controlled by another person, thing, or country
not needing or wanting help
in • de • pend • ent • ly / |indi ' pendэntli / adverb Hannah is able to work independently.
full of detail
in • dex aw д / ' indeks /
(
a list of words from A to Z at the end of a book. It tells you what things are in the book and where you can find them.
in • dex fin • ger / ' indeks 1щдэг /
[ count ]
the finger next to your thumb
in • di • cate aw / ' IndэkeIt /
( in • di • cates , in di cat ing , in • di • cat ed )
to show that something is true, exists, or will happen
to make someone notice something, especially by pointing to it
in • di • ca • tor AWB / ' IndэkeItэr /
something that gives information or shows something; a sign
in • di • ca • tion awl| / ^э' keijn /
[ count, noncount ]
something that shows something
—SYNONYM sign
in • dif • fer • ent / in ' difrent /
not interested in or caring about someone or something
in • di • ges • tion / ^^э ' d3estjbn /
[noncount]
( health ) pain in your stomach caused by something that you ate
in • dig • nant / in ' digmnt /
angry because someone has done or said something that
you do not like or agree with
in • dig • nant • ly / in ' dig^n^ / adverb "I'm not late," he said indignantly.
in • dig • na • tion / |indig'nei/n /
in • di • rect / | indi rekt /
not straight or direct
—ANTONYM direct
in • di • rect • ly / |indi ' rektli / adverb These events affect us all, directly or indirectly.
in • di • rect ob • ject / ,mdi ' rekt ' abd3ekt /
( english language arts ) a person or thing that an action is done to or for
— Look
in • di • vid •u • al 1 © |AWL / |inda'vid3ual /
considered separately and not as part of a group
for only one person or thing
in • di • vid • u • al 2 aw / |inda ' vid3ual /
[ count ]
one person
—ANTONYM outdoor
in • doors / |in ' dorz /
—SYNONYM inside —ANTONYM outdoors
in • dulge / in ' dAid3 /
( in dulg • es , in • dulg • ing , in • dulged )
1 to do something special that you enjoy
indulged myself and spent a day at the spa.
to give someone something that they really want
in • dus • tri • al / in' dAstrial /
( business )
connected with making things in factories
with a lot of factories
ill .dUS .try ©/ mdostri /
[ noncount ] the work of making things in factories
[ count ] all the companies that make or do the same thing
in • ed • i • ble / in ' edabl /
not suitable to be eaten
—ANTONYM edible
in • ef • fec • tive / | ini fektiv /
not producing the effect or result that you want
—ANTONYM effective
in • ef • fi • cient / |ini ' fijnt /
A person or thing that is inefficient does not work well or in the best way
in • e • qual • i • ty / |ini ' kwalati /
not being the same or not having the same rights
—ANTONYM equality
in • er • tia / i'narja /
( physics ) the physical force that stops things from moving, or keeps them moving in the same direction
in • ev • i • ta • ble Iaw / in ' evatabl /
► in • ev • i • ta • bly AWL / in'evatabli /
in • ex • pen • sive / |inik ' spensiv /
low in price
in •ex • pe • ri • enced / |inik' spirianst /
If you are inexperienced , you do not know about something because you have not done it many times before
—ANTONYM experienced
in • ex • pli • ca • ble / |inik' splikabl /
Something that is inexplicable cannot be explained or understood
in • fa • mous / ' infamas /
famous for being bad
in • fant / ' infant /
a baby
in • fect / in ' fekt /
( health ) to give a disease to someone
in • fect • ed / in fektid /
( health ) full of small living things (called germs ) that can make you sick
in .fee .tion © /m'fekjh/ noun
( health )
[ noncount ] the act of becoming or making someone sick
[ count ] an illness that affects one part of the body
in • fec • tious / in ' fekjas /
( health ) An infectious disease goes easily from one person to another.
in • fer aw / in ' far /
( in fers, in - fer ring, in - ferred )
to decide that something is true from the information you have
in • fe • ri • or / in firiar /
—ANTONYM superior
in • fest • ed / in festad /
If a place is infested , there are a lot of unpleasant animals or insects in it
( sports ) the central part of a baseball field — Look
in • fi • nite aw / ' infanat / В
with no end; too much or too many to count or measure
—ANTONYM finite
in • fi • nite • ly AWl| / ' infanatli /
very much
in • fin • i • tive / in ' fmativ /
We sometimes use the infinitive with
in • fin • i • ty / in ' finati/
in • flam • ma • ble / in flremabl /
—SYNONYM flammable
in • flate / in ' fleit /
to fill something with air or gas
—SYNONYM blow something up
► in • flat • a • ble / in' fleitabl /
that can or must be filled with air
in • fla • tion / in' fleijn/
a general rise in prices in a country
in • flex • i • ble aw / in ' fleksabl /
not able to change easily
not able to bend easily —ANTONYM flexible
in .flu .ence 1© / 'шйшпз/ noun
1 [ count, noncount ] the power to change what someone believes or does
2 [ count ] a person or thing that can change someone or something
in • flu • ence 2 / ' influans /
to change the way that someone thinks or the way that
something happens
in • flu • en • tial / |influ' enjl /
in .form © / in form /
to tell someone something
in .for .mal © / m'forml /
Some words and expressions in this dictionary are marked informal . You use informal language when speaking and writing to people you know well, but not in serious writing or official letters.
in • for • mal • ly / in ' formali /
in .for .ma .tion © / ^nfer'meijh/
[noncount]
facts about people or things
Be careful! Information is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "an information" or "informations." You say some information or a piece of information
in • form • a • tive / in ' formativ /
in • fre • quent / in ' frikwant /
not happening often
—SYNONYM rare —ANTONYM frequent
in • fre • quent • ly / in ' frikwantli /
in • fu • ri • ate / in ' fyurieit /
to make someone very angry
in • fu • ri • at • ing / in ' fyurieitig /
Suffix
-ing
( in adjectives ) producing a particular state or effect
in • gen • ious / in ' d3inyas /
1 made or planned in an intelligent way
2 An ingenious person is good at finding answers to problems or thinking of new things.
in • gre • di • ent / in 'gridiэnt /
one of the things that you put in when you make something to eat
in • hab • it / in ' hrebэt /
( in hab • its , in • hab • it • ing , in • hab it • ed )
to live in a place
in • hab • i • tant / in ' hrebэtэnt /
a person or an animal that lives in a place
in • hale / in heil /
( biology ) to take air, smoke, etc. into your body by breathing
in • her • it / in ' heret / ( in her • its , in • her • it • ing , in her • it • ed )
to get money or things from someone who has died
( biology ) to receive a quality, a physical characteristic, etc. from your parents or family
in • her • i • tance / in ' herэtэns /
money or things that you get from someone who has died
in • hu • mane / linhyu' mein /
very cruel; not caring if people or animals suffer
—ANTONYM humane in • i • tial 1 aw / I ' nijl /
first
in • i • tial • ly AWL / i 'nijln / adverb Initially, the system worked well. —SYNONYM at first
in • i • tial 2 AWL / I'nijl /
the first letter of a person's name
in • i • ti • ate AWL / I 'nijieit /
in • i • ti • a • tion AwB / ^щл eijn /
[noncount]
an act of making someone part of a group, often with a special ceremony
in • i • tia • tive АШИ /1 ' niRiv /
[ count ] a new plan that is introduced to solve a problem
[ noncount ] the ability to see and do what is necessary without waiting for someone to tell you
in • ject / in ' d3ekt /
( health ) to put a drug into a person's body using a special needle (called a syringe )
in • jec • tion / in ' d3ek/n /
in • jure Ф AWL / ' ш13эг /
( health ) to hurt yourself or someone else, especially in an accident
in • jured AWL / ' ш13эг1 /
in • ju • ry Ф AWL / ' ш13эг1 /
[ count, noncount ] (
examine/clean/disinfect a wound put on a Band-Aid™/a bandage be on/take painkillers/antibiotics
in • jus • tice / in' dзлstэs /
[ count, noncount ]
the fact of a situation not being fair or right
in • land / |in ' lrend /
in • land / ' inbnd /
in the middle of a country, not near the ocean
in-laws / in loz /
in • let / ' inlet /
( geography ) a narrow area of water that goes into the land from the ocean or a lake
in-line skate / |inlain ' skeit /
—SYNONYM Rollerblade™ ,
in-line skat • ing / |inlain ' skeitig /
[count]
a small hotel, usually in the country
inside; toward or close to the center
—ANTONYM outer
in • ner cit • y / |insr ' siti/
(
the poor areas near the center of a big city
in • ner-cit • y adjective an inner-city school
in • ning / ' inig /
( sports ) one of the nine periods of a baseball game, in which each team has a turn to hit the ball
in • no • cent / ' inssnt /
If you are innocent , you have not done anything wrong
—ANTONYM guilty
not knowing the bad things in life; believing everything you are told
—SYNONYM naive
in • no • cence / ' inssns /
in • no • va • tion AWL / ins 'veijn /
[ count, noncount ]
in • of • fen • sive / |ins ' fensiv /
not likely to make anyone feel upset or angry
—ANTONYM offensive
in • put AWLI / ' input /
time, ideas, or work that you put into something to make it successful
in • quire / in ' kwaisr /
to ask for information about something
—SYNONYM ask
in • quir • y / ' inkwsri ; in ' kwaisri /
a question that you ask to get information about something
in • quis • i • tive / in ' kwizstiv /
wanting to find out as much as possible about things
in • sane / in ' sein /
( health ) very sick in your mind
—SYNONYM crazy
(
► in • san • i • ty / in ' srensti /
[noncount]
the state of being insane
in . sect © / 'insekt /
inserts
bee
beetle
wasp
fly ladybug mosquito
in • sec • ti • cide / in sektssaid /
[ count, noncount ]
a chemical substance that is used for killing insects
in • se • cure AWL / inss ' kyur /
worried and not sure about yourself
not safe or firm
—ANTONYM secure
► in • se • cu • ri • ty AWB / inss 'kyursti /
[ count, noncount ] (
in • sen • si • tive / in ' sensstiv /
—ANTONYM sensitive
in • sert / in ' ssrt /
to put something into something or between two things
in, on, or to the inside of something
— Look
in .side 2© / in'said/ИОМИ [ count ]
the part near the middle of something
inside out
flea
in • sig • nif • i • cant aw / |insig' nifikant /
of little value or importance
—ANTONYM significant
in • sin • cere / |insin ' sir /
not being honest, and not meaning what you say or do
—ANTONYM sincere
in • sist / in ' sist /
to say very strongly that something must happen or be done
to say very strongly that something is true, when someone does not believe you
in • so • lent / ' insalant /
—SYNONYM rude
in • som • ni • a / in ' samnia /
( health ) a condition in which you are not able to sleep
in • spect AWL / in ' spekt/
in • spec • tion AWL / in ' spekjn /
[ count, noncount ]
in • spec • tor AWL / in ' spektar /
[ count ]
a person whose job is to see that things are done correctly
a police officer
in • spi • ra • tion / |inspa ' reijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a person or thing that makes you want to do something or gives you good ideas
in • spi • ra • tion • al / |inspa ' rei/anl /
in • spire / in' spaiar /
to make someone want to do something His wife inspired him to write this poem.
to make someone feel or think something
in • spir • ing / in ' spaiarig / adjective an inspiring teacher
in • stall / in ' stol /
to put a new thing in its place so it is ready to use
in • stal • la • tion / |insta ' leijn /
a regular payment that you make for something She's paying for her new car in monthly installments .
one part of a story on radio or television, or in a magazine
in • stance awl / ' instans /
an example or a case of something
for instance
as an example
happening very quickly
(used about food) quick and easy to prepare
in • stant • ly / ' instantli /
in • stant 2 / ' instant /
a very short time
in • stinct / ' instigkt/
( biology ) something that makes people and animals do certain things without thinking or learning about them
in • stinc • tive / in ' stigktiv /
in • sti • tute AWL / ' instatut /
a group of people who meet to study or talk about a special thing; the building where they meet
in • sti • tu • tion AWL / insta 'tujn /
a big organization like a bank, hospital, prison, or school
in • struct AWL / in ' strAkt /
to tell someone what they must do
( formal ) to teach someone something Children must be instructed in road safety.
in .struc .tion ©
instructions [ plural ] words that tell you what you must do or how to do something
[ noncount ] teaching or being taught something
in • struc • tor AWL / in ' strAktar /
a person who teaches you how to do something
harp
2 a thing that you use for doing a special job
in • stru • men • tal / |instra ' mentl /
helping to make something happen
( music ) for musical instruments without voices
in • suf • fi • cient / |insa ' fijnt /
not enough
in • su • late / ' insaleit /
to protect something with a material that stops electricity,
heat, or sound from passing through
in • su • la • tion / |insa 'leijn /
in • su • lin / ' insalan/
in .SUlt О /m'sAlt/
to be deliberately rude to someone
in • sult / ' insAlt / noun [ count ] The boys shouted insults at each other.
in • sult • ing / ' insAltig / adjective insulting behavior
in • sur • ance / in'Jurans /
[ noncount ]
an agreement where you pay money to a company so that it will give you money if something bad happens
in • sure / in 'Jur /
to pay money to a company, so that it will give you money if something bad happens
instruments
trumpet
clarinet oboe
recorder
another word for ensure
in • tact / in ' trekt /
complete; not damaged
in • te • ger / ' intad3ar /
( math ) a whole number, such as 3 or 4 but not 3.5
integrate AWL / ' intagreit /
to join things so that they become one thing, or so that they work together
to become, or to make someone become accepted as part of a group
in • te • grat • ed AWL / ' intagreitad /
in • te • gra • tion AWL / inta ' greijn /
[noncount]
in • tel • lec • tu • al 1 / |inta' lektjual /
connected with a person's ability to think and understand things
in • tel • lec • tu • al 2 / |inta' lektjual /
a person who enjoys thinking deeply about things
in • tel • li • gence AWL / in' telad3ans /
[ noncount ]
being able to think, learn, and understand quickly and well
( politics ) important information about a foreign country, especially one that is an enemy
in •tel • li • gent © |awl / in ' teiad3ant /
in • tel • li • gent • ly AWL / in ' telad3antli / adverb They solved the problem very intelligently. Thesaurus
in .tend © / in tend /
to plan to do something
The noun is intention .
be intended for someone or something
to be planned or made for a particular person or reason
in • tense AWL| / in ' tens /
very great or strong
in • tense • ly AWL / in ' tensli / adverb I found the movie intensely boring.
in • ten • sive AWL / in ' tensiv /
in • ten • sive • ly AWL| / in ' tensivli /
in .ten .tion © / in ' ten/n /
[ count, noncount ]
what you plan to do
purpose the reason for doing something; what something is used for or is supposed to achieve:
in • ten • tion • al / in ' ten^nl /
done on purpose, not by mistake
—SYNONYM deliberate
in • ten • tion • al • ly / in ' tenjbmli / adverb They broke the window intentionally. —SYNONYM deliberately
Prefix
inter-
between; from one to another
in • ter • act AWL / ^эг ' ®kt /
to communicate or mix with someone
in • ter • ac • tion AWL / ^эг ' rekjn /
[ count, noncount ]
in • ter • ac • tive |awl| / ^эг ' ®ktiv /
( computers ) involving direct communication both ways, between a computer or other form of technology and the person using it
in .ter .est iO /mtrost/ noun
[ noncount , singular ] wanting to know or learn about someone or something
[ count ] something that you like doing or learning about
[ noncount ] ( business ) the extra money that you pay back if you borrow money or that you receive if you put money in a bank
Word building There are two main types of bank account . If you have a checking account , you can take your money out at any time by using a check or an ATM card (= a card that you put into a machine, which gives you money ) .
A savings account lets you keep your money in the bank to use later. You receive extra money, called interest , for keeping your money there.
in .ter .est 2® / 'mtrest/
to make someone want to know more
in .ter .est .ed © / mtrostod /
wanting to know more about someone or something
in .ter .est . ing © / mtrostnj /
A person or thing that is interesting makes you want to know more about them
—ANTONYM boring
in • ter • fere / ^r fir /
( in . ter . feres ,in ter . fer . ing , in . ter . fered )
to try to do something with or for someone, when they do not want your help
to stop something from being done well His social life often interferes with his studies.
in • ter • fer • ence / ^эг' firens /
in • te • ri • or / in ' ьйэг /
[ count , usually singular ]
the inside part
in • te • ri • or
—ANTONYM exterior
in • ter • jec • tion / ^Щэг' d3ek|n /
[count]
( english language arts ) a short word or phrase that you say suddenly to show surprise, pain, happiness, or other feeling
in • ter • me • di • ate |awL / |intsr'midist /
coming between two things or levels
in • ter • mis • sion / |intsr' mijn /
[count]
a short period of time separating the parts of a play, concert, etc.
in • tern / ' intsrn /
( health ) a doctor who has finished medical school and is working at a hospital to get practical training
a person, especially a student, who is working somewhere for a short time to learn about a particular job or career
in • ter•nal aw / in ' tsrnl /
of or on the inside
in • ter • nal • ly AWL / in ' tsrnbi / adverb We dealt with the matter internally.
in . ter . na . tion . al О / ты-тфы /
— Look
in • ter • na • tion • al • ly / |intsr' nre/snsli / adverb an internationally famous musician
In .ter .net Ф / 'mtornrt/
( also
( computers ) the international system of computers that makes it possible for you to see information from all around the world on your computer and to send information to other computers
browse/surf/search the Internet/the Web check out/visit a website/someone's blog click/click on/follow a link start/have/write/read a blog chatting and sharing chat with someone/your friends online meet someone in/enter a chat room download/upload music/a song/a video/a photo post a comment/a message share information/files
in • tern • ship / ' intsrnTip /
( business ) a period of time when someone, especially a student, works somewhere to learn about a particular job or career
in • ter • pret AWL / in ' tsrprst /
1 to say in one language what someone has said in another language
can't speak Italian — can you interpret for me?
to explain the meaning of something
in • ter • pre • ta • tion awl / m|tsrprs' teijn /
an explanation of something
in • ter • pret • er / in ' tsrprstsr /
[ count ]
a person whose job is to translate what someone is saying into another language
in • ter • ro • gate / in ' tersgeit /
to ask someone a lot of questions over a long period of time
in • ter • ro • ga • tion / infers ' geijn /
[ count, noncount ]
in .ter . rupt Ф / mto F\pt /
to say or do something to stop someone from speaking or doing something
to stop something for a time The game was interrupted by rain.
in • ter • rup • tion / |ints ' rApJn /
in • ter • sec • tion / |intsr'sekjn /
the place where two or more roads, lines, etc. meet and cross each other
in • ter • state / ' intsrsteit /
a wide road for fast traffic that goes between states in the U.S.
in • ter • val awl / ' intsrvl /
a period of time between two events
in .ter .view l^/'intsrvyu/
1 a meeting when someone asks you questions to decide if you will get a job
have a job interview tomorrow.
a meeting when someone answers questions for a newspaper or for a television or radio program
in • ter • view 2 / ' intsrvyu /
to ask someone questions in an interview
in • ter • view • er / ' intsrvyusr / noun [ count ] The interviewer asked me why I wanted the job.
in • tes • tine / in ' testan /
( biology ) the tube in your body that carries food away from your stomach to the place where it leaves your body
in • ti • mate / ' intamat /
(used about people) having a close relationship
—SYNONYM close
in • tim • i • date / in' timadeit /
( in tim i dates , in . tim . i . dat . ing , in • tim i • dat . ed )
to frighten someone so that they do what you want them to
in • tim • i • dat • ing / in ' timadeitig / adjective The new coach is really intimidating.
in • tim • i • da • tion / in|tima ' deijn /
in .to © / into; intu/
1 to the middle or the inside of something
went into town. He fell into the river.
in the direction of something Please speak into the microphone.
against something
a word that shows how someone or something changes
a word that you use when you divide a number
be into something (
to like something; to be interested in something
in • tol • er • a • ble / in ' talarabl /
so bad or difficult that you cannot accept it
—SYNONYM unbearable
in • tra • net / ' intranet /
( computers ) a system of computers inside an organization that makes it possible for people to share information
Look
in • tran • si • tive / in ' trrensativ /
( english language arts ) An intransitive verb does not have an object.
in • tri • cate / ' intrikat /
having a lot of small parts or complicated details
in • trigue / in ' trig /
to make someone very interested
in • trigu • ing / in ' trigig /
in .tro duce © / | intra ' dus / ( in . tro . duc es , in . tro . duc . ing , in . tro duced )
to bring people together for the first time and tell each of them the name of the other
Style
When we introduce people we say this is not "he is" or "she is" and not "here is":
When you meet someone for the first time, you can say Hello , how are you? or Nice to meet you .
to bring in something new This law was introduced in 2002.
in .tro .due .tion © / mtr^hkm/ noun
[ noncount ] bringing in something new the introduction of computers into schools
[ count ] bringing people together to meet each other
[ count ] a piece of writing at the beginning of a book that tells you about the book
in • tro • vert / ' intravart /
a quiet, shy person who finds it easier to be alone than with others —ANTONYM extrovert
in • trud • er / in ' trudar /
a person who enters a place without permission
in • tu • i • tion / |intu ' ijn /
[ count, noncount ]
the feeling that you know something is true without being able to explain why
In • u • it / ' inuat ; ' inyuat /
in • vade / in veid /
in • va • lid 1 / in 'vrelad /
not legally or officially acceptable
in • va • lid 2 / ' invalad /
( health ) a person who has been very sick for a long time and needs another person to take care of them
in • val • u • a • ble / in ' vrelyabl /
Be careful! Invaluable is not the opposite of valuable . The opposite of valuable is worthless .
in • var • i • a • bly aw / in ' veriabli /
in • va • sion / in'vei3n /
in .Vent О / in'vent/
to make or think of something for the first time
to say something that is not true
in • ven • tor / in 'ventar / noun [ count ] Marconi was the inventor of the radio.
in • ven • tion / in 'venjn /
[ count ] a thing that someone has made for the first time
[ noncount ] inventing something
in • ver • te • brate / in 'vartabrat / [count]
( biology ) any animal without a solid line of bones (a backbone ) going along its body
i n • vest AWL| / in ' vest /
( business ) to give money to a business or bank so that you
will get more money back
in • vest • ment AWL| / in 'vestmant /
in • ves • tor AWL / in ' vestar /
in • ves • ti • gate © Awl / in ' vestageit /
( in ves - ti - gates , in - ves ti - gat - ing , in - ves - ti - gat ed )
in • ves • ti • ga • tion AWL / investa ' geijn /
[ count, noncount ]
in • vis • i • ble aw / in ' vizabl /
If something is invisible , you cannot see it
in .vi .ta .tion © / ^nva'teijn/
If you have an invitation to go somewhere, someone has spoken or written to you and asked you to go
in .vite Ф / in'vait /
in • voice / ' invois /
( business ) a list that shows how much you must pay for things that someone has sold you, or for work that someone has done for you
in • vol • un • tar • y / in 'valanteri /
done without wanting or meaning to
in .volve О E / in ' valv /
( in volves , in - volv - ing , in - volved )
2 If you involve someone in something, you make them take part in it
in • volved aw / in ' valvd / Я
taking part in something; being part of something or
connected with something
in • ward / inward / ( also in - wards / inwardz / )
toward the inside or center
—ANTONYM outward
i•o • dine / aiadain /
( chemistry ) a dark substance that is found in the water in oceans. A liquid containing iodine is sometimes used to clean cuts on your skin.
IOU / |ai ou yu /
a piece of paper that shows you promise to pay someone the money you owe them IOU is a way of writing "I owe you."
( english language arts ) a system of symbols to show how words sound IPA is short for "International Phonetic Alphabet."
IQ / |ai ' kyu /
a way of measuring how intelligent someone is
IQ is short for "intelligence quotient."
Prefix
ir-
( used with words beginning with "r" ) not; the opposite of
i . гоп 1 ©7 aiorn /
[ noncount ] (
[ count ] a piece of electrical equipment that gets hot and that you use for making clothes smooth
i • ron 2 / ' aiarn /
( i - rons , i - ron ing , i roned )
to make clothes smooth using an iron 1 ( 2 )
ironed
i • ron • ic / ai ranik /
meaning the opposite of what you say
i • ron • ing board / ' aiarnig bord / [count ]
a special long table where you iron clothes — Look
i • ro • ny / ' airani /
a strange or unusual part of a situation that is different from what you expect
ir • ra • tion • al aw / i ' гж/эп1 /
not based on facts; not sensible
—ANTONYM rational
ir • ra • tion • al • ly AWL| / i'rrejbnali /
ir • reg • u • lar / i ' regyalar /
happening at different times
( english language arts ) A word that is irregular
does not have the usual verb forms or plural
—ANTONYM regular
ir • rel • e • vant aw / i ' relavant /
—ANTONYM relevant
ir • re • sis • ti • ble / |iri ' zistabl /
so powerful or attractive that you cannot stop yourself from
wanting or doing it
ir •re • spon • si • ble / |iri ' spansabi /
not thinking about the effect your actions will have; not sensible
—ANTONYM responsible
ir • ri • gate / ' irageit /
to supply water to land for growing food, using pipes or other equipment
ir • ri • ga • tion / |ira ' geijn /
ir • ri • ta • ble / ' iratabl /
becoming angry easily
ir • ri • tate / ' irateit /
to make someone angry
( health ) to make a part of your body hurt a little
ir • ri • ta • tion / |ira'teijn / noun [ count, noncount ] This plant can cause irritation to your skin.
ir • ri • tat • ing / ' irateitig /
-ish
(in adjectives and nouns ) describing nationality or language
( in adjectives ) similar to
( in adjectives ) fairly; kind of
Is • lam / is ' lam ; ' izlam /
Is • lam • ic / is ' lremik ; iz ' lremik /
iS . land Ф / 'aibnd/
The word island sounds like highland , because we don't say the letter s in this word. ( geography ) a piece of land with water all around it
i • so • late AWL| / ' aisaleit /
to keep someone or something separate from other people or things
i • so • la • tion AWL| / |aisa 'leijn /
i • so • lat • ed
an important problem that people talk about
a magazine or newspaper of a particular day, week, or month
is • sue 2 / ' iju /
( is . sues , is . su . ing , is sued )
to give or say something officially
Suffix
-ist
( in nouns)
a person who has studied something or who does something as a job
a person who believes in something or belongs to a particular group
IT / |ai ' ti /
( computers ) the study or use of computers and other electronic equipment to store and send information IT is short for "Information Technology."
©/ it /
like your shirt. Is it new? Where's the coffee? I can't find it.
a word that points to an idea that follows
a word that shows who someone is
a word at the beginning of a sentence about time, the weather, or distance
i • tal • ics / i 'treliks /
a type of writing or printing in which the letters do not
stand straight up
i • tal • ic / i ' trelik / adjective italic writing
itch / itj /
the feeling on your skin that makes you want to rub or scratch it
itch
itch • y / itji /
it'd / ' itad /
i .tem © / 'aitom /
one thing in a list or group of things What is the first item on the agenda? an item of clothing
a piece of news
i • tin • er • ar • y / ai 'tiered /
a plan of a trip, including which way you will go, the places you will visit, etc.
of the thing or animal that you have just talked about
Be careful! It's is a short way of saying "it is" or "it has":
it's / its /
it .self© / it self /
a word that shows the same thing or animal that you have just talked about
a word that makes "it" stronger
without being controlled by a person
alone
i • vo • ry / ' an^ri /
the hard, white substance that the long teeth (called tusks ) of an elephant (= a very large gray animal with big ears ) are made of
i • vy / ' aivi/
the I • vy League / di iaivi ' lig /
[ singular ]
a group of eight private colleges and universities in the north of the U.S. that are old and respected
Jj
J, j / d3ei /
jab / d3®b /
jack / d3rek /
[ count ]
the playing card that has a picture of a young man on it
jack .et © / 'd38ebt/ noun
[ count ]
a short coat with sleeves
jack • knife / ' d3®knaif /
—SYNONYM pocketknife
jack-o'-lan • tern / ' d3®k э |1жп:эгп /
[count]
a large, round, orange vegetable (called a pumpkin ) with a face cut into it, usually with a light inside. People make jack-o'-lanterns for Halloween (= October 31 ) .
Culture
In the past, people believed that dead people appeared from their graves on Halloween .
Nowadays, children dress up as witches, ghosts, etc. and go to people's houses saying " trick or treat ," and the people give them candy.
People also make jack-o'-lanterns , where they cut shapes into a pumpkin (= a large orange vegetable ) so that it looks like a face, and put a light inside.
jack • pot / ' d3®kpat /
the largest money prize you can win in a game
jade / d3eid /
[ noncount ]
a hard, green stone that is used for making jewelry
jag • ged / ' d3®gsd /
rough, with a lot of sharp points
jag • uar / ' d3®gwar /
[ count ]
a large wild cat with black spots that lives in Central and South America
jail / d3eil /
[ count, noncount ]
a prison
jam 1 / d3®m /
[ noncount ] sweet food made from fruit and sugar. You eat jam on bread
[ count ] a situation in which you cannot move because there are too many people or vehicles
jam 2 / d3®m /
to push something into a place where there is not much space
to fix something or to become fixed so that you cannot move it
jan • i • tor / ' d3®nstsr /
a person whose job is to clean a large building
Jan • U .ЯГ .У Ф / 'd38enyueri/
[ count, noncount ] (
jar / d3ar /
a glass container for food
jar • gon / d3argsn /
[noncount]
( english language arts ) special or technical words that are used by a particular group of people, and that other people do not understand
jave • lin / ' d3®vslsn /
[ count ] a long, pointed stick that people throw as a sport
the javelin [ singular ]
the event or sport of throwing the javelin
jaw / d3o /
[count]
one of the two bones in the head of a person or animal that hold the teeth
jaZZ / d3®z /
[noncount]
( music ) a kind of music with a strong beat
angry or sad because you want what another person has
—SYNONYM envious
angry or sad because you are afraid of losing someone's love
►jeal • ous • y / ' d3elssi /
[noncount]
pants made of strong cotton material (called denim ). Jeans are usually blue
Jeep™ / d3ip /
a strong car that can go well over rough land
jeer / d3ir /
to laugh or shout at someone in an unkind way that shows you do not respect them
jell • o ( also Jell-O™ ) / ' d3elou /
[noncount]
a soft food with a fruit flavor, which shakes when you move it
jel • ly / ' d3eli /
a sweet, smooth food made from fruit, which you eat on bread
jel • ly • fish / 'd3eiifij /
an animal with a soft, pale body that lives in the ocean. Jellyfish have long thin parts that hang down and can hurt (or sting ) you.
jerk 1 / d3ark /
to move quickly or suddenly; to pull or make something
move like this
jerk 2 / d3ark /
(
a sudden sharp movement The bus started with a jerk.
jer • sey / ' d3arzi /
a shirt that is part of a sports uniform
Je • sus / ' d3izas /
( also Je . sus Christ / |d3izas ' kraist / )
( religion ) the man who Christians believe is the Son of
God
jet / d3et /
[ count ]
a type of fast, modern airplane
liquid or gas that comes very fast out of a small hole
jet lag / ' d3et lreg /
the feeling of being very tired after a long airplane trip to a place where the local time is different
Jew / d3u /
[ count ]
( religion ) a person who follows the religion of Judaism
jew • el / d3ual /
a beautiful stone that is very valuable
—SYNONYM gem
jew • el • er / ' d3ualar /
a person who sells, makes, or repairs jewelry and watches jew • el • ry / ' d3ualri /
objects that people wear to decorate their fingers, ears, arms, etc.
bracelet
earrings
jewelry
necklace
ring chain pin
jig .saw puz .zle jigsaw puzz|e
/ 'd3igso ,pAzl / ( also puz - zle )
[count]
a picture in many pieces that you put together
jin • gle / ' d3iggl /
to make a pleasant sound like small bells; to cause something to make this sound
jinx / d3igks /
bad luck, or a person or thing that brings bad luck jinx
to make someone have bad luck ►jinxed / d3igkst /
having a lot of bad luck
When you apply for a job, you fill out an application form or you send a letter and your resume (= a list of your experience and education ) . You have an interview , and the employer asks for references (= letters from other people saying what you can do ) . Some jobs are full-time and some are part-time .
If you get fired , you lose your job. When you reach a certain age, you retire (= stop working ) . To find out what someone's job is, we say: What do you do ?
2 something that you must do
do a good job
to do something well
out of a job
without paid work
—SYNONYM unemployed Thesaurus
work the job that you do to earn money. Work is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "a work" or "works":
jock
jog / d3ag /
to run slowly for exercise
►jog
►jog • ger / ' d3agsr /
a person who goes jogging for exercise
to become a member of a group
to come together with someone or something
to bring or fasten one thing to another thing The tunnel joins New York to New Jersey. Join the two pieces of wood together .
involving two or more people together
joint 2 / d3oint /
a part of your body where two bones fit together and you are able to bend
a place where two parts of something join together
joke 1 © / d3ouk/
[count ]
something that you say or do to make people laugh, for example a funny story that you tell
joke 2© / d3ouk /
to tell funny stories; to say things that are funny but not true
jok • er / d3ouksr /
[count]
a person who likes to tell jokes or play tricks
an extra card which can be used instead of any card in some games
jol • ly / ' d3ali /
happy and full of fun
jolt / d3oult /
to move or to make someone or something move in a sudden rough way
—SYNONYM jerk
►jolt
jot / d3at /
jour•nal aw / ' d3srnl /
[count]
a magazine about one particular thing
a book where you write what you have done each day
—SYNONYM diary
jour • nal • ism / ' d3srnsbizsm /
[noncount]
the work of collecting and reporting news for newspapers, television, etc.
jour • nal • ist / ' d3srnsbist /
a person whose job is to collect and report news for newspapers, television, etc.
jour • ney / ' d3srni /
a long trip from one place to another
Thesaurus
travel the general activity of moving from place to place. With this meaning, travel is a noncount noun. A person's travels are the time he or she spends traveling, especially in foreign countries and for pleasure:
joy / d3oi /
joy • stick / ' d3oistik /
a handle that you move to control something, for example a computer game
Jr.
Ju • da • ism / ' d3udi|izam /
[noncount]
( religion ) the religion of the Jewish people
judge © / d3Ad3 /
the person in a court of law who decides how to punish someone
a person who chooses the winner of a competition
judge 2 © / d3Ad3/ verb
(judg . es , judg . ing , judged )
to have or to form an opinion about someone or something
to decide who or what wins a competition The principal judged the poster competition.
judg • ment ( also judge . ment ) / ' d3Ad3mant /
[ noncount ] your ability to form opinions or make sensible decisions
[ count, noncount ] the decision of a judge in a court of law
ju • di • cial / d3u' dijl /
The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
( sports ) a sport where two people fight and try to throw each other onto the floor
a container with a handle and a small hole at the top, which you use for holding liquids
jug •gle / ' d3Agi /
to keep two or more things in the air by throwing and catching them quickly
to try to do two or more important jobs or activities at the same time
►jug • gler / ' d3Aglar /
juice © / d3us /
The word juice sounds like loose .
the liquid from fruit and vegetables
juic • y / ' d3usi /
juke • box / ' d3ukbaks /
( music ) a machine in a bar or restaurant that plays music when you put money in it
Ju .ly © / d3U 'lai /
the seventh month of the year
jum • ble / ' d3Ambl /
a lot of things that are mixed together in a messy way
jum • bo / ' dзлmbou /
very large
jump © / (1злтр/
to move quickly off the ground, using your legs to push you up
to move quickly
to move suddenly because you are surprised or scared
to increase suddenly by a large amount
jump rope
to jump many times over a rope that is turning, as a game
or as a form of exercise
jump
jump rope / ' 1злш! roup /
jump • y / ' dзлmpi /
nervous or worried
junc • tion / ' d^kjn /
a place where roads or railroad lines meet
June © / d3un /
jun • gle / ' d3^gl /
1 connected with the third year of high school or college
spent my junior year abroad in Paris.
Junior (
having a lower position or less experience in an organization
of or for children below a particular age
— Look
jun • ior 2 / ' dзunyэr /
jun • ior col • lege / |dзunyэr ' kaiid3 /
[ count ]
a college where you can study for two years to get a degree (called an associate's degree ) or prepare for another college or university
jun • ior high school / |dзunyэr hai skui /
( also jun . ior high )
In the U.S., children start elementary school when they are 5.The first year of this is called kindergarten .
When children are around 11 years old, they move to middle school (or junior high school ), and when they reach the age of around 14, they start high school .
Each year of school is called a grade . When a child is around 6 years old they are in first grade , and the last year of high school is the twelfth grade .
junk / d3^k /
[ noncount ]
things that are old or have no use
junk food / ' d3^k fud /
food that is quick and easy to prepare and eat, but that is bad for your health
junk mail / ' d3^k meil /
advertisements that companies send to people who have not asked for them
ju • ry / ' d3uri /
a group of people in a court of law who decide if someone has done something wrong or not
jUSt 1Ф/ d3Ast /
exactly
a very short time before
at this or that moment; now or very soon
a word that makes what you say stronger
only
almost; very nearly
just a minute ; just a moment
used for asking someone to wait for a short time
—ANTONYM unjust
jus • tice / ' d3Astas /
[ noncount ] treatment of people in a fair way
—ANTONYM injustice
[ noncount ] the law the criminal justice system
[ count ] a judge in an important court of law
jus • ti • fi • ca • tion |aWl| / ^Astafa ' keijn /
jus • ti • fy AW Щ / ' d3Astafai /
to give or be a good reason for something
ju • ve • nile / d3uvanail ; d3uvanl /
connected with young people who are not yet adults
►ju • ve • nile
Kk
K, k / kei /
(
the eleventh letter of the English alphabet
kan • ga • roo / |k®gga ' ru /
an Australian animal that jumps on its strong back legs and carries its babies in a pocket on its front
ka • ra • te / ka ' rati /
( sports ) a Japanese sport where people fight with their
hands and feet
kay • ak
/ ' kairek /
- fies
a light narrow boat for one person, which you move through the water using a piece of wood with a flat part at each end (called a paddle )
keen / kin /
very good or strong
wanting to do something
keep © / kip /
to continue to have something
to stay in a particular state or condition
to make someone or something stay in a particular state or condition
to put or store something in a particular place
to continue doing something; to do something many times
to do what you promised or arranged
to stay fresh
keep away from someone or something to not go
near someone or something
keep someone from doing something to stop
someone from doing something
keep going to continue
keep on doing something to continue doing
something; to do something many times
keep out to stay outside
keep someone or something out to stop someone
or something from going in
ken • nel / ' kenl /
a place where dogs can stay while their owners are away
kept
ker • o • sene / ' kerasin /
[noncount]
a type of oil that people burn to produce heat or light ketch • up / ' ket/ap /
a cold sauce made from tomatoes
ket • tle / ' ketl / ( also tea - ket - tle / ' ti|ketl / )
a container with a handle, for boiling waterkey l Ф / ki /
a piece of metal that opens or closes a lock
something that helps you achieve or understand something
one of the parts of a computer, a piano, or other musical instrument that you press with your fingers
( music ) a set of musical notes that is based on one particular note
answers to questions
keys
piano keys key
key
2 / ki /
key something in to put words or numbers into a computer by pressing the keys
key•board
/ ' kibord /
all the keys on a computer or piano
( music ) a musical instrument like a small electrical piano
key • hole / ' kihoul /
a hole in a lock where you put a key
key ring / ' ki rig /
a metal ring that you keep keys on
kg
khak•i
having the pale brown-green or brown-yellow color of a soldier's uniform
khak • i
khak
• is / ' krekiz /
a pair of pants that are a brown-green or light brown color
kick l Ф/ kik /
1 to hit someone or something with your foot
kicked the ball to Chris.
to move your foot or feet up and down quickly
(
kick someone out (
to make someone leave a place
kick 2© / kik /
[count]
a movement with your foot or your leg, usually to hit something with your foot
( informal ) a feeling of excitement He gets a kick out of driving fast cars.
kick • off / ' kikof /
( sports ) the start of a game of football
( informal ) a child How old are your kids? He's a smart kid.
a young goat (= an animal with horns that lives in mountain areas )
kid 2Ф / kid/
to say something that it not true, as a joke
kid • nap / ' kidnap /
( kid . naps , kid . nap . ping , kid napped )
to take someone away and hide them, so that their family or friends will pay money to free them
kid • nap • per / ' kidnrepsr /
kid • nap • ping / ' kidnrepig /
kid • ney / ' kidni /
( biology ) one of the two parts inside your body that take waste liquid from your blood
kill Ф/ kil/
kill • er / ' kilsr /
ki • lo / ' kilou /
kil • o • byte / ' kilsbait /
( computers ) a unit of computer memory, equal to just over a thousand bytes (= small units of information ) — Look
ki I .O . g ram Ф/ 'kibgrsem / ( also ki lo )
a measure of weight. There are 1,000 grams , or around 2.2 pounds , in a kilogram
kil .O .me .ter Ф/ kiiamotor ; ki lom i tor /
a measure of length. There are 1,000 meters , or around 0.62 miles , in a kilometer.
kin / kin /
the people in your family
kind 1 Ф / kamd /
[ count ]
a group of things or people that are the same in some way
—SYNONYM type
kind of
kind 2©/ kaind /
friendly and good to other people
—ANTONYM unkind
kind • ly / ' kaindli /
kin • der • gar • ten / ' kindar|gartn /
[ count, noncount ]
the first year of school for children, which they start when they are around 5 years old
In the U.S., children start elementary school when they are 5. The first year of this is called kindergarten
When children are around 11 years old, they move to middle school (or junior high school ), and when they reach the age of around 14, they start high school .
Each year of school is called a grade . When a child is around 6 years old they are in first grade , and the last year of high school is the twelfth grade .
kind .ness Ф/ 'kamdms/
[ noncount ]
king ©/кщ/ noun
[ count ]
a man from a royal family who rules a country
king • dom / ' kigdam /
a country where a king or queen rules
kiSS Ф/ kis /
to touch someone with your lips to show love or to say hello or goodbye:
kiss noun [count] ( plural kiss .es ) Give me a kiss!
kit / kit /
[count]
a set of equipment or tools that you need for a particular purpose:
a set of small pieces that you put together to make something:
kitch • en / ' kitfan /
a room where you cook food
sieve
ladle whisk
kite / kait /
kit .ten Ф / 'kitn/
a young cat
ki • Wi / ' kiwi /
Kleen • ex™ / ' klineks /
a thin piece of soft paper that you use to clean your nose —SYNONYM tissue
km
knead / nid /
to press and stretch a mixture of flour and water (called
dough ) to make bread
Pronunciation
kitchen utensils
.X
can opener
corkscrew
\
ice-cream scoop
If a word starts with the letters KN , the K is always silent. So the word knead sounds like need , know sounds like no , and knight sounds like night .
knee © / ni /
the part in the middle of your leg where it bends
knee • cap / ' nikrep /
kneel / nil /
to bend your legs and rest on one or both of your knees
knew
knife ©/ naif
/
/ naivz / )
a sharp, metal thing with a handle that you use to cut things or to fight
a soldier of a high level who rode a horse and fought for his king a long time ago
knit / nit /
to make clothes from thick cotton or wool thread (called yarn ) using knitting needles
knit • ting nee • dle / mini nidi /
[count]
one of two metal, plastic, or wooden sticks that you use to knit with
knives
knob / nab /
a round handle on a door or drawer
a round thing that you turn to control part of a machine
кПОСк 1 ©/ nak /
1 to hit something and make a noise
knocked on the door, but no one answered.
to hit something hard, usually by accident
knock someone down ; knock someone over to
hit someone so that they fall onto the ground
knock someone out to make someone fall asleep or become unconscious
knock something over to hit something so that it falls
over
knock 2 © / nak /
[count]
the action of hitting something, or the sound that this makes
knOt 1 © / nat /
a place where you have tied two pieces of rope, string, etc. together
knot 2 / nat /
to tie a knot in something
know © / nou /
(knows, know . ing, knew / nu / has known / noun / ) 1 to have information in your head
don't know her name. He knows a lot about cars.
to be familiar with a person or place
used to agree with something someone has just said
you know
words that you use when you are thinking about what to say next, or to remind someone of something
know-how / ' nou hau / [noncount] (
knowl .edge © / nalid3 /
[ noncount , singular ]
what you know and understand about something
knowl • edge • a • ble / ' nalIdзэbl /
knowing a lot
known
knuck • le / ' rnvkl /
[count]
one of the parts where your fingers bend or where they join your hand
ko • a • la / kou ' ala / ( also ko - a - la bear
/ kou|ala ' ber / )
the Ко .ran ( also the Qu r'an , the Qu - ran )
/ 6a ka 'rren ; 6a ka 'ran /
ko • sher / ' kou/ar /
(used about food) prepared according to the rules of Jewish law
kung fu / |kAg ' fu /
( sports ) a Chinese style of fighting in which people use their hands and feet as weapons
Ll
L, l / el /
(
l abbreviation of liter
lab / lreb /
la • bel 1 AWL / ' leibl/
a piece of paper or material on something that tells you about it
la • bel 2 AWL / ' leibl /
la • bor aw щ / ' leibar /
hard work that you do with your hands and body
lab • o • ra • to • ry / ' lrebratori /
a special room where scientists work
La • bor Day / ' leibar dei /
[ count, noncount ]
a holiday on the first Monday in September, when banks, schools, and many businesses are closed
la • bor • er / leibarar /
a person who does hard work with their hands and body
la • bor un • ion / ' leibar |yunyan /
an organization for people who do the same type of work. Labor unions try to get better pay and working conditions for their members.
—SYNONYM union lace / leis /
[ noncount ] very thin cloth with holes that form a pretty pattern
[ count ] a string that you use for tying your shoe
—SYNONYM shoelace
lack l Ф / lsek /
lack 2 / lrek /
to have none or not enough of something
lad .der / 'laedar/
[count]
a thing that you climb up when you want to reach a high place. A ladder is made of two tall pieces of metal or wood with shorter pieces between them (called rungs ).
ladies' room / ' leidizrum /
a room in a public building that has toilets for women to use
la • dle / ' leidl/
a spoon in the shape of a cup with a long handle, used for serving soup
la .dy Ф / ' leidi /
a polite way of saying "woman"
(
la • dy • bug / ' leidibAg /
a small red or orange insect with black spots
laid
laid-back / | leid brek /
calm and relaxed; not worried
lain
lake / ьк-/
( geography ) a big area of water with land all around it
Pronunciation
The word lamb sounds like ham , because we don't say the letter b in this word.
[ count ] a young sheep
[ noncount ] meat from a lamb We had roast lamb for dinner.
( health ) not able to walk well
(
lamp
light bulb
l_ lampshade
lamp Ф/ lsemp /
lamp • shade / ' lrempjeid /
a cover for a lamp
land 1 Ф / lsend /
[ noncount ] the part of the earth that is not the ocean After two weeks in a boat, we were happy to be back on land .
[ noncount ] a piece of ground
[count] (
land 2© / lsend /
to come down from the air or to bring something down to the ground
to go onto land or to put something onto land from a ship
land • fill / ' lrendfil /
a place where large amounts of garbage and other waste material are put into the ground and covered with earth
land • ing / ' lrendig /
coming down onto the ground in an airplane The plane made an emergency landing in a field.
—ANTONYM takeoff
the area at the top of stairs in a building
land • la • dy / ' lrend|leidi /
a woman who rents a house or room to people for money land • lord / ' lrendlord /
a man who rents a house or room to people for money
land • mark / ' lrendmark /
a big building or another thing that you can see easily from far away
an important stage in the development of something The Fourth of July celebrates an important landmark in American history.
land • scape / lrenskeip /
[count]
everything you can see in an area of land
land • slide / ' lrendslaid /
( geography ) a sudden fall of earth, rocks, etc. down the side of a mountain
lane / lein /
one part of a wide road
lane one part of a larger road, marked with painted lines to keep lines of traffic separate:
( sports ) a section of a swimming pool or sports track for one person to go along
a word used in the names of some streets in towns or cities
The short way of writing "Lane" in street names is Ln.
Ian .guage © / ъевд™
( english language arts )
[ count ] words that people from a particular country say and write
[ noncount ] words that people use to speak and write This word is not often used in spoken language.
lan • tern / ' lrentarn /
a light in a container made of glass or paper, which usually has a handle so you can carry it
lap / lffip /
the flat part at the top of your legs when you are sitting
one trip around a track in a race
lap • top / ' lreptap /
( computers ) a small computer that is easy to carry
large © / lard3 /
big
—ANTONYM small
large • ly / ' lard3li /
mostly
lar • va / ' larva /
( biology ) an insect at the stage when it has just come out of an egg, and has a short fat body and no legs
la • ser / ' leizar /
( physics ) an instrument that makes a very strong line of light (called a laser beam ). Some lasers are used to cut metal and others are used by doctors in operations.
lash / 1®г /
= eyelash
las • so / ' lresou /
a long rope with a circle at one end, which is used for catching cows and horses
las • so
(las•sos or las•soes , las•so • ing , las•soed )
to catch an animal with a lasso
last 1 © / lsest /
after all the others
—ANTONYM first
just before now; most recent
the last person or thing is the only one left
last • ly / ' lrestli /
last 2 © / lsest /
after all the others
at a time that is nearest to now
last 3 © / lsest /
to continue for a time
to be enough for a certain time
last 4 © / lsest /
a person or thing that comes after all the others; what comes at the end
in the end; after some time
last • ing / ' lrestig /
continuing for a long time
last-min • ute / |test ' minat /
done or decided just before something happens or just before it is too late
last name / ' i®st |neim /
the part of your name that other members of your family also have
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
late© / leit /
1 after the usual or right time
was late for school today (= I arrived late ) . My train was late.
—ANTONYM early
near the end of a time
no longer alive; dead
an evening when you go to bed later than usual
at the latest
no later than a time or a date
late • ly / ' leitli /
lat .er 1 Ф / 'leiter/
at a time in the future; after the time you are talking about
at a time in the future; after the time you are talking about
coming after something else or at a time in the future
near the end of a period of time
—ANTONYM earlier
the newest or most recent
Lat • in / ' lretn /
( english language arts ) the language that people used a long time ago in ancient Rome
Lat • in adjective
La • tin A • mer • i • ca / ,l®tn s ' meriks /
[noncount]
the parts of the American continent where Spanish or Portuguese is the main language
La • tin A • mer • i • can / ,lretn s ' meriksn /
lat • i • tude / ' lretitud /
( geography ) the distance of a place north or south of the line around the middle of the earth (called the equator ). Latitude is measured in degrees.
Look at longitude . , —Look at the picture at earth . lat • te / ' latei / noun [ count ]
a drink that is made by adding a small amount of strong coffee to a cup of hot milk
the lat • ter / 6s ' lretsr /
the second of two things or people
laugh 1Ф / lsef/
to make sounds to show that you are happy or that you
think something is funny
laugh at someone or something to laugh to show that you think someone or something is funny or silly
laugh 2 / lref /
the sound you make when you are happy or when you think something is funny
for a laugh
as a joke; for fun
laugh • ter / ' lreftsr /
launch / lontf /
to start something new
to put a ship into the water or a spacecraft (= a vehicle that travels in space ) into the sky
Laun • dro • mat™ ( also laun . dro . mat )
/ ' londrsmret /
a place where you pay to wash and dry your clothes in machines
laun .dry Ф / 'londri/
clothes and sheets that you must wash or that you have washed
la • va / ' lavs /
( geography ) hot, liquid rock that comes out of a mountain with an opening at the top (called a volcano )
lav • a • to • ry / ' lrevstori /
a room with a toilet in a public place like an airplane
lav • en • der / ' lrevsndsr /
a plant with purple flowers that have a nice smell law Ф / lo /
[ count ] a rule of a country that says what people may or may not do
the law [ noncou nt ] all the rules of a country
[ noncount ] the rules of a country as a subject of study
lawn / lon /
an area of short grass next to or around a building
lawn .mow .er lawnmower
/ loll, 111000r /
grass \ &
law • suit / ' losut / ( also suit )
[ count ]
a legal argument that a person or group brings to a court of law so that it can be decided who is right and who is wrong
law .yer Ф / 1 loysr /
[ count ]
a person who has studied law and who helps people or talks for them in a court of law
lay 1 Ф / lei /
( lays , lay - ing , laid / leid / has laid )
1 to put someone or something carefully on another thing
laid the papers on the desk. Which word?
Lay or lie?
to make an egg
lay someone off to stop giving work to someone, especially because there is not enough work to do
lay 2
lay • er Ф AWL / ' leiar/
[count ]
something flat that lies on another thing or that is between other things
la . Zy Ф / leizi/
A person who is lazy does not want to work
making you feel that you do not want to do very much
► la • zi • ness / ' leizinas /
lead 1Ф / iid / verb
( leads , lead - ing , led / led / has led ) Pronunciation
The word lead usually sounds like need .
However, when it means a soft gray metal or the part
inside a pencil, it sounds like red .
to take a person or an animal somewhere by going with them or in front of them
to go to a place
to make something happen Smoking can lead to heart disease.
to have a particular type of life
to be the first or the best, for example in a race or game
to control a group of people Who will lead the discussion?
lead 2 / iid /
the lead [ singular ] the first place or position in front of other people
[ singular ] the amount by which someone is in front of another person
[ count ] a piece of information that may help give the answer to a problem
[ noncount ] (
[ count, noncount ] the gray part inside a pencil
lead .er Ф /iidor /
a person who controls a group of people
a person or thing that is the first or the best
lead • er • ship / ' lidarjip /
the state or position of being the person who controls a group of people
best or most important
leaf Ф / lif /
leaf • let / ' lifiat /
a piece of paper with writing on it that gives information about something
league / iig /
( sports ) a group of teams that play against each other in a sport
a group of people or countries that work together to do something
leak 1 / lik /
to have a hole that liquid or gas can go through
(used about liquid or gas) to go out through a hole
leak 2 / lik /
a small hole that liquid or gas can get through
► leak • y / ' liki /
lean 1 sP / lin/
to not be straight; to bend forward, backward, or to the side
to put your body or a thing against another thing
lean 2 / lin /
thin and healthy He is tall and lean. Thesaurus
slim is a positive word, meaning thin in an attractive way. It is often used to describe women:
skinny is a more informal word meaning very thin. It can be used with a negative meaning to describe someone who is too thin:
—ANTONYM overweight
Lean meat does not have very much fat.
leap / lip /
to jump high or a long way
leap year / ' iip yir /
a year when February has 29 days. Leap years happen every four years.
learn О / 1эгп /
Pronunciation
The word learn sounds like turn .
1 to find out something, or how to do something, by studying or by doing it often
learned German at school.
to hear about something
learn • ing / ' brnig /
learn • er / ' 1эгпэг /
a person who is learning
lease / lis /
an official written agreement between the owner of a building or land and the person who rents it
lease
leash / lij /
a long piece of leather or a chain that you attach to a dog's neck so that it walks with you
the smallest amount of something
—ANTONYM most
less than all others
—ANTONYM most at least
not less than
although other things are bad We're not rich, but at least we're happy. not in the least
not at all
leath .er © / 'ьъг/
the skin of an animal that is used to make things like shoes, jackets, or bags
leave 1© / liv /
( leaves , leav . ing , left / left / has left )
to go away from a place or a person
to let someone or something stay in the same place or in the same way
to forget to bring something with you
to make something stay; to not use something
to give something to someone when you die
to give the responsibility for something to another person
be left
to still be there after everything else has gone
leave someone or something out to not put in or do
leave 2 / liv /
[noncount]
a period of time when you are away from work for a special reason
leaves
lec • ture aw Ц / ' lektjbr /
a talk to a group of people to teach them about something She gave an interesting lecture on the history of science.
a serious talk to someone that explains what they have done wrong or how they should behave
► lec • ture
(lec • tures , lec • tur• ing , lec • tured )
lec • tur • er AWL / ' lektjarar /
a person who gives talks to teach people about a subject, especially as a job in a college
led
ledge / Ы3 /
a long, narrow, flat place, for example under a window or on the side of a mountain
leek / lik /
a vegetable like a long onion that is white at one end and green at the other
left 1
—ANTONYM right
left зФ / left /
the left side or direction
—ANTONYM right
the left ( politics ) political groups who support changes in society to make people more equal
—ANTONYM the right
left-hand / ' left hrend /
of or on the left
using your left hand more easily than your right hand, for example when you write
—ANTONYM right-handed
left • o • vers / ' left|ouvarz /
food that has not been eaten at the end of a meal and is kept to be eaten later
left -Wing / |left ' wig /
—ANTONYM right-wing
leg Ф / leg /
1 one of the long parts of the body of a person or an animal
that is used for walking and standing
I heel
one of the parts of a pair of pants that covers your leg
one of the long parts that a table or chair stands on
leg • a • cy / ' legasi /
a situation that exists because of something that happened in the past
using or connected with the law
allowed by the law
le • gal • ly AWL / ' ligali / adverb They are not legally married.
le • gal • ize / ' ligalaiz /
to make something allowed by law
leg • end / ' led3and /
an old story that is perhaps not true
a very famous person
leg • en • dar • y / ' led3anderi /
leg • i • ble / ' led3abl /
clear enough to read
—ANTONYM illegible
leg • is • late AWL / ' led3asleit /
leg • is • la • tion AWB / ^as' leijn /
[ noncount ]
leg • is • la • tive aw / ' led3asleitiv /
( politics ) connected with the act of making laws
leg
Word building
The U.S. Government
The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
leg • is • la • ture AWl| / ' led3ssleitjsr /
[ count ]
( politics ) a group of people who have the power to make
and change laws
le • git • i • mate / li ' d3itsmst /
reasonable or acceptable
allowed by law
lei • sure / ' li3sr /
the time when you are not working and can do what you
want
lei • sure • ly / ' li3srli /
done in a slow and calm way
lem .ОП © / lemsn /
a yellow fruit with sour (= sharp tasting ) juice that is used for giving flavor to food and drink
lem • on • ade / ,lems ' neid /
[ count, noncount ]
a drink that is made from fresh lemon juice, sugar, and water
lend Ф / lend /
to give something to someone for a short time
Which word?
Borrow or lend?
If you borrow something, you have it for a short time and you must give it back:
If you lend something, you give it to someone for a short time:
length © / lege /
length • en / ' legesn /
( length . ens , length . en . ing , length ened )
to become or to make something longer
length • wise / ' legewaiz /
in a direction along the length of something
length • y / legei /
le • ni • ent / linisnt /
If a punishment, or the person who gives the punishment,
is lenient , it is not as strict as you expected
lens / lenz /
( physics ) a special piece of glass in things like cameras or glasses. It makes things look bigger, smaller, or clearer when you look through it.
— Look
lent
len • til / ' lentl/
a small, round, dried seed. You cook lentils in water before you eat them
leop • ard / ' lepsrd /
a wild animal like a big cat with yellow fur and dark spots. Leopards live in Africa and southern Asia.
le • o • tard / ' listard /
a piece of clothing that fits the body tightly from the neck to the tops of the legs. Leotards are worn by dancers or by women in some sports.
les • bi • an / ' lezbisn /
a woman who is attracted to other women ► les • bi • an
—ANTONYM more ,
leSS 2 © / les/
not so much
—ANTONYM more ,
Suffix
-less
( in adjectives ) not having something; without
less • en / ' lesn /
to become or to make something less
leS . SOn © / 'lesn /
let© / let /
to allow someone or something to do something Her parents won't let her stay out after 11 o'clock. Let me carry your bag.
Allow is used in both formal and informal English. Let is very common in spoken English. You allow someone to do something, but you let someone do something (without "to"):
let's used for making suggestions about what you and other people can do
let someone down to not do something that you promised to do for someone
let go of someone or something ; let someone or something go
to stop holding someone or something
let someone know
to tell someone something
let someone off to not punish someone
Something that is lethal can cause a lot of damage or death
let .ter © / irtor /
a piece of writing that one person sends to another person
( english language arts ) a sign in writing that represents a sound in a language
let•tuce / ' letas /
a plant with big green leaves that you eat cold in salads — Look
leu • ke • mi • a / lu ' kimia /
( health ) a very serious disease of the blood
lev • ee / ' levi /
( geography ) a low wall built at the side of a river to prevent a flood
leV .el 1© / 'levl/
the amount, size, or number of something
how high something is
with no part higher than another part We need level ground to play soccer on.
at the same height, standard, or position The two teams are level with 40 points each. His head is level with his mother's shoulder.
lev • er / ' levar ; ' livar /
a handle that you pull or push to make a machine work
a bar for lifting something heavy or opening something. You put one end under the thing you want to lift or open, and push the other end.
li • a • ble / ' laiabl /
responsible for paying the cost of something
be liable to do something
to be likely to do something
a person who says or writes things that are not true (called lies )
li • bel / ' laibl /
the act of printing something about someone that is not true and would give people a bad opinion of him or her
lib • er • al aw / ' libaral /
A person who is liberal lets other people do and think what they want
( politics ) supporting political and social changes to make people more equal
—ANTONYM conservative
lib • er • al arts / |libaral 'arts /
subjects that develop your general knowledge and ability to think, for example history, languages, and literature
lib • er • ate awl] / ' libareit /
to make someone or something free
lib • er • ty / ' libarti /
being free to go where you want and do what you want
li • brar • i • an / lai 'Ьгсйэп /
a person who works in a library
И . brar .у ©/ 'laibreri /
a room or building where you go to borrow or read books
lice
li • cense 1 AWL / ' laisns /
an official piece of paper that shows you are allowed to do
or have something
—Look
li • cense 2
( li . cens es , li
to give someone official permission to do or have something
li .cense plate
/ laisns pleit
lick / lik /
lic • o • rice / 'l^nf/
a type of black candy with a strong flavor lid © / lid /
the top part of a box, pot, or other container, which covers it and which you can take off
lie ©/ lai /
/ lein / )
to put your body flat on something so that you are not sitting or standing
to have your body flat on something
to be or stay in a position or state The hills lie to the north of the town.
lie down to put or have your body flat so that you can rest
lie 2 Ф / lai /
AWL
/ laisns /
Me 3© / lai /
lieu • ten • ant / lu' te^nl / (
an officer at a middle level in the army or navy
life © laif /
[ noncount ] People, animals, and plants have life while they are alive, but things like stone, metal, and water do not
[ count, noncount ] being alive
[ count, noncount ] the time that someone is alive
[ count, noncount ] the way that you live or the experiences that you have when you are alive
[ noncount ] energy; being busy and interested
life • boat / laifbout /
a boat that goes to help people who are in danger in the
ocean
life cycle / ' laif isaikl /
( biology ) the stages of development that a plant or an animal goes through from the beginning of its life to the end
life • guard / ' laifgard /
a person at a beach or a swimming pool whose job is to help people who are in danger in the water
life jack .et / 'lmf^sebt/
( also life vest / laif vest / )
a special jacket with no sleeves that can be filled with air. You wear it to help you float if you fall in the water.
life • like / ' laiflaik /
looking like the real person or thing
life • style / ' laifstail /
life • time / ' laiftaim/
all the time that you are alive
lift 1© / lift /
1 to move someone or something to a higher position
can't lift this box. It's too heavy. Lift your arm up .
to end or remove a rule or law
to go up and disappear into the air
lift 2 / lift /
[ singular ] a feeling of happiness or excitement
[ count ] a free trip in another person's car
lift • off / ' liftof /
the moment when a spacecraft (= a vehicle that can travel into space ) leaves the ground
light 1 © / la it /
[ count, noncount ] the energy from the sun, a lamp, etc. that allows us to see things
[ count ] a thing that gives light, for example an electric lamp
Word building
A light can be on or off .
[ count ] something, for example a match, that you use to start a fire or start a cigarette burning
light 2© / lait /
full of natural light
—ANTONYM dark
with a pale color
—ANTONYM dark
easy to lift or move
not very much or not very strong
light 3© / lait /
to make something start to burn
to give light to something
light bulb / ' lait Ьл1Ь /
the glass part of an electric lamp that gives light
light • en / ' laitn /
to become lighter, or to make something lighter in color or weight
lighten up (
to become happier or less worried about something
light • er / ' laitar /
a thing for lighting cigarettes
light • house / ' laithaus /
a tall building by or in the ocean, with a strong light to show ships that there are rocks
light • ing / ' laitig /
the kind of lights that a place has
light • ning / laitnig /
light year / ' lait yir /
lik • a • ble ( also like • a • ble ) / ' laikabl /
If a person is likable , they are friendly and easy to like.
like 1© /1шк/
1 to feel that someone or something is good, nice, or attractive; to enjoy something
like playing tennis.
—ANTONYM dislike
to want
if you like
used to agree with someone or to suggest something
Would like
the same as someone or something She is wearing a dress like mine. John looks like his father.
showing what is typical or usual for someone
in the same way as someone or something
4 for example
words that you say when you want to know more about someone or something
like • a • ble / ' laiksbl /
= likable
like • li • hood / ' laiklihud /
the chance of something happening
like .ly О / 1 laikli/
—ANTONYM unlikely
like • ness / ' laiknss /
being or looking the same
like • wise AWL / ' laikwaiz /
the same
lik • ing / ' laikig /
the feeling that you like someone or something
lil • y / ' lili /
limb / lim /
an arm or a leg
lime / laim /
Mm .it lO / 'limst /
the most that is possible or allowed
the end or edge of something They live within the city limits . off-limits
Mm .it 2
► lim • it • ed / ' limstsd /
small in number or amount
limousine
lim • ou • sine
/ ' limszin ; ,lims ' zin / ( also
a long, expensive, and comfortable car
not firm or strong
limp 2 / limp /
to walk with difficulty because you have hurt your foot or leg
limp
line 1 © / lain/
a long thin mark on the surface of something
people or things beside each other or one after the other There was a long line of people waiting at the post office.
all the words that are beside each other on a page
a long piece of string or rope Hang the clothes on the line to dry.
a very long wire for telephones or electricity The strong winds blew down many power lines. I tried to call him, but the line was busy.
a route that people or goods move along
curved
dotted
vertical
diagonal
lines
straight
wavy
zigzag
parallel lines
horizontal
line 2 / lain /
to cover the inside of something with a different material
to stand or be in lines along something
lin • en / ' linin /
a kind of strong cloth
the sheets, etc. that you put on a bed, or the cloth that you put on a table
lin • er / lainsr /
a big ship that carries people a long way
a bag that you put inside something to keep it clean
lin • ger / liggar /
to stay somewhere for a long time
lin • ge • rie / |lan3a 'rei /
women's underwear
lin • guis • tics / lig 'gwistiks /
lin • ing / ' lainig /
something that joins things or people together There's a link between smoking and heart disease.
( computers ) a place where one electronic document on the Internet is connected to another one
one of the round parts in a chain
link 2 aw Ц / ligk /
to join one person or thing to another
li • on / ' laian/
a large animal of the cat family that lives in parts of Africa and Asia. Lions have yellow fur, and the males have a lot of hair around their head and neck (called a mane ). Word building A female lion is called a lioness , and a young lion is called a cub . When a lion makes a loud noise, it roars .
lion
mane
I i p Ф/ hp /
one of the two soft red parts above and below your mouth
lip • stick / ' lipstik /
a substance that is used for giving color to your lips
liq . uid ©/ 'likwsd /
liq • uid
liq • uor / ' likar /
strong alcoholic drinks
list l © / list/
a lot of names or other things that you write or say, one after another
list 2© / list/
to write or say things in a list
lis .ten Ф/ 'lisn/
When you listen to something, you are trying to hear it:
words that you use when you want a group of people to give you their attention
lis • ten • er / ' lisn^ar /
lit
li .ter О / ' litar /
lit • er • al / ' litaral /
(used about the meaning of a word or phrase) original or basic
lit • er • al • ly / ' litarali /
lit • er • ar • y / ' litareri /
( english language arts ) connected with literature
lit • er • ate / ' litarat /
lit • er • a • cy / ' litarasi /
—ANTONYM illiteracy
lit .er .a .ture ©/ iitorotjor /
lith • i • um / ' ЬШэш/
( chemistry ) a soft, very light, sliver-white metal that is used in batteries (= things that give electricity )
lit • ter 1 / ' liter /
[ noncount ] pieces of paper and other garbage that people leave in a public place
[ count ] all the baby animals that are born to the same mother at the same time
lit • ter 2 / ' liter /
to be or to make something messy with litter 1 ( 1 )
lit .tie 1 Ф / litl/
not big
—SYNONYM small
(used about distance or time) short Do you mind waiting a little while ?
young
not much
slowly
lit • tle 3 / ' litl /
—SYNONYM a little bit
live 1® / liv/
to have your home somewhere
to be or stay alive
to spend your life in a particular way
to eat something as your only food
to have enough money to buy what you need to live
Pronunciation
When the word live is a verb, it sounds like give . When the word live is an adjective, it sounds like five .
not dead
If a radio or television program is live , you see or hear it at the same time as it happens
performed when people are watching, not recorded
( physics ) with electricity passing through it
live • ly / ' laivli /
full of life; always moving or doing things
liv • er / ' 1гуэг /
( biology ) [ count ] the part inside your body that cleans the blood
[ noncount ] the liver of an animal that you can cook and eat as food
live • stock / laivstak /
liv • ing 1 / ' livig /
alive; not dead
liv • ing 2 / ' livig /
[ count , usually singular ] money to buy the things you need in life
[ noncount ] the way that you live
liv • ing room / ' livig rum /
a room in a house where people sit together and watch television or talk, for example
liz .ard / 'brad /
a small animal that has four legs, a long tail, and rough skin
load 1Ф / loud / noun
[ count ] something that is carried The truck brought another load of wood.
loads [ plural ] ( informal )
a lot
load 2 ©/ loud /
to put things in or on something, for example a car or a ship
—ANTONYM unload
( computers ) to put a program into a computer
to put bullets in a gun or film in a cameraloaf / louf /
loan l ©/ loun/
loan 2 / loun / verb ( loans , loan • ing , loaned )
to give something to someone for a period of time
—SYNONYM lend
loathe / loud /
to hate someone or something very much
—ANTONYM love
Thesaurus
hate to have a strong feeling of not liking someone or something. This word is often used in informal English to talk about people or things that you really do not like:
dislike a slightly formal way of saying that you do not like someone or something, but not in a strong way. It is more usual to say "don't like":
loaves
lob • by 1 / ' labi /
an area just inside a big building, where people can meet and wait
( politics ) a group of people who try to persuade the government to do something
lob • by 2 / ' labi /
( politics ) to try to persuade the government to do or not do something
► lob • by • ist / ' labiist /
lob • ster / ' labstar /
a large animal with a hard shell and eight legs, which lives in the ocean. Its shell is black but it turns red when it is cooked.
lO Cal v 'loukl /
of a place near you
lo • cal • ly / ' loukali / adverb Do you work locally?
lo • cate aw / ' loukeit /
( lo • cates , lo cat • ing , lo • cat ed )
lo • cat • ed AWB / ' loukeitad /
lo • ca • tion AWL / lou 'keijn /
a place
lock l © / lak /
to close something with a key
—ANTONYM unlock
lock something away to put something in a place that you close with a key
lock someone in to lock a door so that someone cannot
get out
lock someone out to lock a door so that someone cannot get in
lock up to lock all the doors and windows of a building
lOCk 2 / lak /
a metal thing that keeps a door, gate, or box closed so that you need a key to open it again
lock • er / ' lakar /
a small cabinet with a lock for keeping things in, for example in a school or a sports center
lock • er room / ' lakar rum /
( sports ) a room with lockers in it where people can
change their clothes
lodge 1 / lad3/
( lodg • es , lodg • ing , lodged )
to become stuck somewhere, or to make something do this
lodge 2 / lad3 /
a small house in the country where people stay when they want to do outdoor activities
lodg • ing / ' lad3ig /
a place where you can stay
loft / loft /
the room or space directly under the roof of a house
log 1 / log ; lag /
a thick, round piece of wood from a tree
an official written record of something
log 2 / log ; lag /
to keep an official record of things that happen
—SYNONYM record
log in ; log on to type your name, etc. so that you can
start using a computer
log off ; log out to stop using a computer
log • ging / ' logig ; ' lagig /
log • ic AWL / ' lad3ik /
a sensible reason or way of thinking
log • i • cal aw / ' lad3ikl / v
—ANTONYM illogical
log • i • cal • ly AWL| / lad3ikli / adverb to think about things logically
lo • go / ' lougou /
( business ) a picture or a design that a company or an
organization uses as its special sign
lol • li • pop / ' lalipap /
a big piece of hard candy on a stick
lone . ly Ф / 'lounli /
unhappy because you are not with other people
— Look
far from other places
lone • li • ness / ' lounlinss /
lone • some / ' lounssm /
unhappy because you are alone
long i© / log /
far from one end to the other Which is the longest river in the world? She has long black hair.
—ANTONYM short Grammar
We usually use far only in questions and negative sentences, and after too and so :
You use long to ask or talk about how far something is from one end to the other
continuing for a lot of time
4 You use long to ask or talk about the time from the beginning to the end of something
long 2 Ф / log /
( long . er / ' loggsr / long . est / ' loggsst / ) for a lot of time
as long as ; so long as
only if
for long
for a lot of time
goodbye
long 3 / log /
to want something very much, especially if this does not seem likely
long-dis • tance / ,log ' distsns /
traveling or communicating between places that are far from each other
long-haul / ,log ' hol /
connected with carrying people or things over long distances
long • ing / ' logig /
a strong feeling of wanting something
—SYNONYM desire
lon • gi • tude / land3stud /
( geography ) the distance of a place east or west of a line from the North Pole to the South Pole that passes through Greenwich, England. Longitude is measured in degrees.
long jump / ' log d3Amp /
( sports ) a sport where you try to jump as far as you can
long-term / ,log ' tsrm /
of or for a long period of time
—ANTONYM short-term
look 1 Ф / luk /
to turn your eyes toward someone or something and try to see them
to seem to be; to appear
3 You say look to make someone listen to you
look for someone or something to try to find
look forward to something to wait for something with pleasure
look into something to study or try to find out
something
to seem to be something That looks like a good book.
words that you use to ask about someone's appearance " What does he look like ?" "He's tall with dark hair."
to have the same appearance as someone or something
look out! be careful
look out for someone or something to pay
attention and try to see or find someone or something
look something up to try to find information in a book
look up to someone to respect and admire someone
Thesaurus
see to watch a movie, a television program, a game, a performance, etc. With this meaning, see is not used with the
lOOk 2 Ф / Ink /
[ count ] turning your eyes toward someone or something; looking
[ count , usually singular ] trying to find someone or something
[ count ] the expression on someone's face
ooks [ plural ] a person's appearance He has his father's good looks.
look • out / ' lukaut /
be on the lookout for someone or something
to pay attention in order to see, find, or avoid someone or something
loom / lum /
[count]
a machine that is used for making cloth by passing pieces of thread across and under other pieces loop / lup /
loop • hole / ' luphoul/
a way of avoiding something because the words of a rule or law are not clear or wrong
loose О / ius /
Spelling
Remember! Don't confuse loose with lose , which is a verb:
not tied or fixed
not fitting close against your body
—ANTONYM tight
► loose • ly / ' lusli /
loos • en / ' lusn /
to become looser or to make something looser
—ANTONYM tighten lord / lord /
the Lord [ singular ] ( religion ) God or Jesus Christ
[ count ] (in some countries) a man who has a high position in society
lOSe Ф /1 uz/
1 to not be able to find something
can't open the door because I lost my key.
to not have someone or something that you had before
to have less of something
( sports ) to not win Our team lost the game.
los • er / ' luzar /
( sports ) a person who does not win a game, race, or competition
—ANTONYM winner
(
loss О / los /
[ count, noncount ] losing something
[ count ] ( business ) how much money a business loses The company announced a loss of $5 million.
—ANTONYM profit
at a loss
If you are at a loss , you do not know what to do or say.
lost 1
lOSt 2 Ф / lost /
1 If you are lost , you do not know where you are
took a wrong turn, and now I'm lost. Take this map so you don't get lost !
If something is lost , you cannot find it.
lost-and-found / |lost эп ' faund / [ singular ]
a special area where lost things are kept for the owners to collect
lot / lat /
a large number or amount of things or people
lot 2 © / lat /
very much or often
lot 3 / lat /
an area of land that is used for a particular purpose
lot • ter • y / ' latari /
a game where you buy a ticket with numbers on it. You win money if your numbers are chosen.
loud © / laud /
making a lot of noise
loud • speak • er / ' laud|Spikэr /
a piece of equipment that makes sounds or voices louder
lounge / laund3 /
a comfortable room in an office, hotel, or other public place
where you can sit and relax
louse / laus /
lous • y / ' lauzi /
very bad
lov • a • ble / ' lMdbl /
love 1© /1лу/
[ noncount ] the strong, warm feeling you have when you like someone or something very much
[ count ] a person, a thing, or an activity that you love
[ noncount ] ( sports ) a word in the game of tennis that means zero
be in love
to love someone
fall in love
to begin to love someone
a way of ending a letter to someone that you know well
love 2 © / Lvv/
1 to have a very strong, warm feeling for someone
love him very much. She loves her parents.
—ANTONYM hate
to like something very much
love af • fair / ' ivv э^г /
a romantic or sexual relationship between two people who love each other but who are not married
love • ly / ' lvvli /
lov • er / ' Lv^r /
If two people are lovers , they have a sexual relationship but they are not married.
a person who likes something very much
feeling or showing love
The word low sounds like go .
near the ground
less than usual
deep or quiet
low adverb
that is under something or at the bottom of something
low • er 2 / ' lousr /
to move someone or something down They lowered the boat into the water.
to make something less
low • er • case / lousr' keis / ( also low . er case )
( english language arts ) the small form of letters, for example a, b, c (not A, B, C)
—ANTONYM uppercase loy • al / ' loisl /
A person who is loyal does not change their friends or beliefs
loy • al • ty / ' loislti /
good things that happen to you that you cannot control
things that happen to you that you cannot control; chance
words that you say to someone when you are sorry that they did not have good luck
be in luck
words that you say to someone when you hope that they will do well
1 having good luck
2 bringing success or good luck
—ANTONYM unlucky
► luck • i • ly / ' kksli /
lug • gage / ' L\gid3 /
bags that you take with you when you travel
—SYNONYM baggage
Grammar
Luggage is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "a luggage" or "luggages."
luke • warm / ,luk' worm /
If a liquid is lukewarm , it is only slightly warm
lull • a • by / ' Lvlsbai/
( music ) a gentle song that you sing to help a child go to sleep
lum • ber / ' kmbsr /
wood that is used for building
lum • ber • jack / ' L\mbsrd3®k /
a person whose job is to cut down trees to use for wood
lump Ф / kmp /
1 a hard piece of something
piece an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the rest of it. This is a very general word and can be used with most noncount nouns:
lump a piece of something hard or solid, especially one without any particular shape:
2 ( health ) a part in or on your body that has become hard and bigger
lump • y / ' kmpi /
full of or covered with lumps
connected with the moon
lu • na • tic / ' lunatik /
a person who does stupid and often dangerous things
lunch © / kntf /
lunch • time / ' kntftaim / [ count, noncount ] the time when you eat lunch
lung / kg /
( biology ) one of the two parts inside your body that you use for breathing
lunge / bndj /
to move forward suddenly, especially in order to attack
someone or take something
► lunge
lurk / lark /
to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do something bad
lux • u • ri • ous / kg ' 3urias /
very comfortable and expensive
lux • u • ry / ' kkfari /
[ noncount ] a way of living when you have all the expensive and beautiful things you want
[ count ] something very nice and expensive that you do not really need
-ly
( in adverbs ) in a particular way
ly • ing
lyr • ics / ' liriks /
( music ) the words of a song
Mm
M, m / em /
(
m abbreviation of meter
M.A. / |em ' ei /
a second university degree that you receive when you complete a program of study at a university in an arts subject (= a subject that is not a science subject ) . M.A. is short for "Master of Arts"
ma'am / mrem /
a polite way of speaking to a woman, instead of using her name
ma • ca • ro • ni / |Штекэ ' rouni
[noncount]
a type of pasta (= Italian food made from flour and water )
in the shape of short tubes
ma .chine ® / ma 'Jin /
a thing with moving parts that is made to do a job. Machines often use electricity
ma • chine gun / ma 'Jin gлn/
a gun that sends out a lot of bullets very quickly
ma • chin • er • y / ma 'Jinari /
machines in general, especially large ones; the moving parts of a machine
A man who is macho behaves in a strong and brave way, instead of showing that he is caring and sensitive.
mad / mred /
1 (
Thesaurus
mad
very angry. This word cannot come before a noun with this meaning:
—SYNONYM crazy
be mad about someone or something
like mad (
mad • am / ' шж!эш /
( formal ) a polite way of speaking to a woman "Can I help you, madam?" asked the salesclerk.
Madam ( English language arts ) a word that you use at the beginning of a formal letter to a woman
made
mad • ly / ' mredli /
in a wild way
(
mad • ness / ' mredms /
being sick in your mind; mental illness
stupid behavior that could be dangerous
mag .a .zine Ф / ' mжgэzin ; |mжgэ ' zin /
[count]
a kind of thin book with a paper cover that you can buy every week or every month. It has a lot of different stories and pictures inside.
mag . ic Ф / 'тжс^к/
a special power that can make strange or impossible things happen
tricks that someone can do to entertain people ► mag • ic
mag • i • cal / ' m®d3ikl /
ma • gi • cian / шэ ' d3ijn /
a person who does tricks to entertain people
a man in stories who has strange, unusual powers
mag • is • trate / ' mжdзэstreIt /
a judge in a court of law who decides how to punish people for small crimes
mag • ne • si • um / шжд ^!эш /
[ noncount ] (
( chemistry ) a metal that is silver in color and burns with a bright white light
mag • net / ' mregmt /
[count]
( physics ) a piece of metal that can make other metal things move toward it
mag • net • ic / шжд' netik /
( physics ) having the ability to attract metal objects
mag • net • ism / ' mжgnэtIZэm /
[noncount]
( physics ) the power of some metals that makes other objects move toward or away from them
mag • nif • i • cent / m®g' nIfэsэnt /
very good or beautiful
mag • ni • fy / ' mжgnэfaI /
to make something look bigger than it really is
mag • ni • fy • ing glass / wgmfang /
mag ni fy ing glass • es )
a round piece of glass, usually with a handle, that makes things look bigger than they are when you look through it
maid / meid /
a woman whose job is to clean in a hotel or a house
maid • en name / ' meidn neim /
magnet
a woman's family name before she is married Word building Your first name or given name is the name that your parents give you when you are born. Many people also have a middle name . Your last name or family name is the name that everyone in your family has. When a woman gets married, she usually takes her husband's last name. Her old last name is then called her maiden name , and her new one is her married name .
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
maid of hon • or / |meid av ' anar /
(at a wedding) the most important bridesmaid (= someone who helps a woman on her wedding day )
mail © / meil /
the way of sending and receiving letters and packages
letters and packages that you send or receive
( computers ) computer messages sent by e-mail
mail
to send a letter or package to someone
to send a message to someone by e-mail
—SYNONYM e-mail
mail • box / meilbaks /
a private box outside a house, or a hole in a door for putting letters into
a box in the street where you put letters that you want to send
( computers ) a computer program that receives and stores e-mail
mailboxes
mail car • ri • er / ' meil |kreriar /
a person whose job is to take ( deliver ) letters and packages to people's homes
mail • man / ' meilmren /
a man whose job is to take ( deliver ) letters and packages to people's homes
mail or • der / 'meil |Ordar /
[ noncount ]
a way of shopping, in which you choose the things you want to buy and you are sent them by mail
most important
main • land / ' meinlrend ; ' meinland /
( geography ) the main part of a country, not including the islands around it
main . ly © / 'memli/
main • stream / meinstrim /
the ideas and opinions that are considered normal because they are shared by most people
main • tain aw / mein ' tein /
( main - tains , main tain - ing , main tained )
to make something continue at the same level If he can maintain this speed, he'll win the race.
to keep something working well
main • te • nance AWL / ' meintn^ans /
keeping something in good condition
ma • jes • tic / ma ' d3estik /
making a strong impression because of its size or beauty
maj • es • ty / ' mred3asti /
[ noncount ] the quality of being very big or very beautiful
Majesty [ count ] (
a word that you use to talk to or about a king or queen
—ANTONYM minor
ma • jor 2 AWL / ' meid3ar /
the main subject that you study in college
an officer in the army
ma • jor 3 AWL / ' meid3ar /
major in something to study something as your main
subject in college
Look at minor 3 .
ma • jor • i • ty AWL / ms 'd3orsti /
most things or people in a group
—ANTONYM minority
ma • jor league / me^sr ' lig /
( sports ) the groups of baseball teams that play at the highest level
make iQ / meik /
to produce or create something
to cause something to be or to happen; to perform an action
to force someone to do something
a word that you use with money and numbers
to choose someone to do a job
to have the right qualities to be something
to be able to go somewhere
make do with something to use something that is
not very good, because there is nothing better
make something into something to change
something so that it becomes a different thing
make it
to manage to do something; to succeed
make something up to invent something that is not true
make 2 / meik /
( business ) the name of the company that made something
make-be • lieve / ' meik bi,liv /
[noncount]
make • o • Ver / ' meik,ouvsr /
[count ]
the process of improving the appearance of a person or a place
mak • er / meiksr /
a person, company, or machine that makes something
make • up / ' meikAp /
special powders and creams that you put on your face to make yourself more beautiful. Actors also wear makeup when they are acting
ma • lar • i • a / ms 'leris /
( health ) a serious disease that you get in hot countries from the bite of a small insect (called a mosquito )
( biology ) A male animal or person belongs to the sex that does not have babies
male
mal • ice / ' mrelss /
[noncount]
a feeling of wanting to hurt other people
ma • li • cious / ms ' li/ss /
mall / mol / ( also shop . ping mall / 'Japig mol / )
a large building that has a lot of stores, restaurants, etc. inside it
mal • nu • tri • tion / ,m®lnu' trijn /
( health ) bad health that is the result of not having
enough food or enough of the right kind of food
mam • mal / ' mffiml /
( biology ) any animal that drinks milk from its mother's body when it is young
man 4P / msen /
saw a tall man with dark hair.
[ noncount ] all humans; people
[ count ] any person All men are created equal.
a word that you say when you are a little angry, or you are
surprised, shocked, etc.
man .age Ф / 'тжшаз/ verb
( man . ag es , man . ag . ing , man aged )
to be able to do something that is difficult
to be in charge of or control someone or something
man • age • a • ble / ' m®nid3sbl /
man • age • ment / ' m®nid3mant /
[ noncount ] the control of something, for example a business, and the people who work in it
[ count, noncount ] ( business ) all the people who control a business
man .ag .er © / maenidpr/
( business ) a person who is in charge of a business, a store, an organization, or part of an organization
man • da • to • ry / ' m®nda|tori /
If something is mandatory , you have to do it
—SYNONYM compulsory
mane / mein /
the long hair on the neck of some animals, for example horses and lions ,
ma • neu • ver / ma ' nuvar /
to move to a different position using skill
ma • neu • ver
man • go / ' mreggou /
a fruit that is yellow or red on the outside and yellow on the inside. Mangoes grow in hot countries.
ma • ni • ac / ' meinirek /
a person who behaves in a wild or dangerous way
man • ic / ' mrenik /
full of activity and excitement
man • i • cure / 'mrenakyur /
[ count, noncount ]
a treatment to make your hands and your fingernails (= the hard parts at the end of your fingers ) look nice
ma • nip • u • late aw / ma ' nipyaleit /
( ma . nip u lates , ma nip . u lat . ing , ma . nip . u . lat . ed )
to influence someone so that they do or think what you want
ma • nip • u • la • tion AWL / ma|nipya ' leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
man • kind / |Шжп' kaind /
all the people in the world
made by people; not formed in a natural way
—SYNONYM artificial
man • ner / ' шжпэг /
1 [ singular ] the way that you do something or the way that something happens
[ singular ] the way that someone behaves and speaks to other people
manners [ plural ] the habits and customs of people in a particular country or culture
man • ner • ism / ' шжпэ^кэш /
[ count ]
man • sion / ' mrenjn /
a very big house
man • tel / ' m®ntl /
( also man .tel . piece / ' mrentlpis / )
man • u • al 1 aw / ' mrenyual / e
using your hands
man • u • al • ly AWL| / ' mrenyuali / adverb This machine is operated manually.
man • u • al 2 aw щ / ' mrenyual /
a book that tells you how to do something
man • u • fac • ture / |m®nya ' frektfar /
( man . u . fac tures , man u . fac . tur . ing , man u . fac . tured )
to make things in a factory using machines
man • u • fac • ture
man • u • fac • tur • er / m^nya ' fektfarar /
a person or company that makes something
ma • nure / ma 'nur /
animal waste that is put on soil to make plants grow better
man • u • script / ' m®nyaskript /
( english language arts ) a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been published
( more / mor / most / moust / )
a large number of people or things Many people in this country are poor. There aren't many students in my class. Many of these books are very old.
a word that you use to ask or talk about the number of people or things
[count ]
a drawing of a city, a country, or the world that shows things like mountains, rivers, and roads
ma • ple / ' meipl /
mar • a • thon / ' m®re|6an /
( sports ) a very long race when people run about 26 miles
mar • ble / marbl /
[ noncount ] a hard, attractive stone that is used to make statues (= models of people ) and parts of buildings
[ count ] a small, glass ball that children play with
March О / mart/ /
march 1 / mart/ /
to walk like a soldier
to walk through the streets in a large group to show that you do not agree with something
to walk somewhere quickly in a determined way
march 2 / mart/ /
an organized walk by a large group of people who want to show that they do not agree with something
a long trip made by soldiers walking together
mare / ' mer /
mar • ga • rine / ' mardзэrэn /
soft, yellow food that looks like butter, but is not made of milk. You put it on bread or use it in cooking.
mar • gin AWL / ' mаrdзэn /
the space at the side of a page that has no writing or pictures in it
the amount of space, time, etc. by which you win something
connected with the ocean
ma • rine 2 / шэ ' rin /
a soldier who has been trained to fight on land or on the ocean
mark 1© / mark /
a spot or line that spoils the appearance of something
a shape or special sign on something
—SYNONYM grade
mark 2 Ф' / mark /
to put a sign on something by writing or drawing on it
to show where something is
to spoil the appearance of something by making a mark on it
to celebrate or remember an important event
to look at school work to see how good it is
mar . ket 1Ф / 'marbt /
[ count ] a place where people go to buy and sell things, usually outside
[ count, noncount ] ( business ) the people who want to buy something
on the market
available to buy
mar • ket 2 / ' mаrkэt /
( mar • kets , mar • ket • ing , mar ket • ed )
mar • ket • ing / ' mаrkэtд /
[noncount]
( business ) using advertisements to help a company sell its products
having a color between brown and purple ► ma .roon
mar . riage Ф / 'maendj/ noun
[ count, noncount ] the time when two people are together as husband and wife
[ count ] the time when a man and woman become husband and wife
mar .ried © / ' mrerid /
having a husband or a wife
—ANTONYM single , unmarried
get married
to take someone as your husband or wife
mar . ГУ Ф / macri /
( mar • ries , mar • ry • ing , mar • ried , has mar • ried )
to take someone as your husband or wife
marsh / mar//
mar • shal / ' marjl /
an officer whose job is to do the things that are ordered by a court of law
an important officer in some police and fire departments
marsh • mal • low / ' marjmelou /
[ count, noncount ]
a very soft, sweet, white food that comes in round pieces
mar • tial arts / |marjl 'arts /
( sports ) fighting sports, in which you use your hands and feet as weapons
mar • vel • ous / ' marvbas /
very good
mas • car • a / mre' skrera /
a substance that you put on the hairs around your eyes (your eyelashes ) to make them look darker and thicker
mas • cot / ' mreskat /
a person, animal, or thing that people think brings them good luck
mas • cu • line / ' mreskyalan /
typical of a man, or right for a man
( english language arts ) (in some languages) belonging to a certain class of nouns, adjectives, or pronouns
mash / mrej /
( mash - es , mash - ing , mashed )
to press and mix food to make it soft
mask / mresk /
mass / mres /
[ count ] a large amount or quantity of something without a clear shape
[ noncount ] ( physics ) the amount of material that something contains
3 Mass [ count, noncount ] ( religion ) an important religious ceremony, especially in the Roman Catholic Church
mas • sa • cre / ' mresakar /
the cruel killing of a lot of people ►mas • sa • cre
( mas - sa - cres , mas - sa - cring , mas - sa - cred )
mas • sage / ma ' sa3 /
the act of rubbing someone's body to get rid of pain or help them relax
( mas - sag - es , mas - sag - ing , mas saged )
very big
mast / mrest /
a tall piece of wood or metal that holds the sails on a boat
a tall pole that holds a flag
mas • ter 1 / ' mrestar /
a man who has people or animals in his control
a man who is very good at something
mas • ter 2 / ' mrestar /
to learn how to do something well
mas • ter • piece / ' mrestarpis /
a great painting, book, movie, or play
mas • ter's de • gree / ' mrestarz di|gri /
( also mas - ter's )
a second or higher university degree. You usually get a master's degree by studying for one or two years after your first degree
mat / mret /
a small thing that covers a part of the floor Wipe your feet on the doormat before you go in. an exercise mat for gymnasts
a small thing that you put under something on a table
match Ф / msetj/
[ count ] a short thin piece of wood that you use to light a fire or a cigarette
[ singular ] something that looks good with something else, for example because it has the same color, shape, or pattern
[ count ] ( sports ) a game between two people or teams
( match . es , match . ing , matched )
to have the same color, shape, or pattern as something else, or to look good with something else
to find something that is like another thing or that you can put with it
match • ing / ' mretjig /
mate 1 / meit /
a person who lives, works, or studies with you
( biology ) one of two animals that come together to make young animals
mate 2 / meit /
ma .te .ri .al Ф /шэ'ыы/noun
[ count, noncount ]
1 cloth that you use for making clothes and other things
don't have enough material to make a dress.
—SYNONYM fabric
what you use for making or doing something
ma • ter • nal / ms tsrnl /
behaving like a mother, or connected with being a mother
A maternal relation is from your mother's side of the family
ma • ter • ni • ty / ms ' tsrnsti /
connected with women who are going to have or just had a baby
math О / шж6 /
math • e • ma • ti • cian / lms6ms'tijn /
( math ) a person who studies or is an expert in mathematics
math .e .mat .ies Ф / nm-onm-tiks/
( also math )
( math ) the study of numbers, measurements, and shapes
math • e • mat • i • cal / ,шш6 ' mretikl /
mat • i • nee ( also mat . i . nee ) / ,m®tn^' ei /
an afternoon performance of a play or movie
mat .ter 1 Ф / maetor/
[ count ] something that you must talk about or do There is a matter I would like to discuss with you.
the matter [ singular ] the reason someone or something has a problem or is not good
[ noncount ] all physical substances, or a substance of a particular kind
as a matter of fact
words that you use when you say something true, important, or interesting
words that you use to say that something is always true
mat .ter 2 Ф / maetor/
to be important
mat • tress / ' m®trss /
(
the thick, soft part of a bed
ma • ture AWL / ms ' t/ur ; ms ' tur /
behaving in a sensible way like an adult
fully grown or fully developed —ANTONYM immature ►ma • ture
( ma . tures , ma tur ing , ma tured )
pale purple
max • i • mum AWL / ' mrekssmsm /
[ singular ]
May О / mei /
the fifth month of the year
1 a word that shows what will perhaps happen or what is possible
may go to Colorado next month. He may not be here.
(
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
may . be О / 'meibi/
a word that shows that something may happen or may be true
Style
You can use maybe when you want to sound polite:
may • on • naise / meia ' neiz ; ' meianeiz /
a cold, thick sauce made with eggs and oil
may • or / ' meiar /
( politics ) the leader of a group of people who control a city or town (called a council )
maze / meiz /
a system of paths that is confusing, so that it is difficult to find your way out
me Ф / mi /
mead • oW / ' medou /
a field of grass
meal Ф / mil /
Breakfast , lunch , and dinner are the usual meals of the day.
We do not usually use "a" with the names of meals:
meal • time / miltaim /
the time at which a meal is usually eaten
mean 1Ф / min /
( means , mean . ing , meant / ment / has meant )
to have as a meaning What does "medicine" mean ?
to plan or want to say something
to make something happen
to plan or want to do something
—SYNONYM intend
to be important to someone My family means a lot to me. I mean
mean 2 / min /
1 (used about people or their behavior) unkind
2 ( math ) average
mean 3 / min /
( math ) the result you get when you add together all the numbers in a group and then divide the total by the number of amounts you added
—SYNONYM average
mean . ing Ф / 'гшпщ /
[ count ] what something means or shows This word has two different meanings.
[ noncount ] purpose or importance
mean • ing • ful / minigfl /
useful, important, or interesting
mean • ing • less / ' miniglas /
without meaning, reason, or sense
means / minz /
a way of doing something; a way of going somewhere
by all means
of course; certainly
by using something
by no means
(
meant
mean • time / ' mintaim /
in the meantime
in the time between two things happening
mean • while / minwail /
at the same time as another thing is happening, or in the time between two things happening
mea • sles / ' mizalz /
( health ) an illness that makes small red spots appear on your skin
meas . ure 1 Ф / 'mepr /
to find the size, weight, or amount of someone or something
to be a certain size or amount This room measures 15 feet across.
meas . ure 2© / 'тезэг /
a way of showing the size or amount of something
an action that someone does in order to achieve something
meas .ure .ment © / me3armant /
[count ]
the size of something that is found by measuring it
meat © / mit /
the parts of an animal or bird that you can eat
meat • ball / ' mitbol /
a small round ball of meat
meat • loaf / ' mitlouf /
meat that has been cut into very small pieces and mixed with eggs, onions, etc. It is then formed into a long shape and baked
me • chan • ic / ma 'krenik /
a person whose job is to repair or work with machines
me • chan • i • cal / ma krenikl /
moved, done, or made by a machine
me • chan • ics / ma 'kreniks /
( general science ) the study of how machines work
mech • a • nism AWL / ' mekanizam /
[ count ]
a set of moving parts in a machine that does a particular job
med • al / ' medl /
a piece of metal with words and pictures on it that you get for doing something very good
me • di • a AWL / ' midia /
television, radio, and newspapers
med i .cal © / medikl /
( health ) connected with medicine, hospitals, or doctors
med • i • ca • tion / medi ' keijn /
[ count, noncount ]
( health ) medicine that you take to treat an illness
med .i .cine © / 'medisn/ noun
( health )
[ noncount ] the science of understanding illnesses and making sick people well again
[ count, noncount ] a special chemical substance that helps you to get better when you are sick
me • di • e • val / |mid' ivl /
( history ) connected with the years between about 1100 and 1500 in Europe
— Look
me • di • o • cre / |midi' oukar /
not very good
me • di . Um © / midiom /
not big and not small
meet © / mit / verb
( meets , meet - ing , met / met / has met )
1 to come together by chance or because you have planned it
met Kate in the library today.
to see and speak to someone for the first time
to go to a place and wait for someone to arrive
to join together with something The two rivers meet in St. Louis.
meet with someone to have a meeting with someone,
usually to talk about something
meet .ing © / mitin/ noun
[count]
a time when people come together for a special reason, usually to talk about something
a time when two or more people come together
meg • a • byte / ' megabait / (
( computers ) a unit of computer memory, equal to about one million bytes (= small units of information )
mel • o • dy / ' meladi /
(
( music ) a group of musical notes that make a nice sound when you play or sing them together
—SYNONYM tune
mel • on
/ ' mebn /
a big, round, yellow or green fruit with a lot of seeds inside
melt Ф / melt /
to warm something so that it becomes liquid; to get warmer so that it becomes liquid
melt • ing pot / ' meltig pat /
a place where a lot of different cultures, ideas, etc. come together
mem .ber © / ' membэr /
mem • ber • ship / ' membэr^Ip /
[ noncount ]
mem • brane / ' membrein /
( biology ) a thin layer that is found inside a plant, or inside a person's or an animal's body
mem • o / ' memou /
( business ) a note that you write to a person who works with you
mem • o • ra • ble / ' memrebl /
easy to remember because it is special in some way
me • mo • ri • al / шэ 'шог1э1 /
something that people build or do to help us remember
someone, or something that happened
mem • o • rize / ' memэraIZ /
( mem • o • riz es , mem • o • riz • ing , mem • o rized )
to learn something so that you can remember it exactly
mem .O . ry Ф / 'тетэи/
1 [ count ] the ability to remember things
[ count ] something that you remember
[ count, noncount ] ( computers ) the part of a computer that holds information
men
mend / mend /
to repair a hole in a piece of clothing
men's room / ' menz rum /
a room in a public building that has toilets for men to use
men • stru • ate / ' menstrueit /
( biology ) (used about women) to lose blood from the body once a month
— Look
Suffix
-ment
( in nouns ) the action or result of a verb
men .tal © E / ' mentl /
of or in your mind
men • tal • ly AWL / ' mentэli / adverb He is mentally ill.
men • tal • i • ty aw / men ' tekti /
[ count ] (
men .tion © / 'теп/п/
to speak or write about something without giving much information
words you use to add something to what you have just said; and also
men • tion
men • u / ' menyu/
a list of the food that you can choose in a restaurant
( computers ) a list on the screen of a computer that shows what you can do
me • oW / mi ' au /
► me • ow
— Look
mer • chan • dise / ' martfandaiz / [noncount] (
things that are for sale
mer • chant / ' mart/ant /
( business ) a person who buys and sells things, especially from and to other countries
mer • cu • ry / ' markyari /
a silver, liquid metal
mer • cy / ' marsi /
being kind and not hurting someone who has done wrong
be at the mercy of someone or something
to have no power against someone or something that is strong
only; not more than
mere • ly / ' mirli /
only
—SYNONYM just
merge / mard3 /
( merg es , merg . ing , merged )
to join together with something else
mer • it 1 / ' merat /
the thing or things that are good about someone or something
to be good enough for something
—SYNONYM deserve
mer • maid / ' marmeid /
a woman in stories who has a fish's tail and lives in the ocean
mer • ry / ' meri /
happy
mer • ry-go-round / meri gou raund /
a big, round machine with models of animals or cars on it. Children can ride on it as it turns.
—SYNONYM carousel mess lC / mes /
a lot of things that are not organized or neat, and that may be dirty
a person or thing that is not neat and clean
a difficult situation
mess 2 / mes /
mess something up
to make something dirty or not neat
to do something badly or to spoil something
mes . sage © / 'mes^/
words that one person sends to another
mes • sen • ger / ' mesand3ar /
a person who brings a message
mess .уф / mesi/
dirty or not neat
making you or something dirty or not neat
met
met .al Ф / 'metl/
( chemistry ) a solid substance that is usually hard and shiny, such as iron, silver, or gold
me • tal • lic / ma ' trelik /
( chemistry ) looking like metal or making a noise like one piece of metal hitting another
met • a • mor • pho • sis / meta ' morfasas /
(
( biology ) a complete change of form, as part of a body's natural development
met • a • phor / ' metafor /
( english language arts ) a word or phrase that is used to describe something by comparing it to something else
— Look
► met • a • phor • i • cal / meta ' forikl /
me • te • or / ' mitiar /
a small piece of rock in space that makes a bright line in the sky when it travels near the earth
me • te • or • ol • o • gy / ,mitis ' ralsd3i /
[ noncount ]
( general science ) the study of weather and climate
me • ter / ' mitsr /
(
a machine that measures or counts something
meth .od О E Щ / ' me6sd/
a way of doing something
me • thod • i • cal Iaw / ms ' 6adikl /
doing things in an organized and careful way
meth • od • o • log • y Iaw / |me6s ' dalsd3i /
a way of doing something that is based on particular ideas and methods
using the system of meters, grams, and liters (the metric system ) to measure things
met • ro • pol • i • tan / l metrs palstn /
connected with a large city
mg
mice
mi • cro • chip / ' maikroutjip /
( computers ) a very small thing inside a computer or a machine that makes it work
mi • cro • phone / ' maikrsfoun / ( also
a piece of electrical equipment that makes sounds louder or records them so you can listen to them later
mi .cro .scope
/ maikrsskoup /
( general science ) a piece of equipment with special glass in it that makes very small things look much bigger
mi • cro • scop • ic / imaikrs ' skapik /
so small that you cannot see it without a microscope
mi • cro • wave / ' maikrsweiv /
( also mi . cro . wave ov . en / |maikrs weiv ' Avsn / )
a type of oven that cooks or heats food very quickly using electric waves
mi • cro • wave
to cook or heat something in a microwave Prefix
mid-
mid • day / mid ' dei /
twelve o'clock in the day
—SYNONYM noon ,
mid .die Ф / 'midl/
the part that is the same distance from the sides, edges, or ends of something
the time after the beginning and before the end
be in the middle of doing something
to be busy doing something
mid • dle
mid • dle-aged / ,midl ' eid3d /
not old and not young; between the ages of around 40 and 60
the Mid • dle Ag • es / 6s ,midl ' eid3iz /
[ plural ]
( history ) the years between about 1100 and 1500 in Europe
Look
the mid • dle class / 6s ,midl ' klres /
[ singular ]
the group of people in a society who are neither very rich
nor very poor, and which includes business and
professional people
mid • dle-class / ,midl ' kl®s /
the Mid • dle East / 6s midl ' ist /
[ singular ]
( geography ) the group of countries in S.W. Asia and N.E. Africa
Look
mid • dle name / ' midl neim /
a name that comes between your first name and your family name
Word building
Your first name or given name is the name that your parents give you when you are born. Many people also have a middle name . Your last name or family name is the name that everyone in your family has. When a woman gets married, she usually takes her husband's last name. Her old last name is then called her maiden name , and her new one is her married name .
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
mid • dle school / ' midlskul /
a school for children between the ages of about 11 and 14 Word building
In the U.S., children start elementary school when they are 5. The first year of this is called kindergarten
When children are around 11 years old, they move to middle school (or junior high school ), and when they reach the age of around 14, they start high school .
Each year of school is called a grade . When a child is around 6 years old they are in first grade , and the last year of high school is the twelfth grade .
mid .night © / ' midnait /
mid • Way / |mid ' wei /
in the middle
the Mid • West / бэ |mid' west /
( geography ) the northern central part of the U.S.
mid • Wife / ' midwaif /
( health ) a person whose job is to help women give birth to babies
a word that shows what will perhaps happen or what is possible
used as the form of "may" when you repeat later what someone has said
(
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
might • y / ' maiti /
very great, strong, or powerful
mi • graine / 'maigrein /
[ count, noncount ]
( health ) a very bad pain in your head that makes you feel sick
mi • grant AWL / ' maigrant /
a person who goes to another area or another country to find work
mi • grate aw / ' maigreit /
( mi • grates , mi • grat • ing , mi • grat • ed )
( biology ) (used about animals and birds) to move from one part of the world to another every year
(used about large numbers of people) to go to live and work in another place
► mi • gra • tion AWLl / mai ' greijn /
[ count, noncount ]
mi • gra • to • ry AWB / ' maigra|tori /
( biology ) (used about animals and birds) moving from one part of the world to another every year
mike / maik /
mild / maild /
not strong; not very bad
(used about food) not having a strong flavor
mile © / mail /
[ count ] a measure of length, equal to 1.6 kilometers. There are 1,760 yards, or 5,280 feet , in a mile
miles [ plural ] a long way We've already walked for miles .
mile • age / ' mailid3 /
the distance that a vehicle has traveled, measured in miles
mile • stone / mailstoun /
a very important event in the development of something
mil • i • tar • y 1 AWL / ' mib|teri /
connected with soldiers or the army, navy, etc.
mil • i • tar • y 2 AWL / ' mib|teri /
a country's soldiers who fight on land, on water, or in the air
—SYNONYM the armed forces
milk © / milk /
the white liquid that a mother makes in her body to give to
her baby. People drink the milk of cows and some other
animals
milk 2 / milk /
to take milk from a cow or another animal
milk . shake / 'mdkjeik /
a drink made of milk with the flavor of chocolate or fruit added to it
milk • y / ' milki /
with a lot of milk in it
the Milk • y Way / 6a miiki wei /
[ singular ]
the system of stars that contains our sun and its planets, seen as a band of light in the night sky
mill / mil /
a building where a machine makes flour from grain
( business ) a factory where one material is made, for example cloth or paper
mil • len • ni • um / ma 'leniam /
Remember! You spell millennium with LL and NN .
a period of a thousand years
mil • li • gram / ' milagrrem / (
a measure of weight. There are 1,000 milligrams in a gram .
mil • li • li • ter / 'milalitar /
a measure of liquid. There are 1,000 milliliters in a liter . mil • li • me • ter / ' milamitar / (
a measure of length. There are 1,000 millimeters in a
meter
mil .lion © / ' milyan / 1 1,000,000; one thousand thousand
Be careful! When you use million with a number, don't add an "s":
2 millions
(
mil • lionth / ' milyan6 / pronoun, adjective, pronoun, noun [ count ]
1,000,000th
mil • lion • aire / miiya' ner /
a person who has more than one million dollars; a very rich person
mime / maim /
mime verb ( mimes , mim - ing , mimed ) He mimed that he was hungry.
mim • ic / ' mimik /
( mim - ics , mim ick - ing , mim icked )
to copy the way someone moves and speaks in order to
entertain people
►mim • ic
min.
mince / mins /
to cut food into very small pieces
mind ч'-1 / maind /
to be or become crazy
have something on your mind
to decide something
mind 2 Ф / maind /
to feel unhappy or angry about something
never mind
don't worry; it doesn't matter
mine 2 / main /
a very big hole in the ground, where people work to get things like silver or gold
a bomb that is hidden under the ground or under water mine
min • er / ' mai^r /
a person who works in a mine
min • er • al / 'штэгэ1 /
Minerals are things like gold, salt, or oil that come from the ground and that people use.
min • er • al wa • ter / ' штэгэ1 ^э1эг /
[ noncount ]
water with minerals in it, which comes from the ground
min • gle / ' miggl /
mini-
( in nouns ) very small
min • i • a • ture / ' mimtjur /
very small; much smaller than usual
min • i • mal aw / ' штэшэ1 /
very small in amount
min • i • mize AWL / ' mimmaiz /
min • i • mum awl| / ' штэшэш /
[ singular ]
the smallest size, amount, or number that is possible
min • i • mum wage / штэшэш 'weid3 /
the lowest amount of money that you can legally be paid for an hour of work
min • i • skirt / ' mmiskэrt /
a very short skirt
min • is • ter / ' mmэstэr /
( religion ) a religious leader in some Christian churches
( politics ) one of the most important people in the government in some countries
min • is • try AWL / ' mimstri /
( politics ) (in some countries) a part of the government that controls one special thing
not very big or important
mi • nor 2 AWL / ' mai^r /
a person who is not old enough to do something legally
a subject that you study in college, but not as your main subject
mi • nor 3 AWL / ' main8r /
minor in something to study something in college, but not as your main subject
mi • nor • i • ty AWL| / шэ 'noreti /
[ singular ] the smaller part of a group Only a minority of the students speak English.
—ANTONYM majority
[ count ] a small group of people who are of a different race or religion from most of the people where they live
mi • nor league / ^тэг ' iig /
( sports ) the groups of baseball teams that do not play at the highest level
mint / mint /
[ noncount ] a small plant with a strong fresh taste and smell, which you put in food and drinks
[ count ] a candy made from this plant
( math ) less; when you take away
—ANTONYM plus
below zero
( math ) lower than zero
(used after a letter grade on students' work) a little lower than
mi • nus 3 / ' mai^s /
( also mi . nus sign / ' mai^s sain / ) ( math ) the symbol ( - ), which is used to show that a number is below zero or that you should take the second number away from the first
a disadvantage
^ANTONYM plus
mi .nute 1©/'minst/ломя [count]
(
a short time
—SYNONYM moment
in a minute
very soon
as soon as
mi • nute 2 / mai ' nut /
very small
mir • a • cle / ' mirskl/
a wonderful and surprising thing that happens and that you cannot explain
mi • rac • u • lous / ms ' rrekyslss /
wonderful and surprising
mir . ГОГ Ф / 1 mirsr /
a piece of special glass where you can see yourself
Prefix
mis-
( in verbs and nouns ) bad or wrong; in a bad way or in the wrong way
mis • be • have / , misbi heiv /
to behave badly
mis • cel • la • ne • ous / ,miss ' leiniss /
consisting of many different types or things
mis • chief / ' mistfsf /
mis • chie • vous / ' mist/svss /
1 feeling very sad
waited in the rain for an hour, feeling cold, wet, and miserable.
making you feel sad
a strong feeling of sadness, pain etc.
mis • for • tune / ,mis 'fortjsn /
[ count, noncount ] (
something bad that happens; bad luck
mis • lead / ,mis ' lid /
( mis . leads, mis . lead . ing, mis led , has mis . led )
to make someone believe something that is not true
mis • print / ' misprint /
a mistake in printing or typing
Miss О / mis /
a word that you use before the name of a girl or woman who is not married
Miss , Mrs. , Ms. and Mr. are all titles that we use in front of someone's family name. You do not use these titles in front of a person's first name, unless it is included with the family name:
miss 1 Ф / mis /
1 to not hit or catch something
tried to hit the ball, but I missed.
to not see or hear something
to be too late for a train, bus, airplane, or boat
—ANTONYM catch
to feel sad about someone or something that has gone
miss 2 / mis /
( sports ) a failure to hit, catch, or reach something you are trying to hit, catch, or reach
mis • sile / ' misl /
a powerful weapon that can be sent long distances through the air and then explodes
a thing that you throw at someone to hurt them
mis .sing © / 'misir)/
lost, or not in the usual place
mis • sion / ' mijn /
a trip to do a special job
mis • sion • ar • y / ' mifa|neri /
( religion ) a person who goes to another country to teach people about a religion
mis • spell / mis ' spei /
( mis - spells , mis - spell - ing , mis - spelled )
( english language arts ) to use one or more wrong letters
when you are writing a word
mist / mist /
mis .take 1©/ mi steik /
[ count ]
mis • take 2 / mi steik /
to think that someone or something is a different person or thing
mis • tak • en / mi ' steikan /
wrong
incorrect wrong according to the facts; containing mistakes. This word is a little formal:
—ANTONYM correct
mistaken (used about a person) wrong in your opinion or judgment:
—ANTONYM right , correct
mis • treat / mis ' trit /
( mis - treats , mis treat ing , mis - treat - ed )
to be cruel to a person or an animal
mis • un • der • stand / misAndar' strend /
mis - un der - stood / misAndar' stud / has mis - un der - stood )
mis • un • der • stand • ing
/ misAndar ' strendig /
mit • ten / ' mitn/
a thing that you wear to keep your hand warm. It has one part for your thumb and another part for your other fingers.
mix © / miks/
to put different things together to make something new
to join together to make something new
to be with and talk to other people
mix someone or something up to think that one
person or thing is a different person or thing
mix something up to put something in the wrong order
containing different kinds of people or things
mix • er / ' miksar /
a machine that mixes things together
mix .ture ©/ 'mikstjbr
something that you make by mixing different things together
mix-up / ' miks Ap /
a confused situation, usually because someone has made a mistake
moan / moun /
1 to make a long, sad sound when you are hurt or very unhappy
2 (
► moan
mob / mab /
a big, noisy group of people who are shouting or fighting
mo .bile home mobile home
/ ,тоиЫ Ъоит /
a small building for people to live in. It is made in a factory and can be moved with a truck.
—SYNONYM trailer
mock / mak /
mod • al verb / ' moudl vэrb / ( also mod al )
( english language arts ) a verb, for example "might," "can," or "must," which you use with another verb Grammar
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
mode aw / moud / ul
[count] (
a type of something or way of doing something
[ count, noncount ] one of the ways in which a machine can work
mod .el 1 Ф / 'madl/
a small copy of something
one of the cars, machines, etc. that a certain company makes
a person or thing that is a good example to copy
a person who wears clothes at a special show or for photographs, so that people will see them and buy them
( art ) a person who sits or stands so that an artist can draw, paint, or photograph them
mod • el 2 / ' madl /
to wear and show clothes as a model
mo • dem / ' moudэm/
( computers ) a piece of equipment that uses a telephone line to connect two computers
mod • er • ate / ' madэrэt /
not too much and not too little
mod .ern © / 'madam /
of the present time; of the kind that is usual now
mod • ern • ize / ' mаdэrnaIZ /
(mod • ern • iz • es, mod • ern • iz • ing, mod • ern • ized )
to make something more modern and more suitable for use today
mod • ern • i • za • tion / |madэrnэ ' zeijn /
[ noncount ]
not talking much about good things that you have done or about things that you can do well
not very big
mod • est • ly / ' madэstli /
mod • es • ty / ' madэsti / noun [ noncount ] She accepted the prize with her usual modesty.
mod • i • fy aw Ц / ' madэfaI /
mod • i • fi • ca • tion AWL / |madэfэ ' keijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a little wet
mois • ture / ' moistjbr /
small drops of water on something or in the air
mois • tur • ize / ' шоюфгак /
( mois • tur • iz • es, mois tur • iz ing, mois • tur • ized)
to put special cream on your skin to make it less dry
mo • lar / ' moubr /
( biology ) one of the large teeth in the back of your mouth mold 1 / mould /
[ count ] a container that you pour liquid into. The liquid then becomes hard ( sets ) and takes the shape of the container
[ noncount ] a soft green, gray, or blue substance that grows on food that is too old
mold • y / ' mouldi / ( mold i er , mold i est )
mold 2 / mould /
to make something soft into a certain shape
mole / moul /
a small gray or brown animal that lives under the ground and makes tunnels
molecule
a small dark spot on a person's skin
mol • e • cule
[count] £ ^
( CHEMISTRY ) the
smallest part into w atom
which a substance can ^^^^^^^
► mo .lec .u .lar
( CHEMISTRY ) Molten metal or rock is liquid, because it is extremely hot
ШОПГ1 © / mam /
mother
mo .ment © / 'moumant/
[ count ] a very short time
[ singular ] a particular point in time At that moment, the phone rang.
at the moment
now
in a moment
very soon
as soon as
mo • men • tum / mou ' mentam /
[noncount]
the force that makes something move faster and faster
mom • my / ' mami /
a word for "mother" that children use
Mon.
mon • arch / ' manark ; ' manark /
( POLITICS ) a king or queen mon • ar • chy / ' manarki /
mon • as • ter • y / 'mana^eri /
( RELIGION ) a place where religious men (called monks ) live together
МОП .day © / Wndei; Wndi/
the day of the week after Sunday and before Tuesday, the first day of the working week
mon .ey © / 'тлш/
[noncount]
Pronunciation
Money consists of coins(=small, round, metal things) and bills (= pieces of paper ) . This is called cash :
bill
nickel
penny
AWL
money
dime quarter
mon • i • tor 1
/ ' manatar /
Look at the picture at computer .
mon • i • tor 2 AWL / ' manatar /
monk / mAgk /
( RELIGION ) a religious man who lives with other religious men in a special building (called a monastery )
Look
mon • key / ' mvgki /
an animal that has a long tail and can climb trees
mon • o • logue ( also mon . o . log )
/ ' manslog ; ' manslag /
mo • nop • o • ly / ms 'napsli /
( business ) the control of an industry or service by only one company
mo • not • o • nous / ms ' natn^ss /
always the same and therefore very boring
mon • soon / ,man'sun /
the season when very heavy rain falls in Southern Asia
mon • ster / ' manstsr /
an animal in stories that is big, ugly, and scary
month Ф / шлп6 /
one of the twelve parts of a year December is the last month of the year. We went to my brother's house last month . Word building
The months of the year are: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
about four weeks
happening or coming every month or once a month
mon • u • ment / ' manysmsnt /
a thing that is built to help people remember a person or
something that happened
moo / mu /
the sound that a cow makes
► moo
mood © / mud /
the way that you feel at a particular time
mood • y / ' mudi /
If you are moody , you often change and become angry or unhappy without warning
moon © / тип /
the moon [ singular ] the big object that shines in the sky at night
[ count ] an object like the moon that moves around another planet
moon • light / 'munlait /
[noncount]
the light from the moon
moor / mur /
to tie a boat or ship to something so that it will stay in one place
moose / mus /
[count] (
a type of large deer with large flat horns (called antlers )
mop / map /
[count]
a thing with a long handle that you use for washing floors
mop
mo • ped / ' mouped /
[count]
a vehicle like a bicycle with a small engine
mor • al / 'moral /
mor • al • ly / ' morsli / adverb It's morally wrong to tell lies.
mor • al 2 / morsl /
morals [ plural ] ideas about what is right and wrong
[ count ] a lesson about what is right and wrong, which you can learn from a story or from something that happens
mo • rale / ms ' гж1 /
[noncount]
how happy, sad, etc. a group of people feel at a particular time
a word that makes an adjective or adverb stronger
a bigger amount or number
almost, but not exactly
—SYNONYM roughly
once more
again
Look
more • o • ver / mor ' ouvar /
(used in writing to add another fact) also
—SYNONYM furthermore
morn . ing © / mornnj /
the first part of the day, between the time when the sun
comes up and the middle of the day
good morning
words that you say when you see someone for the first time in the morning
in the morning
mort • gage / ' morgid3 /
money that you borrow to buy a house
mo • sa • ic / mou'zeiik /
( art ) a picture or pattern that is made by placing together small stones, pieces of glass, etc.
Mos • lem / ' mazlam / = Muslim
mosque / mask /
( religion ) a building where Muslims go to say their prayers
mos • qui • to / ma 'skitou /
a small insect that bites people and animals and drinks their blood
moss / mos /
a soft green plant that grows in wet places on things like trees and stones
—ANTONYM least
at most ; at the most
not more than a certain number, and probably less
make the most of something
to use something in the best way
mOSt 2 © / moust /
more than all others
—ANTONYM least
mOSt . ly © / 'moustli /
mo • tel / mou 'tel /
a hotel where you can park your car outside your room
moth / mo6 /
[count]
an insect with big wings that flies at night
moth .er © / 'тлбэг /
moth • er • hood / ' mAdarhud /
[noncount]
the state of being a mother
moth • er-in-law / ' mAdar in lo /
the mother of your husband or wife
moth • er tongue / ^dar 'tAg
( english language arts ) the first language you learn to speak as a child
mo • tion / ' moufn /
movement
mo • tion • less / ' moujanlas /
mo • ti • vate AWL / ' moutaveit /
to make someone want to do something
/ |mouta ' veijn /
mo • ti • va • tion
[ count, noncount ]
a reason for doing something, or a feeling of wanting to do something
mo • tive АШИ / ' moutiv /
mo • tor / ' mouter /
( physics ) the part inside a machine that makes it move or work
We usually use engine , not motor , when we are talking about cars and motorcycles.
mo • tor • boat / ' moutarbout /
a small, fast boat that has a motor
mo .tor .cy .cle © / 'moutar.saikl/
[count]
a vehicle with two wheels and an engine ► mo. tor- cy • clist
/ ' moutarisaiklist /
AWL
motorcycle
( mounts , mount • ing , mount • ed )
( also mount up ) to increase Tension in the area is mounting.
to get on a horse or a bicycle
moun .tain © /'mauntn/
moun • tain bike / 'mauntn baik /
a bicycle with a strong frame and wide tires that you can use to ride over rough ground
moun • tain • eer / mauntn ' ir /
[ count ]
a person who climbs mountains ► moun • tain • eer • ing / mauntn ' irig /
moun • tain lion / ' mauntn ila^ /
a large wild cat that lives in western North America -►SYNONYM cougar
mountain lion
mo • tor home
/ ' moutar houm /
a large vehicle that you can live and sleep in when you are traveling or on vacation
mo • tor • ist / ' moutjrnst /
a person who drives a car
mot • to / ' matou /
a short phrase that states the main aims or beliefs of an
organization, a group, a person, etc.
mound / maund /
a small hill; a large pile of earth
a pile of things
Mount / maunt / (
You use Mount before the name of a mountain
mount / maunt /
moun • tain • ous / ' mauntn^s /
( geography ) having many mountains
mourn / morn /
mouse © / maus /
a small animal with a long tail
( computers ) a thing that you move with your hand to tell a computer what to do
— Look
( computers ) a smooth piece of plastic that is the best kind of surface on which to use a computer mouse
mousse / mus /
a type of light food made by mixing together cream and eggs, and adding another food or flavor
a light, white substance that you use to make your hair stay in a particular style
mouth О
/ mau6 /
/ mau6z / )
the part of your face below your nose, which you use for eating and speaking
( geography )
the place where a river goes into the ocean
mouth • ful / ' mau9ful/
the amount of food or drink that you can put in your mouth at one time
mouth • Wash / ' mau6waj /
[ count, noncount ]
a liquid that you use to make your mouth fresh and healthy
move 1Ф / muv / verb
( moves , mov • ing , moved )
to go from one place to another; to change the way you are standing or sitting
to put something in another place or another way
to go to live in another place
to cause someone to have strong feelings, especially of sadness
move in to go to live in a house or apartment
move out to leave a house or apartment where you were
living
move over to change your position in order to make space for someone or something
mOVe 2 Ф / muv /
a change of place or position
a change in the place where you live
get a move on (
move . ment & / 'muvmsnt/
moving or being moved
a group of people who have the same ideas or beliefs
mov . ie © / 'muvi/
1 [ count ] a story shown in moving pictures that you see in theaters or on television
2 the movies [ plural ] the place where you go to watch a movie
go to a movie rent a movie/a DVD download a movie/a video watch a movie/a DVD/a video/a preview shoWing show/screen a movie
be released on/come out on/be out on DVD making
make/direct/produce/shoot a movie/a sequel/a video
play a character/the role of someone in a movie write the screenplay/soundtrack
movie star / ' muvi star /
an actor or actress who is famous for being in movies
mov • ie the • a • ter / ' muvi eiatar /
( also the .a • ter )
a building where you go to see movies
making you feel something strongly, especially sadness
moW / mou /
( mows , mow ing , mowed , has mown / moun / ) to cut grass with a machine
moW • er / ' mouar /
MP3 play • er / |em pi ' eri |pleiar /
a small piece of equipment that stores and plays music from computer files (called MP3 files )
a way of measuring how fast something is moving. Mph is
short for miles per hour
a title that you use before the name of a man
a word that you use before the name of a woman who is married
M.S. / |em ' es / ( also M.Sc. / |em es ' si / )
a second university degree that you receive when you complete a program of study at a university in a science subject. M.S. is short for Master of Science .
— Look
a word that you can use before the name of any woman, instead of Mrs. or Miss
Grammar
Miss , Mrs. , Ms. and Mr. are all titles that we use in front of someone's family name. You do not use these titles in front of a person's first name, unless it is included with the family name:
Mt.
( more / mor / most / moust / ) a big amount of something; a lot of something
Grammar
We usually use much only in negative sentences, in questions, and after "too," "so," "as," and "how."
In other sentences we use a lot (of) :
much 2 © / mAtjV
a lot
mud © / m\d /
soft wet earth
mud • dle / ' m.di /
( mud . dles , mud dling , mud dled ) muddle through
to manage to do something, even though you do not have the right equipment, skills, etc.
mud • dle
a confused state
mud • dy / ' m\di /
covered with mud
muf • fin / ' mлfsn/
a small sweet cake, sometimes with fruit in it
mug 1 / m\g /
a big cup with straight sides and a handle
mug 2 / m.\g /
to attack someone in the street and take their money
mug • ger / ' m\gsr / noun [ count ] Watch out for muggers, especially at night.
mug • gy / ' m\gi /
(used about the weather) warm and a little wet, so that you
feel uncomfortable
mule / myul /
an animal that is used for carrying heavy loads and whose parents are a horse and a donkey (= an animal like a small horse with long ears )
mul • ti •cul •tur • al / ,m\iti ' ыуъы /
for or including people from many different countries and cultures
mul • ti • me • di • a / ,m\lti ' midis /
using sound, pictures, and film as well as words on a screen
mul • ti • ple / ' m\itspi /
( math ) a number that contains another number an exact
number of times
mul • ti • ple-choice / ,m\ltspl ' tfois /
A multiple-choice exam or question gives you three or four different answers and you have to choose the right one.
mul .ti .ply © / 'mAltsplai
( math ) to make a number bigger by a certain number of times
— Look
► mul • ti • pli • ca • tion / ,m\ltspls ' keijn /
[noncount]
mul • ti • ra • cial / ,m\lti ' reijl /
including or involving different races of people
mum • ble / ' m\mbl /
( mum bles , mum . bling , mum bled )
to speak quietly in a way that is not clear, so that people cannot hear you well
mum • my / ' m\mi /
a dead body of a person or animal that has been kept by rubbing it with oils and wrapping it in cloth
mumps / m\mps/
( health ) an illness that children can get, which causes the neck to get bigger (to swell )
munch / m\ntj /
to eat something in a noisy way
mu • nic • i • pal / myu ' nisspl /
( politics ) connected with the government of a city or town
mu • ral / myursl /
the crime of killing someone deliberately
mur .der 2О/ 'mordor/
mur • der • er / ' mardarar / noun [ count ] The police have caught the murderer.
mur • mur / ' marmar /
to speak in a low quiet voice
mur • mur
mus .cle Ф / 'nivsl /
( biology ) one of the parts inside your body that are connected to the bones and that help you to move
mus • cu • lar / mAskyalar /
( health , biology ) connected with the muscles
having large, strong muscles
mu . se . um © / myu'zism/
a building where people can look at old or interesting things
mushrooms
mush • room
/ mAjrum /
a type of plant with a flat top and no leaves, which you can eat as a vegetable
mu .sic О / 'myuzik/
the sounds that you make by singing, or by playing instruments
signs on paper to show people what to sing or play
Collocations Music listening
listen to/like/love/be into music/classical music/jazz/pop/hip-hop, etc. listen to the radio/your MP3 player/a CD put on/play a song/a CD/some music turn down/up the radio/the volume playing
play an instrument/the piano/a note/a tune/a duet sing a song/a solo/the blues/in a choir start/join/quit/leave a band writing
write/compose music/a song/a melody/a piece of music/an opera record/release an album/a single/a CD
mu • si • cal О / 'myuzikl /
( music )
connected with music
good at making music Sophie's very musical.
mu • si • cal 2 / myuzikl /
( music ) a play or movie in which the actors sing and dance
mu .si .cian © / myu'zijn/
( music ) a person who writes music or plays a musical instrument
Mus • lim / ' mAzlam; ' muzlam /
mus • sel / mAsl /
[ count ]
a small animal that lives in the ocean. It has a black shell and a soft body that you can eat.
mUSt Ф / mast; niAst /
(
You use must not or the short form mustn't / ' mAsnt / to tell people not to do something:
When you want to say that someone can do something if they want, but that it is not necessary, you use don't have to :
a word that shows that you are sure something is true
a word that you use to give someone advice You really must read this book — it's wonderful. Grammar
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
mus • tache / mAstrej /
[count]
the hair above a man's mouth, below his nose
mus • tard / ' mAstard /
[noncount]
a thick, yellow sauce with a very strong taste, which you eat with meat
must • n't / ' mAsnt /
mut • ter / ' mAtar /
( mut - ters , mut ter - ing , mut tered )
to speak in a low, quiet voice that is difficult to hear
mu • tu • al aw Ц / ' myutjual /
1 If a feeling or action is mutual , it is felt or done by both people involved
don't like her, and I'm sure the feeling is mutual (= she doesn't like me either ) .
shared by two or more people
my Ф / mai /
my .self Ф / mai self /
1 a word that shows the same person as the one who is speaking
bought myself a new shirt.
a word that makes "I" stronger
live by myself. —SYNONYM alone
without help
mys .te .ri .OUS Ф /mi'stiriss/
Something that is mysterious is strange and you do not know about it or understand it
mys • te • ri • ous • ly / mi ' stiriasli / adverb The plane disappeared mysteriously.
mys • ter • y / ' mistari /
something strange that you cannot understand or explain
myth / mie /
( english language arts ) a very old story
a story or belief that is not true
my • thol • o • gy / mi ' ealad3i /
( english language arts ) the very old stories of a particular culture or society
my • tho • log • ical / ш^э ' lad3ikl /
Nn
N, n / en /
the fourteenth letter of the English alphabet
nail Ф/neii/
[count]
the hard part at the end of a finger or toe
a small, thin piece of metal with one sharp end, which you hit into wood (with a tool called a hammer ) to attach things together
nail
nail clip • pers / 'neil |kliparz /
a metal tool you use for cutting the nails on your fingers and toes
nail file / ' neil fail /
a small flat object with a rough surface that you use for shaping your nails
nail pol • ish / 'neil palij /
a liquid that people put on their nails to give them color
na • ive ( also na • ive ) / na 'iv ; nai 'iv /
na • ive • ly ( also na • ive ly ) / na'ivli ; nai 'ivli /
not wearing any clothes. —SYNONYM nude
name lO / neim/
[ count ] a word or words that you use to call or talk about a person or thing
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
[ singular ] what people think or say about someone or something
[ count ] a famous person
call someone names
to say bad, unkind words about someone
name 2 © / neim /
to give a name to someone or something
to know and say the name of someone or something The professor could name every one of his 60 students.
name • ly / ' neimli /
You use namely when you are going to name a person or
thing that you have just said something about
nan • ny / ' nsni/
a woman whose job is to take care of the children in a family
nap / nsp /
a short sleep during the day
nap • kin / ' nжpkэn /
a piece of cloth or paper that you use when you are eating to clean your mouth and hands and to keep your clothes clean
nar • cot • ic / nar ' katik/
way
nar • rate / ' nsreit /
nar • ra • tion / ns' reijn /
nar • ra • tor / ' nsreitar /
the person who tells a story or explains what is happening in a play, movie, etc.
nar • ra • tive / ' nsretiv /
( english language arts ) the description of events in a story
ПЭГ . rOW © / паеroo /
( nar • row • er , nar • row • est )
not far from one side to the other
by a small amount
nar • row • ly / ' nsrouli /
only by a small amount
nar • row-mind • ed / |nsrou ' maIndэd /
not wanting to accept ideas or opinions that are different from your own
( biology ) connected with the nose
nas • ty / ' nssti /
bad; not nice
—SYNONYM horrible
na .tion © / 'neijn/
( politics ) a country and all the people who live in it
na .tion .al © / 'naejbnl /
( politics ) connected with all of a country; typical of a country
— Look
na • tion • al • ly / ' пж/эпэИ / adverb to advertise something nationally
na • tion • al an • them / дж/эы ' жпээш /
( music ) the official song of a country
na • tion • al • ism / ' пж/эпЬкэш /
[noncount]
( politics ) a feeling of love for your own country, or a feeling that your country is better than any other country
na • tion • al • is • tic / дж/эт ' listik /
na • tion • al • i • ty / ^ж/э' nsbti
( politics ) the state of belonging to a certain country
na • tion • al park / ^ж/эы ' park /
[ count ]
a large area of beautiful land that is protected by the government so that people can enjoy it
na • tive 2 / ' neitiv /
[count]
a person who was born in a place
Na • tive A • mer • i • can / neitiv э ' me^n /
a member of the group of people who were living in America before people from Europe arrived there
na • tive speak • er / |neitiv ' spikэr /
[ count ]
( english language arts ) a person who speaks a language as their first language
nat . U . ral © / naetjbrol /
1 made by nature, not by people
normal or usual
—ANTONYM unnatural
that you had from the time you were born, or that was easy for you to learn
nat • u • ral • ize / ' nretjrslaiz /
( politics ) to make someone a citizen of a country where he or she was not born
nat • u • ral • ly / ' nretjrsli /
in a way that you would expect Naturally, I get upset when things go wrong.
—SYNONYM of course
in a way that is not made or caused by people
in a normal way
na .ture © / ncitjor/ noun
[ noncount ] all the plants, animals, etc. in the world and all the things that happen in it that are not made or caused by people
[ count, noncount ] the way a person or thing is Our cat has a very friendly nature.
Collocations
The Natural World
animals
animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something) birds fly/sing/nest/migrate insects crawl/fly/bite/sting hunt/capture/kill prey lay/fertilize eggs plants and fungi trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower a seed sprouts
leaves/buds/shoots appear/develop/form a fungus grows/spreads pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant produce/spread pollen/seeds
naugh • ty / ' noti /
A naughty child does bad things or does not do what you ask them to do
nau • se • a / ' nozis /
[noncount]
( health ) the feeling that you are going to vomit (= bring up food from your stomach )
connected with a navy
na • vel / ' neivl/
( biology ) the small hole in the middle of your stomach —SYNONYM belly button nav • i • gate / ' nrevsgeit /
to use a map or some other method to find which way a
ship, an airplane, or a car should go
nav • i • ga • tion / ,n®vs ' geijn /
nav • i • ga • tor / ' nrevsgeitsr /
a person who decides which way a vehicle should go
Па • Vy ©/ 'neivi /
na • vy blue / ,neivi ' blu / ( also na . vy )
dark blue
not far away in distance or time
near . by © / 'mrbpai/
not far away; close
near • by / ,nir ' bai /
not nearly
not at all
near • sight • ed / ' nir,saitsd /
( health ) If you are nearsighted , you can see things clearly when they are close to you but not when they are far
away. —ANTONYM farsighted
neat © / nit /
with everything in the right place and done carefully
( informal ) good; nice That's a really neat car!
neat • ly / ' nitli / adverb Write your name neatly.
nec • es • sar • i • ly / ,ness ' sersli /
not necessarily
not always
nec .es .sar .y © / 'nesa.seri/
Spelling
Remember! You spell necessary with one C and SS .
If something is necessary , you must have it or do it
ne • ces • si • ty / na 'sesati /
neck © / nek /
the part of your body between your shoulders and your head
the part of a piece of clothing that goes around your neck
the thin part at the top of a bottle neck and neck
equal or level with someone or something in a race or competition
neck • lace / ' neklas /
a piece of jewelry that you wear around your neck
a long, thin piece of cloth that you wear around your neck with a shirt
—SYNONYM tie
nec • tar • ine / |nekta 'rin /
a soft, round, red and yellow fruit with smooth skin and a large hard part (called a pit ) in the center
need i ©/ nid /verb
( needs,need - ing ,need - ed )
If you need something, you must have it
If you need to do something, you must do it James is very sick. He needs to go to the hospital.
need 2 © / nid /
[ noncount , singular ] a situation in which you must have something or do something
needs [ plural ] the things that you must have
[ noncount ] the state of not having enough food, money, or support
nee .die © /'nidi/
a small, thin piece of metal that you use for sewing cloth
a small, thin piece of metal that forms part of an instrument
a very thin, pointed leaf on a tree that stays green all year
need • less / nidlas /
not necessary; able to be avoided
need • less • ly / ' nidlasli / adverb Many people died needlessly.
ne .да .tive 1©Ј J/'negatr
bad or harmful
only thinking about the bad qualities of someone or something
using words like "no," "not," and "never" "I don't like fish" is a negative sentence.
( health ) (used about a medical test) showing that something has not happened or is not there
( math ) (used about a number) less than zero —ANTONYM positive
ne • ga • tive 2 AWL / ' negativ /
a word, phrase, or sentence that says or means "no" or "not"
a piece of film that we use to make a photograph. On a negative , dark things are light and light things are dark.
ne • glect / ni ' glekt /
to not take care of someone or something
to not do something that you should do
ne • glect noun [ noncount ] The house was in a state of neglect.
ne • glect • ed / ni ' glektad / adjective neglected children
ne • go • ti • ate / na ' goujieit / ( ne - go . ti - ates , ne go ti at ing , ne - go - ti - at ed )
to reach an agreement by talking with other people
ne • go • ti • a • tion / na|gouji ' eijn /
[ count, noncount ]
neigh / nei /
When a horse neighs , it makes a long, high sound. neigh
neigh .bor © / neibar /
a person who lives near you
a person or thing that is next to or near another
neigh • bor • hood / neibarhud /
[count]
a part of a town or city; the people who live there
neigh • bor • ing / ' neibarig /
near or next to
nei .ther 1 Ф" / 'шбэг/
nei .ther 2© / 'шбэг /
also not
ne • on / ' nian /
a type of gas that is used in bright lights and signs
neph • eW / ' nefyu/
the son of your brother or sister
nerd / nard /
a person who spends a lot of time on a particular interest and who is not popular or fashionable —SYNONYM geek
nerd • y / ' nardi / adjective
nerve © / поп / noun
[ count ] ( biology ) one of the long thin things inside your body that carry feelings and messages to and from your brain
nerves [ plural ] feelings of being worried or afraid John breathed deeply to calm his nerves .
[ noncount ] the state of being brave or calm when there is danger
to make someone feel a little angry
nerve-rack • ing / ' narv |r®kig /
making you very nervous or worried
nerv .OUS Ф / norms /
worried or afraid
( biology ) connected with the nerves in your body
nerv • ous • ly / ' narvasli /
nerv • ous • ness / ' narvasnas /
ner • vous break • doWn
/ |narvas ' breikdaun / ( also break • down )
-ness
( in nouns ) a state or quality of something
nest 1 / nest /
a place where a bird keeps its eggs and babies
the home of certain animals or insects
nest 2 / nest /
net Ф / net /
[ count ] material that has large spaces between the threads; a piece of this material that we use for a particular purpose
Look at the picture at tennis .
the Net [ singular ] ( computers ) = the Internet net • Work aw щ / ' netwark /
a number of things or people that form a single system or that are connected
a group of connected TV or radio companies that shows the same programs in different parts of a country
1 not supporting either side in an argument or war
don't take sides when my brothers argue — I stay neutral .
having or showing no strong qualities, emotions, or color
neu • tral 2 AWL / ' nutral /
the position in which no power is being sent from a vehicle's engine to its wheels
neu • tron / ' nutran /
( chemistry , physics ) a very small piece of matter with no electric charge, found in all atoms
Look
nev • er • the • less |aWl| / ^eva^a'les /
despite what has just been said
new
1 not existing before
bought a new pair of shoes yesterday.
different from before
3 doing something for the first time
new • com • er / ' nukлmэr /
a person who has just come to a place
new • ly / ' nuli /
not long ago
new • ly • wed / ' nuliwed /
a person who has recently married
news Ф / nuz /
1 [ noncount ] information about things that have just happened
have some good news for you.
the news [ singular ] a program on television or radio that tells people about important things that have just happened
to be the first person to tell someone about something important
news • cast / ' nuzksst /
a news program on TV or radio ► news • cast • er / ' nuzkжstэr /
a person who reads the news on TV or radio
news . pa . per ® / 'nuzpeipsr /
( also pa • per / ' peIpэr / ) [ count ] large pieces of paper with news, advertisements, and other things printed on them
[ noncount ] paper taken from old newspapers
news • stand / ' nuz|stsnd /
a type of small store that is open at the front and sells newspapers, magazines, etc.
new year ( also New Year ) / ' nu yir /
[ singular ]
next 1 © / nekst /
coming after this one
nearest to this one I live in the next town.
next to someone or something at the side of someone or something
next 2 © / nekst /
straight after this
next 3© / nekst/
next door / |nekst dor /
in or to the nearest house
nib • ble / ' nibl /
to eat something in very small bites
nice © / nais /
words that show that you like something
nice • ly / ' naisli /
nick • el / ' niki /
[ count ] a coin that is worth five cents — Look
[ noncount ] (
nick • name / ' nikneim /
A nickname is a name that your friends or family sometimes call you instead of your real name:
nick • name
( nick • names , nick • nam • ing , nick named )
nic • o • tine / ' шЬэйп /
( HEALTH ) a poisonous chemical in cigarettes that makes it difficult to stop smoking
niece / nis /
the daughter of your brother or sister
night © / nait /
the part of the day when it is dark and most people sleep
the part of the day between the afternoon and when you go to bed
night • club / ' naitkl\b /
a place where you can go late in the evening to listen to music, dance, etc.
—SYNONYM club
night • gown / ' naitgaun /
a loose dress that a woman or girl wears in bed
night • life / ' naitlaif /
things to do in the evenings in a particular area, such as
dancing or going to clubs
happening or coming every night
night • mare / ' naitmer / noun [ count ]
1 a dream that frightens you
had a nightmare last night.
something that is very bad or that frightens you
night • time / ' nait,taim /
the time when it is dark
—ANTONYM daytime
nine © / nam /
9
ninth / nain6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun
[ count ]
9th
nine .teen © / ^ain'tin/
nine • teenth / ,nain ' tin6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
19th
nine .ty Ф / 'nainti/
90
the nineties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperatures between 90 and 99
in your nineties
nine • ti • eth / ' naintis6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
90th
nip / nip / verb ( nips , nip . ping , nipped )
to give someone a quick, painful bite
nip • ple / ' nipl/
one of the two small dark circles on either side of your chest. A baby can get milk from its mother through the nipples .
ni • trate / ' naitreit /
(CHEMISTRY) a chemical substance that contains nitrogen . Nitrates are often used to improve the quality of soil.
ni • tro • gen / ' naitrsd3sn /
( CHEMISTRY ) the gas that forms about 80% of the earth's atmosphere
used for giving a negative reply or statement "Do you want a drink?" "No, thank you." "Can I borrow the car?" "No, you can't."
—ANTONYM yes
something that you say when something bad happens or something surprises or shocks you
1 not one; not any
have no money — my purse is empty. No visitors may enter without a ticket. My house is no bigger than yours.
used for saying that something is not allowed
no • ble / ' noubl /
good, honest, and caring about other people
belonging to the highest social class, in some countries
no • bod • У 1 © / 'noubvdi; 'noubadi /
no person; not anyone
—SYNONYM no one
no • bod • y 2 / ' noub.di ; ' noubadi /
a person who is not important or famous
nod / nad /
to move your head down and up again quickly as a way of saying "yes" or "hello" to someone
nod
noise © / noiz /
no is .y © / noizi/
—ANTONYM quiet
nois • i • ly / ' noizsli / adverb He ate his dinner noisily.
no • mad / ' noumred /
a member of a group of people that moves with its animals from place to place
no • mad • ic / nou ' mredik /
nom • i • nate / ' namsneit /
( POLITICS ) to suggest that someone or something should be given a job, a prize, etc.
► nom • i • na • tion / |nama ' neijn /
[ count, noncount ]
non-
not
non • al • co • hol / |nan®lka ' holik ;
|nan®lka ' halik /
(used about drinks) not containing alcohol
—ANTONYM alcoholic
non • count noun / |nankaunt naun / ( also un - count a ble noun )
Look
ПОПе Ф / плп/
none • the • less aw / |nAnda ' les /
anyway; despite what has just been said
—SYNONYM nevertheless
non • ex • ist • ent / | nanig zistant /
not existing or not available
non • fic • tion / |nan ' fikjn /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) writing that is about real people, events, and facts
—ANTONYM fiction
ПОП . sense © / 'nansens /
words or ideas that have no meaning or that are not true
silly or bad behavior
noo • dles / ' nudlz /
long thin pieces of food made from flour, egg, and water that are cooked in water or used in soups
noon / nun /
twelve o'clock in the middle of the day
Look at midnight .
no one О / ' nou wAn /
no person; not anyone
^SYNONYM nobody nor Ф / nor /
norm AWL / norm /
a way of behaving that is normal or accepted
nor .mal О E / ' norml /
usual and ordinary; not different or special
nor • mal • ly О AWL / ' normali /
1 usually
normally go to bed at about eleven o'clock.
in the usual or ordinary way
( GEOGRAPHY ) the direction to your left when you watch the sun rise; a place in this direction
Look at the picture at compass .
north • east ( also North - east ) / |nor6 'ist /
north • east adjective, adverb
north • east • ern / |nor6 ' istarn /
north .ern Ф / 'пэгбэт/
( GEOGRAPHY ) connected with, in, or from the north
north • ern • er ( also North - ern - er )
/ ' nordarnar /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a person who is from or who lives in the northern part of a country
—ANTONYM southerner
the North Pole / da |nor6 ' poul / [ singular ]
( GEOGRAPHY ) the point on the earth's surface which is farthest north
Look
north • west ( also North - west ) / |nor6 ' west /
north • west adjective, adverb
north • west • ern / |nor6 ' westarn /
nose Ф / nouz /
the part of your face above your mouth, which you use for breathing and smelling
the front part of an airplane
nose • bleed / ' nouzblid /
( HEALTH ) a flow of blood that comes from your nose
nos • tal • gi • a / na' stжldзэ /
a feeling of pleasure, mixed with sadness, when you remember happy times in the past ► nos • tal • gic / na' stsld3ik /
nos • tril / ' nastrel /
one of the two holes in your nose
nos • y / ' nouzi /
too interested in other people's lives and business
not О / nat /
We often say and write n't :
not at all
used as a way of saying "no" or "definitely not"
used as a reply when someone has thanked you for something
words you use to show that there is something important to add
note 1Ф / nout /
1 words that you write quickly to help you remember
something
made a note of her address. The teacher told us to take notes .
a short letter
a short piece of extra information about something in a book
( MUSIC ) one sound in music; the written symbol for one sound
note 2 / nout /
to notice and remember something
2 ( COMPUTERS ) a very small computer that you can carry with you and use anywhere
note • pad / ' noutpsd /
[count]
pieces of paper that you can write on, joined together in a block
note • pa • per / ' nout|peIpэr /
paper that you write letters on
noth . ing © / 'плбщ /
not anything; no thing
for nothing
for no money
without a good result
to have no connection with someone or something
only
nothing like
not the same as someone or something in any way
no .tice 1Ф / 'noutss /
no • tice 2 / ' nou^s /
1 [ noncount ] the act of paying attention to someone or something
didn't take any notice of what she said.
[ count ] a piece of writing that tells people something
[ noncount ] a warning that something will happen; the amount of time before it happens
no • tice • a • ble / ' noutэsэbl /
easy to see
no • tion AWL / ' noujn /
[count]
something that you have in your mind; an idea
no • to • ri • ous / nou ' te^s /
well known for being bad
not • With • stand • ing awl
despite something; not being affected by something
noun / naun /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a word that is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea
nour • ish / ' narif /
to give someone or something the right kind of food so that they can grow and be healthy
► nour • ish • ment / ' nanfmant /
Nov.
nOV .el 1 Ф / 'navl/
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a book that tells a story about
people and things that are not real
new, different, and interesting
nov • el • ist / ' navalist /
nov • el • ty / ' navlti / ( )
[ noncount ] the quality of being new and different
[ count ] something new and unusual
No .vem .ber Ф /nou'vembsr/
[ count, noncount ] (
now 1 Ф / nao /
1 at this time
can't see you now — can you come back later?
used when you start to talk about something new, or to make people listen to you
noW and then ; noW and again
sometimes, but not often
noW 2 / nau / ( also now that )
because something has happened
noW • a • days / ' nauadeiz /
at this time
no .where Ф / nouwer /
noWhere near
not at all
nu • cle .ЯГ Ф / nuklior/
( PHYSICS )
using the energy that is made when the central part of an atom is broken
connected with the center of atoms
nu • cle • us / ' nuklias/
(
not wearing any clothes —SYNONYM naked
nu • di • ty / ' nudati /
nudge / n\d3 /
(nudg • es,nudg ing,nudged )
to touch or push someone or something with your elbow (= the middle part of your arm where it bends )
nudge noun [ count ] Liz gave me a nudge.
nug • get / ' nAgat /
a small lump of a valuable metal, especially gold, that is found in the earth
nui • sance / ' nusns /
a person or thing that causes you trouble
num .ber i© / ' плшЬэг /
1 [ count ] (
live at no. 47.
[ count, noncount ] a group of more than one person or thing
num • ber 2 / ' плшЬэг /
to give a number to something Number the pages from one to ten.
a word you use to say how many people or things there are
nu • mer • al / ' numaral /
( MATH ) a sign or symbol that represents a quantity
nu • mer • a • tor / ' numareitar /
( MATH ) the number above the line in a fraction , for example the 3 in %
nu • mer • i • cal / nu merikl /
connected with or shown by numbers
nu • mer • ous / ' numsrss /
many
nun / n\n /
( RELIGION ) a woman who has given her life to God instead of getting married. Most nuns live together in a special building (called a convent ).
nurse 1 О / nsrs /
nurse 2 / nsrs /
( HEALTH ) to take care of someone who is sick or hurt
nurs • e • ry / ' nsrssri /
a bedroom for a baby
a place where people grow and sell plants
nurs • er • y rhyme / ' nsrssri raim /
a song or poem for young children
nurs • er • y school / nsrssri skul /
a school for children between the ages of about two and five —SYNONYM preschool
nurs • ing / ' nsrsig /
( HEALTH ) the job of being a nurse
nurs • ing home / ' nsrsig houm
( HEALTH ) a place where people who are too old or too sick to live on their own can live and be taken care of
nut Ф / n\t /
a dry fruit that has a hard outside part with a seed inside. Many types of nuts can be eaten
a metal ring that you put on the end of a long piece of metal (called a bolt ) to fix things together
nu • tri • ent / ' nutrisnt /
( BIOLOGY , HEALTH ) a substance that someone or something needs to live and grow
nu • tri • tious / nu' trijss /
(used about food) good for you
crazy
ny • lon / nailan /
[ noncount ] very strong material that is made by machines and is used for making clothes, rope, brushes, and other things
nylons [ plural ]
Oo
O, o / ou /
the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet
a way of saying the number "o"
oak / ouk /
[ count ] a kind of large tree
[ noncount ] the wood of an oak tree
oar / or /
a long stick with a flat end that you use for moving a boat through water ( rowing ) — Look
o • a • sis / ou 'eisss /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a place in a desert that has trees and water
oath / ou6 /
under oath
If you are under oath , you have made a formal promise to tell the truth in a court of law
oat • meal / outmil /
a soft, thick food that is made from oats cooked with water or milk and eaten hot for breakfast
oats / outs /
a plant with seeds that we use as food for people and animals
• be • di • ent / ou ' bidiant /
doing what someone tells you to do
—ANTONYM disobedient
o • be • di • ence / ou bidians /
—ANTONYM disobedience
o • be • di • ent • ly / ou ' bidiantli /
called the dog and it followed me obediently.
( HEALTH ) (used about people) very fat, in a way that is not
healthy
Thesaurus
fat is a general word to describe a person who has a large round body, but it is not polite to say to someone that they are fat:
overweight is a little more polite, and is also a word used by doctors or health professionals:
obese means very fat, in a way that is not healthy. This word is often used by doctors and health professionals, but is also used in a general way to mean "very fat":
►o • be • si • ty / ou 'bisati/
• bey / ou ' bei /
( o beys , o bey - ing , o - beyed )
to do what someone tells you to do; to follow an order or rule
Ob . jeCt 1 © / 'abd3ekt /
When the word object is a noun, you say the first part of the word louder: OBject . When the word object is a verb, you say the second part of the word louder: obJECT .
a thing that you can see and touch There was a small round object on the table.
what you plan to do
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the person or thing that is affected by an action. In the sentence "Susan painted the door," the object of the sentence is "the door."
— Look
ob • ject 2 / ab ' d3ekt /
to not like something; to not agree with something
ob • jec • tion / ab'd3ekjn /
[ count, noncount ]
a reason why you do not like something or do not agree with something
ob • jec • tive 1 Awl / ab'd3ektiv /
ob • jec • tive 2 Awl / ab ' d3ektiv /
based on the facts, not on your own feelings and opinions
—ANTONYM subjective
► ob • jec • tive • ly AWL| / ab ' d3ektivli /
ob • li • gat • ed / ' ablageitad /
If you are obligated to do something, you have to do it because of a rule or law, or because it is the right thing to do
ob • li • ga • tion / |abla' geijn /
[ count, noncount ] something that you must do
o • blig • a • to • ry / a ' bliga|tori /
If something is obligatory , you must do it because it is the law or a rule. —SYNONYM compulsory
o • blige / a ' blaid3 /
to force someone to do something
o • bliv • i • ous / a ' blivias /
not noticing or realizing something
ob • long / ' ablog /
any shape that is longer than it is wide
ob • nox • ious / ab ' nakjas /
extremely unpleasant
• boe / oubou /
( MUSIC ) a musical instrument made of wood that you play by blowing into it
connected with sex in a way that is rude or that shocks people
ob • ser • vant / ab ' zarvant /
ob • ser • va • tion / |abzar veijn /
[ noncount ] when you watch someone or something carefully
—SYNONYM comment
ob • serve / эЬ ' zэrv /
( ob • serves , ob serv • ing , ob • served )
ob • serv • er / эЬ ' zэrvэr / noun [ count ] a person who watches someone or something According to observers, the fire started around midnight.
ob • sess / эЬ ' ses /
ob • ses • sion / эЬ ' sejn /
a person or thing that you think about all the time
ob • sta • cle / ' abstэkl /
something that makes it difficult for you to do something or go somewhere
ob • sti • nate / ' аbstэnэt /
not changing your ideas; not doing what other people want you to do
ob • struct / эЬ ' stmkt /
to be in the way, so that someone or something cannot go past
ob • struc • tion / эЬ ' st^k/n /
ob .tain © / sb'tein /
ob • tuse an • gle / ab' tus |®ggl /
( MATH ) an angle of more than 90° but less than 180°
Ob .Vi .OUS © / 'abviss/
easy to see or understand
^SYNONYM clear
ob • vi • ous • ly AWL / ' ab^sH / adverb There has obviously been a mistake.
ОС .ca .sion © / э'ке^п/
a time when something happens
a special time
oc • ca • sion • al / э ' ke^nl /
happening sometimes, but not very often
oc • ca • sion • al • ly / э ' ke^^li /
oc • cu • pant AWL / ' аkyэpэnt /
a person who lives or works in a particular room, house, or building
oc • cu • pa • tion AWL / ^уэ' peijn /
[count] (
a job
[ noncount ] when a country or army takes or has control of an area or building
oc • cu • py AWL / ' аkyэpaI /
to fill a space or period of time
—SYNONYM take up
(
to keep someone busy She occupied herself reading.
to take or have control of an area or building
► oc • cu • pied AWLl / ' akyэpaId /
being used
busy
oc • cur © AWL / э ' Ьэп /
to happen
occur to someone
to come into someone's mind
oc • cur • rence AWL / э 'Ьэгэш /
something that happens
.cean © / 'oujn/
[ noncount ] the salt water that covers most of the surface of the earth
Ocean [ count ] one of the five large areas of salt water on Earth
o'clock / э klak /
Be careful! O'clock is only used with full hours. You cannot say "at five thirty o'clock."
oc • ta • gon
/ aktsgan /
Oc .to . ber © / ak'toubr/
[ count, noncount ] (
oc • to • pus / ' aktspss /
squid
an ocean animal with a soft body and eight long arms (called tentacles )
octopus
odd © ИП L / ad /
strange or unusual
( MATH ) not able to be divided by two
the odd one out
one that is different from all the others
odd • ly / ' adli /
in a strange or unusual way
odds aw п / adz /
used for saying how likely something is
odds and ends (
different small things that are not important
• dor / ' oudsr /
a smell, especially a bad smell Of© / sv ; av /
belonging to or connected with someone or something
used for saying what something is or what something is made of
used for showing that someone or something is part of a group
used after an amount, etc.
used with some adjectives and verbs
used for giving your opinion about someone's behavior
down or away from something
used for talking about removing something
—ANTONYM on
away from a place; at a distance in space or time
joined to something and leading from it
not connected; not working
—ANTONYM on
not at work or school
(used about a plan or arrangement) not going to happen anymore; canceled
—ANTONYM on
of • fend / s ' fend / ( of • fends, of fend • ing , of • fend • ed )
to make someone feel angry or unhappy; to hurt someone's feelings
a person who breaks a law
of .fense © / s fens /
[ count ] an illegal action He has committed an offense .
—SYNONYM crime
[ noncount ] when a person is angry or unhappy because of what someone has said or done
/ ' afens / [ noncount , singular ] ( SPORTS ) the players on a sports team who try to score points
of • fen • sive / s fensiv /
rude in a way that makes someone feel upset, angry, or insulted
used for or connected with attacking
—ANTONYM defensiveof .fer 1 © / of о г; 'afor /
to say or show that you will do or give something if another person wants it
of .fer 2 © / of о г; 'afar /
[count]
when you offer to do or give something if another person wants it
an amount of money that you say you will give for something
of .f ice © / 'ofOS ; 'ufos /
1 [ count ] a place where people work, usually at desks
work in an office.
[ count ] a place where you can buy something or get information
[ noncount ] ( POLITICS ) an official position, often as part of a government or other organization
of .fi .cer © / 'ofosor; 'ufosor /
a person in the army, navy, or air force who gives orders to other people
a person who does important work, especially for the government
= police officer
of .fi .cial 1 © / o'fijl /
connected with government, or with a particular organization or person in authority
of.fi .cial 2©/o'fiji/ noun
[ count ]
a person who does important work, especially for the
government
of .fi .cial .ly © / a'fijsli/
done by the government, or by someone in authority
of . ten © / 'ofn; 'afn /
many times
every so often
used for showing a strong feeling, like surprise or fear
used before other words, for example when you are thinking of what to say
Oh Well
used when you are not happy about something, but you cannot change it
Oil © / oil /
( CHEMISTRY ) a thick liquid that comes from under the ground or the ocean. We use oil for energy and to make machines work smoothly.
( BIOLOGY ) a thick liquid that comes from plants or animals and that we use in cooking
oil paint • ing / ' oil peintig /
( ART ) a picture that has been done with paint made from oil
oil rig / ' oil rig /
a large structure with special equipment for bringing oil out of the ground
oil Well / 'oil wel /
oil • y / ' oili /
like oil, or covered with oil
oint • ment / ' ointmant
( HEALTH ) a smooth substance that you put on sore skin or on an injury to help it get better
OK 1» (also о . kay ) / oo'kei /
yes
OK 2 w (also о . kay ) / oo'kei /
safe and well; calm or happy "How's your mom?" "OK, thanks."
all right; acceptable Is it okay to sit here?
—SYNONYM all right
old© / ould /
having lived for a long time My grandfather is very old. My sister is older than me.
—ANTONYM young
made or bought a long time ago
—ANTONYM new
You use old to show the age of someone or something
done or had before now
—ANTONYM new
known for a long time
old people
old age / |ould eid3 /
—ANTONYM youth
old-fash .ioned © / |ould ' fre/and /
not modern
ol • ive / ' aliv/
a small green or black fruit that people eat or make into oil
SUFFIX
-ology
( in nouns ) the subject of study
the O • lym • pic Games/di aiimpik ' geimz /
( also the O - lym - pics / di a 'limpiks / )
O • lym • pic / a ' limpik /
om • e • let ( also om . e - lette ) / ' amlat /
a dish made of eggs mixed together and then fried
• mit / ou ' mit /
( o mits , o - mit ting , o - mit - ted )
to not include something
—SYNONYM leave out
om • ni • vore / ' amn^vor /
( BIOLOGY ) an animal that eats both plants and meat — Look
om • niv • o • rous / ^m1 nivaras /
used for showing where something is
have a cut on my hand.
used with ways of traveling and types of travel
used for showing when My birthday is on May 6. I'll see you on Monday.
working; being used
covering your body
about something
happening or planned What's on at the movie theater?
—ANTONYM off
using something
used for showing that someone or something continues
soon after
on and on
without stopping
ОПСе 1 Ф / wrns /
one time
at some time in the past This house was once a school.
all at once
(
at the same time
this time only
once again ; once more
again; one more time
once and for all
now and for the last time
once in a while
sometimes, but not often
once or twice
a few times; not often
once upon a time
(used at the beginning of a children's story) a long time ago
as soon as; when
the number 1
a person or thing, especially when they are part of a group
only
used for talking about a particular time, without saying exactly when
one by one
first one, then the next, etc.; separately
one or two
a few
опе 2 ф / waii /
bought some bananas. Do you want one? "Can I borrow a book?" "Yes. Which one?"
( formal ) people in general; I Exercise makes one physically Jit. STYLE
It is very formal to use one in this way and it sounds old-fashioned. We usually say "you" for "people in general" and "I" when you are talking about yourself.
one an • oth • er / ,wAn s ' nAdsr /
one • self / wAn ' self /
used with "one" for saying that an action involves the person doing it
by oneself
alone; without other people
without help
one-way / ,wAn wei /
allowing travel in one direction only
on • go • ing AWL| / ' angouig /
ОП . ion © / Чпуэп/
Look at the picture at vegetable .
browse/surf/search the Internet/the Web check out/visit a website/someone's blog click/click on/follow a link start/have/write/read a blog chatting and sharing chat with someone/your friends online meet someone in/enter a chat room download/upload music/a song/a video/a photo post a comment/a message share information/files
on . ly 1 © / 'ounli/
with no others
and no one or nothing else; no more than
if only
words you use to say that you wish something would happen or be true
on • ly child / ,ounli ' tjaild /
ОП .tO © / 'anto ; 'antu /
on • Ward/ ' anwsrd / (also on • wards / ' anwsrdz / )
and after
forward
a word you say when you have, or almost have, a small accident, or when you break something, etc.
ooze / uz /
If a thick liquid oozes from something, it comes out slowly
to show a lot of a particular quality
If something is opaque , you cannot see through it
—ANTONYM transparent
. pen 1 Ф / 'оирэп /
not closed, so that people or things can go in or out
able to be used or done; available The bank is open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
not hiding your thoughts and feelings
away from towns and people; with not many buildings or trees
not yet decided
outside
. pen 2 Ф/ 'оирэп /
( o • pens , o • pen • ing , o • pened )
to move, or to move something, so that something is not closed or covered
to make it possible for people to enter a place
to start something; to start I'd like to open a bank account.
—ANTONYM close , shut
o • pen 3 / ' oupэn /
out in the open
outside
not hidden or secret
not inside a building
o • pen • er / ' oupэnэr /
a small tool that you use for opening cans or bottles
• pen • ing / ' oupэnщ /
a space in something where people or things can go in and out
a ceremony to celebrate the start of a public event or the first time a new building, road, etc. is used
o • pen • ly / ' oupэnli /
not secretly; without trying to hide anything
open-minded / |Oupэn ' maindid /
ready to consider new ideas and opinions —ANTONYM narrow-minded
• pe • ra / ' apre /
( MUSIC ) a play where the actors sing most of the words to music
op .er .ate ф / 'aporeit/
to work; to make something work
don't know how this machine operates. These switches operate the heat.
( HEALTH ) to cut into someone's body to take out or repair a part inside
A doctor who operates on people in a hospital is called a surgeon . A surgeon's work is called surgery .
op .er .a .tion Ф/ ^ps'reijn/
( HEALTH ) cutting into someone's body to take out or repair a part inside
an event that needs a lot of people or planning
op • er • a • tor / ' apэreItэr /
a person who makes a machine work
a person who works for a telephone company and helps to connect people making calls
a person or company that runs a particular business
О .pin . ion Ф / э'ртуэп /
what you think about something
-►SYNONYM view
o • pos • sum
/ э ' pi^m /
a type of small animal with fur and a long tail that lives in trees
op • po • nent / э 'poumnt /
( SPORTS ) the person against you in a fight or competition
OP - РОГ .tU .ni .ty ,арэг'Шпэй/
[ count, noncount ] (
a chance to do something; a time when you can do
something that you want to do
op • pose / э ' pouz /
to try to stop or change something because you do not like it
disagreeing strongly with something and trying to stop it
words that you use to show that you are talking about one
thing, not something different
Spelling
Remember! You spell opposite with PP .
1 as different as possible
can't walk with you, because I'm going in the opposite direction.
across from where someone or something is; on the other side
op . po . site 2 © / 'apszst /
op • po • si • tion / |apa 'zifn /
disagreeing with something and trying to stop it
op • press / э ' pres / verb ( op • press • es , op • press • ing , op • pressed ) ( POLITICS ) to treat someone in an unfair and cruel way, and not give them the same freedom and rights as other people
op • pressed / э prest /
op • pres • sion / э 'pre/n /
opt / apt /
to choose to do something
op • ti • cal / ' aptikl /
connected with the sense of sight
op • ti • cian / ap ' tifn /
a person who makes and sell glasses
op • ti • mism / ' aptamizam /
the feeling that good things will happen —ANTONYM pessimism
op • ti • mist / ' aptamist /
a person who thinks that good things will happen —ANTONYM pessimist
op • ti • mis • tic / |apta ' mistik /
If you are optimistic , you think that good things will happen
op • tion AWL| / ' apjn/
op • tion • al aw / ' ap/anl /
If something is optional , you can choose it or not choose it
op • tom • e • trist / ap'tamatrist
( HEALTH ) a person who tests your eyes and tells you which glasses, etc. you need
a word that joins possibilities
if not
• ral / ' oral / adjective
spoken; not written
connected with the mouth
or . ange 1 Ф / 'onndj ; 'annd3 /
a round fruit with a color between red and yellow, and a thick skin
a color between red and yellow
or .ange 2ф / 'эш^з; 'annd3/
with a color that is between red and yellow
or • bit / ' orbat /
( PHYSICS ) the path of a planet or an object that is moving around another thing in space
► or • bit
or • chard / ' ortfard / [count]
a piece of land where fruit trees grow
or • ches • tra / ' orkastra /
( MUSIC ) a big group of people who play different musical instruments together Word building An orchestra is made up of four sections. The strings section includes violins and cellos. The woodwind section includes clarinets and flutes. The brass section includes trumpets and trombones. The percussion section includes drums and cymbals.
or • deal / or' dil /
a very bad experience
or .der 1 Ф / 'ordor/
[ noncount ] the way that you place people or things together
[ noncount ] when everything is in the right place or everyone is doing the right thing
—ANTONYM disorder
[ count ] words that tell someone to do something
[ count ] when you ask a company to send or supply goods to you
[ count ] when you ask for food or drink in a restaurant, bar, etc.
in order to
so that you can do something
out of order
or .der 2О/ ordor/
( or - ders, or - der ing, or - dered )
to tell someone that they must do something The student was ordered to leave the classroom.
to ask a company to send or supply goods to you The store didn't have your book, so I ordered it for you.
to ask for food or drink in a restaurant, bar, etc.
or • di • nal num • ber / ' ordani ^mbar /
( MATH ) a number that shows the position of something in a series. "First," "second," "third," and "fourth" are ordinal numbers.
— Look
Or.di.nar.yO/ ordn.ri /
not special or unusual
—SYNONYM normal
out of the ordinary
unusual
ore / or /
( GEOGRAPHY ) rock or earth from which you get metal
or • gan / ' organ /
a part of your body that has a special purpose, for example your heart
( MUSIC ) a musical instrument, usually in a church, that is played like a piano
or • gan • ic / or' grenik /
grown in a natural way, without using chemicals
( BIOLOGY ) containing living things Improve the soil by adding organic matter . ► or • gan • i • cal • ly / or'grenikli / adverb organically grown vegetables
or • gan • ism / ' organizam /
( BIOLOGY ) a living thing, especially a very small one that you can only see with a special instrument (called a microscope )
or .gan .i za .tion Ф/ .огдэпэ'нягп/ noun
[ count ] a group of people who work together for a special purpose
[ noncount ] the activity of planning or arranging something; the way that something is planned or arranged
or .gan .ize Ф / 'orgsnaiz/
to plan or arrange something
to put or arrange things into a system or order
or .gan .ized © / organaizd /
1 with everything planned or arranged
2 (used about a person) able to plan your work, life, etc. well
• ri • ent • ed AWL / ' orientad /
for, or interested in, a particular type of person or thing
or • i • gin / 'orad3in /
the time, way, or place that something first existed
the country, race, culture, etc. that a person comes from
rig i nal © / a rid3anl /
first; earliest
have the car now, but my sister was the original owner.
new and different
real, not copied original paintings
o • rig • i • nal
• rig • i • nal • ly / a ' rid3anali /
in the beginning
or • na • ment / ' ornamant /
a thing that we have because it is beautiful, not because it is useful
or • na • men • tal / |orna ' mentl /
or • phan / orfan /
a child whose parents are dead
or • phan • age / orfanid3 /
a home for children whose parents are dead
os • trich / ' astritf /
a very big bird from Africa that cannot fly but can run fast because it has long legs
can only find one shoe. Have you seen the other one? I saw her on the other side of the road.
not many days ago
in all other ways
in a different way
3 if not
ot • ter / ' atar /
a river animal with brown fur that eats fish
You say " ouch " when you suddenly feel pain
—SYNONYM ow
words that you use to tell or ask someone what is the right thing to do
—SYNONYM should
words that you use to say what you think will happen or what you think is true
—SYNONYM should
Grammar
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
After modal verbs (except ought to ), you use the infinitive without "to":
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
a measure of weight (= 28.35 grams). There are 16 ounces in a pound
another word for fluid ounce a 12-ounce can of cola.
ours Ф / arz ; ' auarz /
our .selves © / ar' selvz ; auar' selvz /
used when you and another person or other people do an action and are also affected by it
a word that makes "we" stronger
by ourselves
without help
alone; without other people
-ous
( in adjectives ) having a particular quality
away from the inside of a place When you go out, please close the door. She opened the box and took out a picture.
—ANTONYM in
not at home or not in the place where you work
—ANTONYM in
not hidden; that you can see
not burning or shining
in a loud voice She cried out in pain.
(used about a player in a game or sport) not allowed to continue playing
out • age / ' autid3 /
[count]
a time when there is no electricity in a building or an area
out • break / autbreik /
[count]
the sudden start of something bad
out • come AWL| / ' autkvm /
[count]
the result or effect of an action or event
—ANTONYM indoor
out • doors / |aut' dorz /
not in a building
—ANTONYM inner
out • er space / |autar 'speis /
out • field / autfild /
( SPORTS ) the part of a baseball field that is farthest away from where the ball is being hit
out • fit / ' autfit /
a set of clothes that you wear together
out • go • ing / |aut ' gouig /
friendly and interested in other people and new experiences
out • grow / ,aut ' grou /
( out • grows , out • grow • ing , out • grew / ,aut ' gru /
has out • grown / ,aut' groun / )
to become too big or too old for something
—SYNONYM grow out of
out • ing / ' autig /
a short trip for pleasure
out • law 1 / ' autlo /
to make something illegal
out • law 2 / ' autlo /
(especially in the past) a person who has done something illegal and is hiding from the police
out • let / ' autlet /
a place on a wall where you can connect electrical equipment to a power supply
out • line / ' autlain /
a line that shows the shape or edge of something
a description of the most important facts or ideas about something
out • look / ' autluk /
1 the way you think or feel about life and the world
try to keep a positive outlook on life.
what will probably happen
words that show where from She took a cake out of the box. She got out of bed.
—ANTONYM into
not in
using something; from
from a number or set
without
because of a particular feeling I was just asking out of curiosity.
out of date / ,aut sv ' deit /
old; not useful, wanted, or allowed now
out • put AWL / ' autput /
[ count, noncount ]
the amount of things that someone or something has made or done
out • ra • geous / aut ' reid3ss /
that shocks you or makes you feel very angry
out • set / autset /
at or from the beginning of something
OUt . Side 1 Ф / 'autsaid ; ,aut'said /
[ count , usually singular ]
the part of something that is away from the middle
—ANTONYM inside
out .side 2О / autsaid /
away from the middle of something
—ANTONYM inside
out . side 3 Ф / 'autsaid ; ,aut'said /
—ANTONYM inside
out • skirts / autsksrts /
out • spo • ken / ,aut' spouksn /
out • stand • ing / ,aut ' strendig /
very good; much better than others
—SYNONYM excellent
out • ward 1 / ' autwsrd /
connected with the way things seem to be
traveling away from a place that you will return to later
out • ward 2 / ' autwsrd / ( also out • wards /
' autwsrdz / )
toward the outside
—ANTONYM inward o • val / ouvl /
( MATH ) with a shape like an egg
OV . en Ф / 'луэп /
a piece of equipment with a door that you use to cook food
in
.Ver 1© / 'oovor/ adverb, preposition
above something; higher than something
on someone or something so that it covers them
across; to the other side of something
to or in a place
down or to the side I fell over in the street.
so that the other side is on top
more than a number, price, etc. She lived in Spain for over 20 years.
used for saying that someone repeats something
not used; remaining
everywhere; in every part
• ver 2 / ' ouvar / adjective
finished
over-
more than is good; too much
on the outside; extra
o • ver • all АИД / |ouvar' ol /
including everything
o • ver • alls / ' ouvarolz /
pants with an extra part that covers your chest, held up by a piece of cloth over each shoulder
o•ver•board / ' ouvarbord /
over the side of a boat and into the water
o • ver • cast / ' ouvarkrest /
(used about the sky) covered with clouds
o • ver • charge / |ouvar ' tfard3 /
( o ver • charg • es , o • ver • charg ing , o • ver charged )
to ask someone to pay too much money for something
o•ver•coat / ' ouvarkout / [count] a long warm coat
o • ver • come / |ouvar ' клш /
( o • ver comes , o • ver • com • ing , o • ver • came
/ |ouvar' keim / has o . ver . come )
to find an answer to a difficult thing in your life; to control something
o • ver • croWd • ed / |ouvar'kraudad /
too full of people
/ |ouvar' dAz / o . ver . did / |ouvar' did / o . ver . do • ing ,
has o • ver • done / |ouvar ' dAn / )
to use or do too much of something
o•ver•dose / ' ouvardous /
( HEALTH ) an amount of a drug or medicine that is too large
and so is not safe
o • ver • due / |ouvar' du /
not done by the expected time
—SYNONYM late
o • ver • es • ti • mate |aw / |ouvar' estameit /
ver • es • ti • mat ed )
to think that someone or something is bigger, better, more important, etc. than they really are
overestimated how far we could get in a day.
—ANTONYM underestimate
o • ver • floW / |ouvar' flou /
( o • ver flows , o • ver flow • ing , o • ver • flowed )
to be so full that there is no space
o • ver • groWn / ^uvar ' groun /
covered with plants that have grown too big
o • ver•head / ' ouvarhed /
► o • ver • head / |ouvar' hed /
• ver•hear / |ouvar' hir /
( o ver • hears , o • ver • hear • ing , o • ver • heard /
|ouvar ' hard / )
to hear what someone is saying when they are speaking to another person
overheard Louise saying that she was unhappy.
o • ver • lap aw / |ouvar' lrep /
( o • ver laps , o • ver lap ping , o • ver lapped )
When two things overlap , part of one thing covers part of
the other thing
o • ver • look / |ouvar' luk /
ver • look • ing , o • ver • looked )
to not see or notice something He overlooked one important fact.
to have a view over something
for or during the night
o • ver • pass / ' ouvarpres /
a bridge that carries a road over other roads
— Look
in, to, or from another country across the ocean
• ver • sleep / ^uvar' slip /
( o ver • sleeps , o • ver • sleep • ing , o • ver • slept
/ |ouvar' slept / )
to sleep too long and not wake up at the right time
overslept and was late for work.
o • ver • throw / |ouvar' 6rou /
( o ver • throws , o • ver • throw • ing , o ver • threw
/ |ouvar' 6ru / has o . ver • thrown / ^uvar' 6roun / ) ( POLITICS ) to remove a leader or government from power, by using force
• ver • time / ' ouvartaim / [noncount]
extra time that you spend at work
have done a lot of overtime this week.
( SPORTS ) extra time that is added to the end of a sports game if there is no winner at the end of the normal period
o • ver • weight / ^uvar' weit /
too heavy or fat
—ANTONYM underweight Thesaurus
fat is a general word to describe a person who has a large round body, but it is not polite to say to someone that they are fat:
overweight is a little more polite, and is also a word used by doctors or health professionals:
obese means very fat, in a way that is not healthy. This word is often used by doctors and health professionals, but is also used in a general way to mean "very fat":
o • ver • whelm / |ouvar' welmig /
You say " ow " when you suddenly feel pain
—SYNONYM ouch owe О / ou /
PRONUNCIATION
The word owe sounds like go .
1 to have to pay money to someone
lent you $10 last week and $10 the week before, so you owe me $20.
to have something because of a particular person or thing He owes his life to the man who pulled him out of the river.
OWl / aul/
a bird that flies at night and eats small
The word own sounds like bone .
a word that shows that something belongs to a particular person
on your own
alone
without help
OWn 2 ©/ oun /
to have something that is yours
own up to say that you have done something wrong
OWn .еГ Ф / 'оипэг/
[count]
a person who has something that belongs to them
ox / aks /
ox • ide / aksaid /
[ count, noncount ]
( CHEMISTRY ) a combination of oxygen and another
substance
ox • y • gen / ' aksid3an /
( CHEMISTRY ) a gas in the air. Animals and plants need oxygen to live.
oys • ter / ' oistsr /
a small animal with a shell, which lives in the ocean. You can eat some types of oyster , and others produce shiny white things used to make jewelry (called pearls ). —Look
o • zone / ' ouzoun /
( CHEMISTRY ) a poisonous gas that is a form of oxygen
o • zone-friend • ly / , ouzoun frendli /
(used about cleaning products, etc.) not containing chemicals that could harm the ozone layer
the o • zone lay • er / 6i ' ouzoun ,ieisr /
[ singular ]
the layer of ozone high above the surface of the earth, which helps to protect the earth from the bad effects of the sun
P, p / pi /
(
p. abbreviation of page
pace 1 / peis /
[ singular ] how fast you do something or how fast something happens
[ count ] a step Take two paces forward.
keep pace with someone or something
to go as fast as someone or something
pace 2 / peis /
to walk around in a nervous or angry way
рас .i .fi .er
/ ' pressfaisr /
a small, rubber object that you put in a baby's mouth to stop it from crying
a package or group of things that are sold together
a number of things that are wrapped or tied together
a group of wild dogs or similar animals
pack 2 ЧР/ раек /
to put things into a bag, box, etc. before you go somewhere
to put things into a box, bag, etc.
—ANTONYM unpack
pack up to stop doing something
pack • ing / ' prekig /
pack.age О
/ ' p®kid3 /
1 something in a box, a bag, or wrapped in paper that is sent by mail
went to the post office to mail a package.
a box, bag, etc. in which things are packed to be sold in a store
pack • age
(pack•ag•es, pack • ag • ing ,pack•aged )
pack • ag • ing / ' p®kid3ig /
material like paper, plastic, etc. that is used to wrap things that you buy or that you send
full
pack • et / ' prekst /
a small flat bag that contains a small amount of something
pact / prekt /
an important agreement to do something
pad / pred /
[count]
1 a thick flat piece of soft material
used a cotton pad to clean the cut.
pieces of paper that are joined together at one end
covered with or containing a layer of thick soft material
pad • dle / ' predi /
[ count ]
a piece of wood with a flat end, which you use for moving a small boat through water
pad • dle
to move a small boat through water with a paddle
pad • lock / 'predlak /
a lock that you use on things like gates and bicycles
page © / Peid3 / (
one or both sides of a piece of paper in a book, magazine, or newspaper
paid
paill © / pern /
1 [ count, noncount ] the feeling that you have in your body when you are hurt or sick
have a pain in my leg. He's in terrible pain .
[ noncount ] unhappiness
a person, thing, or situation that bothers you or makes you angry
cut my leg — it's very painful. —ANTONYM painless
making you feel upset or embarrassed
pain • kill • er / ' peinkilar /
( HEALTH ) a drug that makes pain less strong
pain • less / peinlas /
—ANTONYM painful
pains • tak • ing / ' peinzteikig /
very careful and taking a long time
paint 1© / peint/
pa i nt 2 © / peint /
1 to put paint on something to change the color
2 ( ART ) to make a picture of someone or something using paint
paint • brush / ' peintbrAf /
( ART ) a brush that you use for painting
Look at the picture at brush .
paint .er © / 'pemtor/
[count]
a person whose job is to paint things like walls or houses
( ART ) a person who paints pictures
—SYNONYM artist
paint .ing ©/ 'peintir)/
[ count ]
pair © / per /
two things of the same kind that you use together
a thing with two parts that are joined together
two people or animals together
Look at couple . in pairs
with two things or people together
pa • ja • mas / pa 'd3remaz /
a loose jacket and pants that you wear in bed
pal / prel /
a friend
pal • ace / prelas /
a very large house where a king or queen lives
pal • ate / ' prelat /
the top part of the inside of your mouth
pale © / peil /
with not much color in your face
—SYNONYM white
with a light color; not strong or dark
—SYNONYM light —ANTONYM dark palm / pam /
the flat part of the front of your hand
Look at the picture at hand .
( also palm tree / ' pam tri / ) a tree that grows in hot countries, with no branches and a lot of big leaves at the top
pam • phlet / ' premfiat /
a very thin book with a paper cover that gives information about something
pan Ф / paen/
a metal container that you use for cooking
pan • cake / ' prenkeik /
a very thin round thing that you eat. You make pancakes with flour, eggs, and milk
pan .da
/ ' prenda /
a large black and white animal that lives in China
pane / pein /
a piece of glass in a window
pan • el aw щ / ' prenl /
a group of people who give their opinions about something or discuss something
a flat piece of wood, metal, or glass that is part of a door, wall, or ceiling
a flat part on a machine, where there are things to help you control it
pang / preg /
a sudden strong and painful feeling
pan • ic / ' prenik /
a sudden feeling of fear that you cannot control and that makes you do things without thinking carefully
pan • i • cky / ' preniki /
very worried about something; feeling or showing panic
pan • ic-strick • en / ' prenik |strikan /
very afraid, in a way that stops you from thinking clearly
pant / prent /
to take in and let out air quickly through your mouth, for example after running or because you are very hot
pan • ther / ' prenear /
a wild animal like a big cat with black fur
pant • ies / ' prentiz /
a piece of underwear for women that covers the lower part of the body but not the legs
pan • try / ' prentri /
a small room where you can keep food
pants Ф / paents /
a piece of clothing for your legs and the lower part of your body
Be careful! Pants is a plural noun so you cannot say "a pants."
pant • y • hose / prentihouz / ( also ny . lons / ' nailanz / )
pa .per Ф / 'peipsr/
[ noncount ] thin material for writing or drawing on, or for wrapping things in
[ count ] a newspaper Have you seen today's paper?
papers [ plural ] important pieces of paper with writing on them
[ count ] a piece of writing that you do for class on a particular subject
pa • per • back / ' peiparbrek /
[ count, noncount ]
a book with a paper cover
— Look
pa • per clip / ' peipar klip /
a small metal object that you use for holding pieces of paper together
pa • per • Work / ' peiparwark /
the written work that you have to do as part of your job or
to get something done
par•a • chute / ' prersjut /
a thing that you have on your back when you jump out of an airplane and that opens, so that you fall to the ground slowly
pa • rade / ps ' reid /
a line of people who are walking together for a special reason, while other people watch them
par•a • dise / prersdais /
[ noncount ] ( RELIGION ) the place where some people think good people go after they die
—SYNONYM heaven
[ count ] a place that is very beautiful and seems perfect
par•a•dox / prersdaks /
something that has two or more parts that seem strange or
impossible together
par • a • graph aw / ' prersgrref / 9
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a group of sentences. A paragraph always begins on a new line.
( MATH ) Parallel lines are straight lines that are always
the same distance from each other
par • al • lel • o • gram / ,prers 'lelsgrrem /
( MATH ) a flat shape with four straight sides. The opposite sides are parallel and equal to each other. — Look
pa • ral • y • sis / ps 'rrelssss /
( HEALTH ) not being able to move or feel your body, or a part of it
par • a • lyze / ' prerslaiz /
( HEALTH ) to make a person unable to move all or part of their body
par • a • lyzed / ' prerslaizd /
par • a • med • ic / ,prers 'medik /
( HEALTH ) a person who is not a doctor or a nurse, but who takes care of people who are hurt or sick until they get to a hospital
pa • ram • e • ter AWB / ps ' rremstsr /
[ count ] (
a rule or limit that controls the way in which something can be done
par • a • noid / prersnoid /
If you are paranoid , you believe that other people are trying to harm you or are saying bad things about you.
par • a • noi • a / ,prers 'nois / noun [ noncount ] a feeling of paranoia
par • a • phrase / ' prersfreiz /
par • a • site / ' prerssait /
( BIOLOGY ) a plant or animal that lives on another plant or animal and gets food from it
par • cel / ' parsl /
something in a box, bag, or wrapped in paper that is sent by mail
—SYNONYM package
par • don 1 / ' pardn /
( POLITICS ) an official decision not to punish someone for something bad they have done I beg your pardon (
1 words that you say to mean "I am sorry"
beg your pardon, I didn't mean to step on your foot.
words that you use to ask someone to say something again because you did not hear
par • don 2 / ' pardn /
to officially decide not to punish someone for something bad that they have done
( also pardon ) a polite way of asking someone to repeat what they just said
a polite way of saying you are sorry Pardon me, I didn't see you standing there.
par .ent С / 'persnt /
a mother or father
► pa • ren • tal / ps ' rentl /
pa • ren • the • ses / ps' renessiz
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a pair of marks, ( ) , that you put around extra information in a piece of writing
par • ent • hood / ' persnthud
being a parent
par • ish / ' prerij /
an area that has its own church and priest
park 1 О / park /
park 2 ЧР/ park /
to stop and leave a vehicle somewhere for a time
► park • ing / ' parkig /
par•ka / ' parka /
a warm jacket or coat with a part that you pull up to cover your head (called a hood )
park • ing lot / ' parkig lat /
an area or a building where you can leave your car for a time
park • ing me • ter / ' parkig |mitar /
a machine beside the road that you put money into when you park your car next to it
park • ing tick • et / ' park4 itikat /
[ count ]
a piece of paper that orders you to pay money ( called a fine ) for parking your car where it is not allowed
park • way / parkwei /
a wide street with trees and grass along the sides or middle
The short way of writing "Parkway" in street names is Pkwy.
par • lia • ment / ' parlamant /
( POLITICS ) the people that make the laws in some countries
par • lor / ' parlar /
a store that sells a particular type of goods or services
pa • ro • chi • al school / pa'roukial |skul /
a school that is connected with or run by a church par • o • dy / ' preradi /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a performance or a piece of writing, music, etc. that copies the style of someone or something in a funny way
pa • role / pa ' roul /
[noncount]
permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison early if he or she behaves well
par • rot / ' prerat /
a bird with very bright feathers that can copy what people say
pars • ley / ' parsli /
part 1 Ф / part /
some, but not all of something; one of the pieces of something
a piece of a machine
the person you are in a play or movie
a line in your hair that you make by brushing it in different directions using a plastic or metal thing (called a comb )
to do something together with other people
part 2 / part /
to go away from each other
to move apart, or to make things or people move apart
to make a line in your hair by brushing it in different directions using a plastic or metal thing (called a comb )
part with something to give something to someone else, especially something that you would prefer to keep
part 3 / p art /
not completely one thing and not completely another
not complete
par • tial • ly / ' parjbli /
par • tic • i • pant AWL / par'tisapant /
par • tic • i • pate AWL| / par ' tisapeit /
—SYNONYM take part
par • tic • i • pa • tion AWL / par^sa' pei/n /
[noncount]
par • ti • ci • ple / ' partasipl/
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a form of a verb
par • ti • cle / ' partikl /
a very small piece of something
par .tic .u .lar © / par tikyalar /
one only, and not any other
more than usual
—SYNONYM special
If you are particular , you want something to be exactly right
in particular
more than others
—SYNONYM especially
—SYNONYM especially
par • ties
par • ti • tion / par ' tijn /
something that separates one part of a room from another
part .ly © / 'partli/
part . пег © / 'partnor/
your husband, wife, boyfriend, or girlfriend
( BUSINESS ) one of the people who owns a business
a person you are dancing with, or playing a game with
part • ner • ship AWL / ' partnarjip /
[ count, noncount ]
being partners
part of speech / |part av ' spitj /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) one of the groups that words are divided into, for example "noun," "verb," "adjective," etc.
par .ty © / 'partj/
a time when friends meet, usually in someone's home, to eat, drink, and enjoy themselves
( POLITICS ) a group of people who have the same ideas about politics
There are two main political parties in the United States.
These are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party .
3 a group of people who are traveling or working together
paSS 1 © / paes /
to go by someone or something
to go or move in a particular direction
to give something to someone Could you pass me the salt, please?
( SPORTS ) to kick, hit, or throw the ball to someone on your team
If time passes , it goes by
to spend time
to do well enough on an examination or test
—ANTONYM fail
to officially approve a law by voting
pass something on to give or tell something to another
person
pass 2 / pres /
( SPORTS ) kicking, throwing, or hitting a ball to someone in a game
a special piece of paper or card that says you can go somewhere or do something
a road or way through mountains
pas .sage © / 'P8esid3/ noun
[count]
a narrow way, for example between two buildings
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a short part of a book, a speech, or a piece of music
pas .sen .ger © / 'ржээ^зэг/
a person who is traveling in a car, bus, train, or airplane but
not driving or flying it
pass • er • by / |presar ' bai /
pas • sion / ' prejn /
[ count, noncount ] a very strong feeling, usually of love, but sometimes of anger or hate
[ singular ] a strong feeling of liking something very much or being very interested in it
pas • sion • ate / ' prejn^at /
having or showing very strong feelings
► pas • sion • ate • ly / ' prejn^atli /
accepting what happens or what others do without trying to change things
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) (used about a verb or a sentence) when the person or thing doing the action is the not the subject of the verb
—ANTONYM active
pas • sive 2 AWL / ' presiv /
pass . port ©/ 'pa-sport /
a small book with your name and photograph in it. You must take it with you when you travel to other countries.
pass • Word / ' presward /
a secret word that allows you to go into a place or start using a computer or a computer system
past 1Ф / paest /
the past [ singular ] the time before now, and the things that happened then
—ANTONYM future
[ count ] a person's life before now
the past [ singular ] ( English language arts ) = the past tense
from one side to the other of someone or something; on the other side of someone or something
a word that shows how many minutes after the hour
past зФ / paest /
connected with the time that has gone
just before now
—SYNONYM last
pas • ta / ' pasta /
an Italian food that is made from flour and water, which comes in many different shapes
paste 1 / peist /
a soft wet substance, usually made from powder and liquid, and sometimes used for sticking paper to things
paste 2 / peist /
1 to stick something to another thing using paste
2 ( COMPUTERS ) to copy or move writing or pictures into a
computer document from somewhere else
pas • tel / pre stel /
(used about colors) pale, not strong
pas • time / ' prestaim /
something that you like doing when you are not working
—SYNONYM hobby
past par • ti • ci • ple / |prest'partasipl /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a verb that in English is used with "have" to make a tense (called the perfect tense )
the past per • fect / бэ |prest ' parfikt /
[ singular ]
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a verb that describes an action that was finished before another thing happened
pas • try / ' peistri /
[ noncount ] a mixture of flour, butter, and water that is rolled flat and used for making a special type of food (called a pie )
[ count ] a small cake made with pastry
the past tense/ бэ prest ' tens / (also the past)
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a verb that you use to talk about the time before now
pas • ture / ' prestfar /
[ count, noncount ]
a field or piece of land with grass where farm animals can eat
pat / pret /
patch / pretf /
a small piece of something that is not the same as the other parts
a piece of cloth that you use to cover a hole in things like clothes
pat • ent / ' pretnt /
( BUSINESS ) the official right to be the only person or
company to make or sell a product
pa • ter • nal / pa ' tarnl /
behaving like a father, or connected with being a father
A paternal relation is from your father's side of the family
Look
path © / рае8 /
a way across a piece of land, where people can walk
the line along which someone or something moves
pa • thet • ic / ps ' Qetik /
very bad or weak
pa • tience / ' peijns /
—ANTONYM impatience
pa .tient 1© / 'peijnt/
able to stay calm and not get angry when you are waiting
for something or when you have problems
—ANTONYM impatient
pa • tient • ly / ' pei/sntli / adverb She waited patiently for the bus. —ANTONYM impatiently
pa .tient 2© / 'peijnt/
( HEALTH ) a sick person who is getting medical treatment from a doctor or nurse
pat • i • o / ' pretiou /
a flat, hard area outside a house where people can sit and
eat
pa • tri • ot • ism / ' peitristizsm /
pa • tri • ot • ic / ,peitri ' atik /
having or showing love for your country
pa • trol / ps ' troul /
a group of people or vehicles that go around a place to see that everything is all right
on patrol
pa • trol
pa • tron • ize / ' peitrsnaiz /
to treat someone in a way that shows you think you are better, more intelligent, etc. than them
pa • tron • iz • ing / ' peitrsnaizig /
pat • ter / ' pretsr /
pat .tem Ф / pa-torn /
( ART ) an arrangement of shapes and colors on something
the way in which something happens or develops
a thing that you copy when you make something
patterns
stripes checks plaid
pat • terned / ' pretsrnd /
decorated with shapes and colors
pause О /Poz/ verb
( paus es,paus ing ,paused )
to stop talking or doing something for a short time
a period of time when you stop talking or stop what you are doing
pave / peiv /
to cover an area of ground with a hard surface
pave • ment / ' peivmsnt /
[ noncount ]
the hard surface of a road or street
paw / po /
the foot of an animal, for example a dog or a cat
pay 1 ©/ pei /
pay someone back to hurt someone who has hurt you
pay someone or something back to give back the
money that someone has lent to you
РЭУ 2 © / pei /
pay .ment © / 'peimsnt/
[ noncount ] paying or being paid
[ count ] an amount of money that you pay
pay phone / ' pei foun /
a telephone that you can use by putting in money or using a special card
( COMPUTERS ) a computer that you can use at home or in an office. PC is short for "personal computer."
pea / pi /
a very small, round, green vegetable. Peas grow in long, thin cases (called pods ). — Look
peace © / pis /
a time when there is no war or fighting between people or countries
the state of being quiet and calm the peace and quiet of the countryside Go away and leave me in peace !
peace .ful Ф / 'pisfl/
with no fighting
quiet and calm It's so peaceful here.
peach / pitj /
a soft round fruit with a yellow and red skin and a large hard part (called a pit ) in the center
pea • cock / pikak /
a large bird with beautiful long blue and green feathers in its tail
peak / pik /
the time when something is highest, biggest, etc. Traffic is at its peak between five and six in the evening.
( GEOGRAPHY ) the pointed top of a mountain
pea • nut / ' pinAt /
[count]
a nut that you can eat
pea • nut but • ter / ipinAt 'bAtar /
[noncount]
a thick, soft substance made from peanuts , which you eat on bread
pear / per /
PRONUNCIATION
The word pear sounds just like pair .
a fruit that is green or yellow on the outside and white on the inside
pearl / pari/
a small, round, white thing that grows inside the shell of a fish (called an oyster ). Pearls are valuable and are used to make jewelry
peas • ant / ' peznt /
a poor person who lives in the country and works on a small piece of land
peb • ble / ' pebi /
a small, round stone
pe • can / pa'kan ; pa 'kren /
a type of nut that we eat. It has a smooth, red-brown shell and grows on trees in the southern U.S.
peck / pek /
When a bird pecks something, it eats or bites it quickly
pe • cu • liar / pi ' kyulyar /
strange; not usual
ped • al / ' pedl/
a part of a bicycle or other machine that you move with your feet
pe • des • tri • an / pa'destrian /
a person who is walking in the street
pe • di • a • tri • cian / ipidia 'tnjn /
[ count ]
( HEALTH ) a doctor who treats children
peek / pik /
to look at something quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it
peel 1/pil/
to take the outside part off a fruit or vegetable
to come off in thin pieces The paint is peeling off the walls.
peel 2 / pil /
the outside part of some fruit and vegetables
peep / pip /
to look at something quickly or secretly
peer 1 / pir /
a person who is the same age as you
peel
peer 2 / pir /
peg / peg /
a small thing on a wall or door where you can hang things
pel • vis/ ' pelvas
( BIOLOGY ) the set of bones at the bottom of your back, which your leg bones are joined to
a thing that you use for writing with a liquid (called ink )
a small piece of ground with a fence around it for keeping farm animals in
pe • nal • ize / ' pini-aiz /
( pe • nal • iz • es , pe • nal iz • ing , pe • nal • ized )
to punish someone for breaking a rule or law
to cause someone to suffer a disadvantage The new tax unfairly penalizes single parents.
pen • al • ty / ' penlti /
a punishment
( SPORTS ) a punishment for one team and an advantage for the other team because a player has broken a rule
реП .СИ Ф/ 'pensl/
pen • e • trate / ' penatreit /
to go through or into something
pen • guin / ' peggwan /
[ count ]
a black and white bird that lives in very cold places. Penguins can swim, but they cannot fly.
pen • i • cil • lin / |pena 'silan /
( HEALTH ) a type of drug that is used to stop infections and to treat illnesses
pen • in • su • la / pa 'ninsala /
( GEOGRAPHY ) an area of land that has water on three sides
pe • nis / ' pinas /
the part of a man's or a male animal's body that is used for getting rid of waste liquid and for having sex
pen • knife / pen|naif /
pen • ni • less / ' penilas /
having no money; poor
pen • ny / ' peni /
a small brown coin that is worth one cent
pen pal / ' pen prel/
pen • sion / ' penfn /
money that an old person (a person who is retired ) gets from the company where he or she used to work
pen .ta .gon pentagon
/ 'pentsgan /
[ count ] ( MATH ) a shape that has five straight and equal sides
the Pentagon [ singular ] ( POLITICS ) a large government building near Washington D.C. that contains the main offices of the U.S. military forces
peO . pie Ф / 'pipl /
more than one person
men and women who work in a particular activity
the people the ordinary citizens of a country
pep • per / ' pepar /
[ noncount ] powder with a hot taste that you put on food
[ count ] a red, green, or yellow vegetable that is almost empty inside —Look
pep • per • mint / ' peparmint /
[ noncount ] a plant with a strong, fresh taste and smell. It is used to make things like candies and medicines.
[ count ] a candy with the flavor of peppermint
pep • per • o • ni / pepa 'rouni
for each; in each
per • ceive AWL / par' siv /
to notice or realize something Scientists failed to perceive the danger.
to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way
per • cent AWL / par' sent /
( MATH ) one part in every hundred
per • cent • age awl / par' sentid3 /
[count ]
( MATH ) an amount of something, expressed as part of one hundred
per • cep • tive / par' septiv /
perch 1 / part/ /
perch 2 / part/ /
a place where a bird sits
per • cus • sion / par' L\/n /
( MUSIC ) drums and other instruments that you play by hitting them
per .feet © / 'psrfikt /
so good that it cannot be better; with nothing wrong
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) made from "has," "have," or "had" and the past participle of a verb
per • fec • tion / par' fek/n /
[noncount]
the state of being perfect
per • fect • ly / ' parfiktli /
completely
in a perfect way
per .form © / par form /
to do something such as a piece of work or a task Doctors performed a complicated operation to save her life.
to be in something such as a play or a concert
per • form .аПСе © / por'formons /
[ count ] a time when a play, etc. is shown, or music is played in front of a lot of people
[ noncount ] how well you do something
per • form • er / par formar /
a person who is in something such as a play or a concert
per • fume / par fyum /
a liquid with a nice smell that you put on your body
a nice smell
per.haps © / par hreps /
—SYNONYM maybe
pe • rim • e • ter / pa 'rimatar /
the outside edge or limit of an area of land
( MATH ) a measurement of the distance around an area or shape
pe .ri .od © J Щ / ' piriad /
an amount of time
one of the equal lengths of time that make a school day
( HEALTH ) the time when a woman loses blood from her body each month
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a mark ( . ) that you use in
writing to show the end of a sentence, or after the short form of a word
the pe • ri • od • ic ta • ble / da piriadik
' teibl/
( CHEMISTRY ) a list of all the chemical substances (called elements )
perm / parm /
the treatment of hair with special chemicals to make it curly
perm
per .ma .nent © / parmanant /
continuing forever or for a very long time without changing
per • ma • nent • ly / ' parmanantli / adverb Has he left permanently?
per .mis .sion ©/par'mijh/noun
[noncount]
allowing someone to do something
per • mit 1 / psr ' mit /
to let someone do something
—SYNONYM allow
per • mit 2 / ' psrmit /
a piece of paper that says you can do something or go somewhere
per • pen • dic • u • lar / ,psrpsn dikyslsr /
( MATH ) If two lines are perpendicular , one of the lines
makes an angle of 90° with the other
per • se • cute / ' psrsskyut /
to treat someone in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race or beliefs ► per • se • cu • tion / ,psrss ' kyujn /
per • se • vere / ,psrss ' vir /
( per • se • veres , per • se • ver • ing , per • se • vered )
per • sist • ent AWL| / psr' sistsnt /
determined to continue doing something, even though people tell you to stop
lasting for a long time
per . SOn © / 'psrsn /
think she's the best person for the job. We invited a few people to dinner.
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) one of the three types of pronoun in grammar. "I" and "we" are the first person, "you" is the second person, and "he," "she," "it," and "they" are the third person.
in person
seeing someone, not just speaking on the telephone or writing a letter
per .son .al ® / psrssnl /
of or for one person
done by a particular person rather than someone who is acting for them
per • son • al com • pu • ter / psrssni
ksm ' pyutsr /
per .son .al .i .ty © / ,psrss ' nrelsti / [ count ] (
the qualities that a person has that make them different from other people
a famous person
per • son • al • ly / ' psrssnsli /
You say personally when you are saying what you think about something
done by you yourself, and not by someone else acting for you
per • son • al pro • noun / psrssni
prounaun /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) any of these pronouns: I, me, she, her, he, him, we, us, you, they, them
per • son • nel / ,psrss 'nel /
the people who work for a large business or organization
per • spec • tive aw / psr ' spektiv /
[ count, noncount ] the ability to think about problems in a sensible way, without making them seem worse than they are
[ count ] your way of thinking about something
( ART ) [ noncount ] the way of drawing that makes some objects seem farther away than others
per .suade © / psr sweid /
per • sua • sion / psr' swei3n /
[noncount]
the process of making someone think or do something
pes • si • mism / ' pessmizsm /
[noncount]
thinking that bad things will happen —ANTONYM optimism
pes • si • mist / ' pessmist / noun [ count ] Lisa's such a pessimist.
—ANTONYM optimist
pes • si • mis • tic / ,pess ' mistik /
pest / pest /
an insect or animal that damages plants or food
(
pes • ter / ' pestsr /
to make someone a little angry by asking them for something many times
pes • ti • cide / ' pestasaid / [ count, noncount ]
a chemical substance that is used for killing insects and
other animals that eat plants
pet Ф / pet /
have two pets — a cat and a goldfish.
a child that a teacher or a parent likes best
pet • al / ' petl /
(used about a girl or woman) small and thin
pe • ti • tion / pa'tijn/
a special letter from a group of people that asks for something
pe • tri • fied / ' petrafaid /
very afraid
pe • tro • le • um / pa ' trouliam /
( CHEMISTRY ) oil that is found under the ground or ocean and is used for making fuel for cars and other types of chemical substances
pet • ty / ' peti /
small and not important
phan • tom / ' frentam /
phar•aoh / ferou /
( HISTORY ) a person who ruled ancient Egypt
phar • ma • ceu • ti •cal / farma ' sutiki /
( HEALTH ) connected with making and selling medicines and drugs
phar • ma • cist / ' farmasist /
( HEALTH ) a person who prepares and sells medicines
phar • ma • cy / ' farmasi /
( HEALTH ) a store, or part of a store, which sells medicines and drugs
phase aw п / feiz/
Ph.D. / |pi eitf' di /
phe • nom • e • nal Iaw / fa ' namanl /
very great
phe • nom • e • nal • ly / fa ' namanali / adverb a phenomenally successful movie
phe • nom • e • non |AWL / fa'namanan ; fa'namanan /
phi • los • o • pher AWL / fa 'lasafar /
a person who studies philosophy
phi • los • o • phy AWL / fa'lasafi /
(
[ noncount ] the study of ideas about the meaning of life
[ count ] a set of beliefs that a person has about life Enjoy yourself and don't worry about tomorrow — that's my philosophy!
phil • o • soph • i • cal AWL / fila ' safikl /
pho • bi • a / ' foubia /
a very strong fear that you cannot explain
phone / foun / [count]
an instrument that you use for talking to someone who is in another place
be on the phone
to be using the phone
Collocations
Phones
making or receiving a call
the phone/telephone rings make/get/receive a call/a phone call dial someone's number/an area code/the wrong number
call someone/speak to someone on the phone answer/pick up/hang up the phone
cell phones
answer/use your cell phone send/get/receive a text (message) turn on/turn off your cell phone charge/recharge your cell phone/the battery
phone 2 / foun /
—SYNONYM call
phone book / ' foun buk /
( also tel • e • phone book )
a book of people's names, addresses, and telephone numbers
phone booth / ' foun bue /
( also tel • e phone booth )
a public telephone in the street
phone call / ' foun kol / ( also tel • e • phone call )
when you use the phone to talk to someone
phone card / ' foun kard /
a small plastic card that you buy and use to make calls to people from any telephone
phone num • ber / ' foun |ПЛшЬэГ /
( also tel • e phone num • ber )
the number of a particular phone that you use when you want to make a call to it
pho • net • ic / fa ' netik /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) using special signs to show how to say words
pho • net • ics / fa ' netiks /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the study of the sounds that people make when they speak
pho • to / ' foutou /
a photograph
pho • to • cop • i • er / ' foutakapiar /
a machine that makes copies of documents by photographing them
pho • to • cop • y / ' foutakapi /
a copy of something on paper that you make with a photocopier
pho • to • cop • y
pho .to .graph ® / ' foutagrref / )
a picture that you take with a camera
pho • to • graph ( pho • to graphs , pho to • graph ing , pho • to•graphed )
pho • tog • ra • pher / fa ' tagrafar /
a person who takes photographs, especially as a job
pho • tog • ra • phy / fa ' tagrafi /
pho • to • graph • ic / |fouta ' grrefik /
connected with photographs or photography
pho • to • syn • the • sis / foutou ' sineasis /
( BIOLOGY ) the process by which green plants turn a gas in the air ( carbon dioxide ) and water into food, using light from the sun
phras • al verb / |freizl 'varb /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a verb that joins with another word or words to make a verb with a new meaning
phrase Ф / freiz /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a group of words that you use
together as part of a sentence
phys • i • cal 1 Ф AWL / ' fizikl /
connected with things that you feel or do with your body
phys • i • cal • ly AWL / ' fizikali / adverb I'm not physically fit.
phys • i • cal 2 AWL / ' fizikl /
( HEALTH ) an examination of your body by a doctor to see if you are healthy
phys • i • cist / ' fizasist /
( PHYSICS ) a person who studies or knows a lot about physics
phys • ics / fiziks /
[noncount]
the scientific study of things like heat, light, and sound
phy • sique / fa ' zik /
the size and shape of a person's body
pi / pai /
( MATH ) the symbol n. It is used to show the relationship between the distance around a circle (its circumference ) and the distance across it (its diameter ), which is about 3-14159-
pi .an .О Ф / pi'senou /
( MUSIC ) a big musical instrument that you play by pressing black and white bars (called keys )
pi • an • ist / pi ' renist ; ' pianist /
pick i Ф / pik /
to take the person or thing you like best
—SYNONYM choose
to take a flower, fruit, or vegetable from the place where it grows
to treat someone in an unfair or cruel way
pick someone or something out to be able to see
someone or something among a lot of others
pick someone or something up
to take and lift someone or something She picked up the kitten and stroked it.
to go to get someone or something, especially in a car
pick something up to learn something without really studying it
pick 2 / pik /
the one that you choose; your choice
take your pick
to choose what you like
pick • et / ' pikat /
pick • le / ' pikl/
pick • pock • et / ' pikpakat /
a person who steals things from people's pockets
pick .up
/ ' pikAp /
( also pick - up truck )
[count] a type of small truck that has an open part with low sides at the back
a small green vegetable that is kept in a liquid with a strong sharp taste (called vinegar ) before it is eaten
pic • nic / ' piknik /
( pic - nics , pic - nick - ing , pic - nicked )
pic .ture l © / piktjbr /
took a picture (= a photograph ) of the house.
an idea or memory of something in your mind
pic • ture 2 / ' piktfar /
pie / pai /
a type of food made of fruit covered with pastry (= a mixture of flour, butter, and water )
piece Ф / pis / noun
[count]
1 a part of something
one single thing
a single work of art, music, etc.
in pieces broken
Thesaurus
piece an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the rest of it. This is a very general word and can be used with most noncount nouns:
lump a piece of something hard or solid, especially one without any particular shape:
pie chart / ' pai tjart /
( MATH ) a diagram that is a circle divided into pieces, showing the size of particular parts in relation to the whole
pier / pir /
a long structure that is built from the land into the ocean, where people can walk or get on and off boats
pierce / pirs /
( pierc - es , pierc - ing , pierced )
to make a hole in something with a sharp point
pierc • ing / ' pirsig /
A piercing sound is very loud and unpleasant
pig О / pig /
[count]
a fat animal that people keep on farms for its meat Word building
A young pig is called a piglet .
Meat from a pig is called pork , bacon , or ham .
(
pi • geon / ' pid3an /
a gray bird that you often see in cities
pig • gy bank / ' pigi ЬжцЬ /
[count]
a small box, often shaped like a pig, that children save money in
pig • let / ' piglat /
a young pig
pig • tail / ' pigteil /
hair that you tie together at the sides of your head
pile 1 Ф / pail/
[count]
a lot of things on top of one another; a large amount of something
pile 2 / pail /
to put a lot of things on top of one another
pil • grim / ' pilgram /
( RELIGION ) a person who travels a long way to a place because it has a special religious meaning
pil • grim • age / ' piigramid3 /
( RELIGION ) a long trip that a pilgrim makes
pill / pil /
—SYNONYM tablet
pil • lar / ' pilar /
a tall strong piece of stone, wood, or metal that holds up a building
pil • low / ' pilou /
a soft thing that you put your head on when you are in bed
pil • low • case / ' piloukeis /
a person who flies an airplane
pim • ple / ' pimpi /
a small spot on your skin
PIN / pin / ( also PIN num • ber / ' pin ^лшЬэг / )
a number that you use with a plastic card to take out money from a cash machine. PIN is short for "personal identification number." pill 1 © / pin/
a small, thin piece of metal with a round part at one end and a sharp point at the other. You use a pin for holding things together or fastening one thing to another.
a small piece of jewelry that you can wear on a shirt, jacket, etc.
( SPORTS ) a wooden object shaped like a bottle that you try to knock over in the sport of bowling
pin 2 / pin /
to fasten things together with a pin or pins
to hold someone or something so that they cannot move He tried to get away, but they pinned him against the wall.
pinch 1 / pintj /
to press someone's skin between your thumb and finger
pinch 2 / pint/ /
the act of pressing someone's skin between your thumb and finger
an amount of something you can hold between your thumb and finger
pine / pain /
[ count ] ( also pine tree / ' pain tri / ) a tall tree with thin sharp leaves (called needles ) that do not fall off in winter
the wood from this tree, which is often used for making furniture
pine • ap • ple / ' painrepl /
a big fruit that is yellow inside and has a rough, brown skin
pine cone / ' pain koun /
Ping-Pong™ / ' p4pa4 /
( also ta • ble ten • nis / ' teibl |tenas / )
( SPORTS ) a game where players hit a small, light ball over a net on a big table
pink Ф / pigk /
with a light red color
►pink
pink • ie / ' piqki / ( also pink • y )
the smallest finger on your hand
pins and nee • dles / ,pinz sn nidlz /
an uncomfortable feeling that you sometimes get in a part of your body when you have not moved it for a long time
pint Ф / paint / (
a measure of liquid (= 0.47 liters). There are eight pints in a gallon
pi • o • neer / ,pais ' nir /
[ count ]
a person who goes somewhere or does something before other people
pipe Ф / paip/
[ count ]
a long tube that takes something such as water, oil, or gas from one place to another
a tube with a small bowl at one end that is used for smoking tobacco (= the dried leaves used for making cigarettes )
pipe • line / paiplain /
a line of pipes that carry oil or gas a long way
in the pipeline
If something is in the pipeline , it is being planned or prepared and will happen soon.
pi • rate 1 / ' pairst /
a person on a ship who robs other ships
pi • rate 2 / ' pairst /
to make an illegal copy of a book, a DVD, a CD, etc. in order to sell it
pis • tol / pistl /
pit / pit /
[count]
a deep hole in the ground We dug a deep pit in the yard.
the hard part in the middle of some types of fruit
pitch 1 / pitf /
( SPORTS ) (in baseball) to throw the ball to a person on the other team, who tries to hit it
to put up a tent (= a small house made of cloth )
pitch 2 / pit/ /
[ count ] ( SPORTS ) an act of throwing a baseball to a player who tries to hit it
[ noncount ] ( MUSIC ) how high or low a sound is
pitch • er / ' pitjsr /
[count]
a container with a handle that you use for holding or pouring liquids
( SPORTS ) (in baseball) the person who throws ( pitches ) the ball to a player on the other team, who tries to hit it
pit • y 1 / ' piti /
1 [ noncount ] a feeling of sadness for a person or an animal who is in pain or who has problems
feel no pity for him — it's his own fault.
[ singular ] something that disappoints you or makes you feel a little sad
take pity on someone
to help someone because you feel sad for them
pit • y 2 / ' piti /
to feel sad for someone who is in pain or who has problems
piz • za / ' pitss /
a flat, round piece of bread with tomatoes, cheese, and other things on top, which is cooked in an oven
piz • ze • ri • a / , pitss ' ris /
[ count ]
a restaurant that serves pizza
plac • ard / ' plreksrd /
a large sign that hangs in a public place or is carried on a stick
place 1 Ф / pleis /
[count]
a particular area or position
a particular building, city, town, country, etc.
a seat or space for one person
[ singular ] a person's home
the position that you have in a race, competition, or test
in place
where it should be; in the right place
out of place
1 not suitable for a particular situation
2 not in the correct or usual place
take place to happen
place 2 Ф / pleis /
pla • gia • rism / ' pleid3arizam /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the act of copying another person's ideas, words, or work and pretending they are your own
► pla • gia • rize / ' pleid3araiz /
(pla gia • riz • es, pla • gia • riz • ing , pla gia • rized )
plague / pleig /
( HEALTH ) a disease that spreads quickly and kills many people
plaid / plred /
a pattern on material with squares and stripes that cross each other
plain 1 Ф/ plein
simple and ordinary
with no pattern; all one color
easy to see, hear, or understand
—SYNONYM clear
not pretty
plain 2 / plein /
a large piece of flat land
plain • ly / ' pleinli /
in a way that is easy to see, hear, or understand
—SYNONYM clearly
plan 1 Ф / plsen /
[ count ]
1 something that you have decided to do and how you are going to do it
Thesaurus
purpose the reason for doing something; what something is used for or is supposed to achieve:
a map showing a building, a city, or a town
a drawing that shows how a new building, room, or machine will be made
plan 2 Ф / plsen /
to decide what you are going to do and how you are going to do it
to intend or expect to do something I'm planning on taking a vacation in July.
plane Ф / plein /
—SYNONYM airplane
plan .et О / 'plsenst/
[ count ] a large round object in space that moves around the sun or another star
the planet [ singular ] the world we live in, especially when we are talking about the environment
plank / plregk /
a long, flat piece of wood
plank • ton / ' plregktan /
( BIOLOGY ) the very small plants and animals that live in water
plant l Ф / plsent /
[ count ]
anything that grows from the ground
Collocations
The Natural World
animals
animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something) birds fly/sing/nest/migrate insects crawl/fly/bite/sting hunt/capture/kill prey lay/fertilize eggs plants and fungi trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower a seed sprouts
leaves/buds/shoots appear/develop/form a fungus grows/spreads pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant produce/spread pollen/seeds
plant 2 © / plaent /
to put plants or seeds in the ground
plan • ta • tion / plren'teijn /
a piece of land where things like tea, cotton, or rubber grow
plaque / pirek /
[ count ] a flat piece of stone, metal, or wood with writing on it, which is attached to a wall or other surface
[ noncount ] ( HEALTH ) a harmful substance that forms on your teeth
plas • ter 1 / ' plrestar /
a substance that is used for covering walls inside buildings plas • ter 2 / ' plrestar /
to cover a wall with plaster to make it smooth
to cover a surface with a large amount of something
plas .tic © / 'plsestik/
an artificial material that is used for making many different things
plas • tic sur • ger • y / ^lrest* ' sard3ari /
plant
flower
( HEALTH ) medical operations that doctors can do to improve a person's appearance plate © / pleit /
a round dish that you put food on
pla • teau / pire' ton /
[ count ]
( GEOGRAPHY ) a large area of high, flat land plat • form / ' plretform /
a surface that is higher than the floor, where people stand so that other people can see and hear them
the part of a train station where people get on and off trains
plat • i • num / ' plretn^am /
( CHEMISTRY ) an expensive gray-white metal that is often used for making jewelry
play 1 ©/ plei /
to have fun; to do something to enjoy yourself
to take part in a game
( MUSIC ) to make music with a musical instrument
Grammar
We usually say "play the violin, the piano, etc.":
When we talk about playing games or sports, we do not use "the":
to put a CD, DVD, etc. in a machine and listen to it
to act the part of someone in a play Who wants to play the police officer?
play 2 © / plei /
[ count ] a story that you watch in the theater or on television, or listen to on the radio
[ noncount ] games; what children do for fun
play .er © / plcior/
[count]
a person who plays a game
( MUSIC ) a person who plays a musical instrument
play • ful / ' pleifl /
play • ground / 'pleigrannd /
[ count ]
an area where children can play, for example at school
play •ing card / ' pleiig kard / ( also card )
one of a set of 52 cards with numbers and pictures on them, which you use for playing games
play • ing field / ' pieiig fiid /
a large area of grass where people play sports like football
play • off / ' pleiof/
( SPORTS ) one or more games that are played by the best teams or players, in order to decide who the winner is
play • wright / ' pleirait /
a person who writes plays
pla • za / ' plazs /
an open space in a city or town with offices or stores around it
plea / pii /
[count]
asking for something with strong feeling
plead / plid /
plead • ed or pled / pled / has plead • ed or has pled )
to ask for something in a very strong way
to say in a court of law that you did or did not do a crime
pleas .ant Ф / 'pleznt/
nice, enjoyable, or friendly
a word that you use when you ask for something politely
please 2 Ф Ри2 / verb
( pleas es , pleas • ing , pleased )
happy
playing cards
spade
heart
pleas .ure Ф/ 'pi-pr/ noun
[ noncount ] the feeling of being happy or enjoying something
[ count ] something that makes you happy
it's a pleasure
You say "it's a pleasure" as a polite way of answering
someone who thanks you
with pleasure
You say "with pleasure" to show in a polite way that you are happy to do something
pleat / plit /
pled
plen .ty Ф / 'plenti/
as much or as many as you need; a lot
pli • ers / ' plaisrz/
a tool for holding small objects or for cutting wire
plod / plad /
to walk slowly in a heavy, tired way
plot 1 / plat /
1 ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) what happens in a story, play,
or movie
a secret plan to do something bad
a small piece of land that you use or you plan to use for a special purpose
plot 2 / plat /
to make a secret plan to do something bad
plow / plau /
a large farm tool that is pulled across a field to dig the soil
► plow
pluck / pl.\k /
to remove something by pulling it quickly
plug 1 / pL\g /
a thing with metal pins that joins a lamp, machine, etc. to a place in the wall (called an outlet ) where there is electricity
a round thing that you put in the hole of a container to keep the water in
plug 2 / plAg /
to fill a hole, so that nothing can get out
plug something in to join a lamp, machine, etc. to the
electricity, using a plug 1 ( 1 )
—ANTONYM unplug
plum / plAm /
a soft round fruit with a hard round part (called a pit ) in the middle
plumb • er / ' pkmar /
a person whose job is to put in and repair things like water pipes and toilets
plumb • ing / ' pkmig /
[noncount]
the pipes that carry water into and around a building The builders are putting in the plumbing and central heating.
the work of a plumber
plump / plAmp /
a little fat, in a nice way
plunge / pknd3 /
( plung es , plung • ing , plunged )
to jump or fall suddenly into something
to push something suddenly and strongly into something else
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a word that shows there is more than one
( MATH ) added to; and
—ANTONYM minus
plus 2 AW Щ / plAs /
( also plus sign / ' plAs sain / ) ( MATH ) the sign ( + )
an advantage
(used after a number) or more
(used after a letter grade on students' work) a little more than
plu • to • ni • um / plu' touniam /
( CHEMISTRY ) a dangerous chemical substance that is used as a fuel in places where they make nuclear energy (called power plants )
You use p.m. after a time to show that it is between 12
o'clock in the day and 12 o'clock at night
Look
pneu • mo • nia / nu' mounya /
( HEALTH ) a serious illness of the lungs (= the parts of your body that you breathe with )
poach / poutf /
1 to cook food gently in liquid
had a poached egg for breakfast.
to kill and steal animals, birds, or fish from another person's land
P.O. Box / |pi ' ou baks /
a box in a post office for keeping any mail sent to a person or an office
P0Ck .et О / 'pakot /
the part of a piece of clothing that you can put things in
Look at the picture at clothes .
pick someone's pocket
to steal money from someone's pocket or bag
pock • et • book / ' pakatbuk /
a small bag that a woman uses for carrying things like money and keys
—SYNONYM purse
pock • et • knife / ' pakatnaif /
—SYNONYM jackknife pod / pad /
( BIOLOGY ) a long, thin case that some plants have, which is filled with seeds
pod • cast / ' padkrest /
( COMPUTERS ) something that has been recorded so that you can take it from the Internet and watch or listen to it on your computer or MP3 player (= a small device that stores and plays music and video )
po • di • um / ' poudiam /
po .em © / 'роиэт/
po • et / ' pouat /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a person who writes poems po • et • ic / pou ' etik /
PO .et . Гу Ф/ 'poustri /
poi lit l Ф / point /
[count]
a fact, an idea, or an opinion
— Look
the purpose of, or the reason for, doing something
a particular moment in time
a particular place
( MATH ) a small round mark (.) that we use when writing part of a number (called a decimal )
the sharp end of something
a unit that you win in a game or sport
be on the point of doing something
point 2 ©/ point /
1 to show where something is using your finger, a stick, etc.
asked him where the bank was and he pointed across the road.
to hold something toward someone or something
point something out to tell or show someone something
point .ed ® / ' pointad /
point • less / ' pointlas /
with no use or purpose
point of view / |point av ' vyu /
poi . son 1 Ф / 'poizn /
[ count, noncount ]
something that will kill you or make you very sick if you eat or drink it
poi . SOn 2
to use poison to kill or hurt someone or something poi .SOn .OUS © / 'poizn^os/
Something that is poisonous will kill you or make you very sick if you eat or drink it
poke / pouk /
to push someone or something hard with your finger or another long thin thing
to push something quickly somewhere
pok • er / ' poukar /
[ noncount ] a game that people play with cards, usually for money
[ count ] a metal stick that you use for moving the wood in a fire
( GEOGRAPHY ) connected with the areas around the top and bottom of the earth (called the North Pole and the South Pole )
po • lar bear / ' poular ber /
a large white animal that lives near the North Pole
pole / poui /
a long, thin piece of wood or metal. Poles are often used to hold something up
( GEOGRAPHY ) one of two places at the top and bottom of the earth
the pole vault / бэ 'poul volt /
( SPORTS ) the sport of jumping over a high bar using a long pole to push yourself off the ground
po .lice Ф / po'lis/
the official organization whose job is to make sure that people do not break the laws of a country
po • lice force / pa 'lis fors /
po • lice of • fi • cer / pa ' lis oasar /
( also of • fi • cer )
a man or woman who works in the police
po • lice sta • tion / pa ' lis |steijn /
[ count ]
an office where police officers work
po • lice • wo • man / pa '^w^man /
[ count ] (
pol • i • cy AWU / ' palasi /
( POLITICS ) the plans of a government or organization
pol • ish 1 / ' palif /
a cream or liquid that you put on something to make it shine
pol • ish 2 / ' palif /
to rub something so that it shines
—ANTONYM impolite , rude
po • lite • ly / pa ' laitli / adverb He asked politely for a glass of water.
po • lite • ness / pa'laitnas /
po .lit . i .cal О / poiitikl /
( POLITICS ) connected with politics or the government
po • lit • i • cal • ly / pa ' litikli / adverb a politically powerful country
po • lit • i • cal • ly cor • rect
/ pa|litikli ka 'rekt /
po • lit • i • cal sci • ence / pahnik ' saians /
( POLITICS ) the study of politics and systems of government
pol .i .ti .cian Ф /|Раьъгп/
pol . i .tics © / 'pabtiks /
( POLITICS ) the work and ideas that are connected with government
There are two main political parties in the United States.
These are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party .
poll / ponl /
a way of discovering opinions by asking a group of people questions
( POLITICS ) an election; the number of votes in an election
pol • len / ' palan /
( BIOLOGY ) the yellow powder in flowers that is taken to other flowers by insects or by the wind
pol • li • nate / ' palaneit /
( BIOLOGY ) to put pollen into a flower or plant so that it
produces seeds
pol • li • na • tion / pala 'neifn/
a substance that pollutes air, rivers, etc.
pol • lute / pa ' lut /
to make the air, rivers, etc. dirty and dangerous
pol .lu .tion Ф / ps'lufn/
the action of making the air, rivers, etc. dirty and dangerous
dirty and dangerous chemicals, gases, etc. that harm the environment
cause climate change/global warming produce pollution/carbon dioxide/CO 2 destroy/harm the environment/wildlife pollute the environment/the air/rivers and lakes/the oceans
protecting the environment
reduce/limit pollution/emissions protect/save the planet/the rain forests/an endangered species energy and resources save/consume/waste energy dump/throw away garbage/trash/waste recycle bottles/packaging/paper/waste get/generate/produce electricity from wind/solar power
pol • y • es • ter / pali ' estar /
an artificial material that is used for making clothes, etc.
pol • y • gon / ' paligan /
( MATH ) a flat shape with at least three straight sides and angles
pond / pand /
a small area of water
po • ny / ' ponni /
a small horse
po • ny • tail / ponni|teil /
long hair that you tie at the back of your head so that it hangs down
pOOl 1 Ф / pul /
[ count ] ( also swim - ming pool ) a place that has been built for people to swim in
[ count ] a small area of liquid or light on the ground
[ noncount ] a game in which two players try to hit balls into pockets on the edge of a table, using a long stick
pool 2 / pul /
to collect money or ideas together from different people
poor Ф / pur /
with very little money
—ANTONYM rich
a word that you use when you feel sad because someone has problems
bad
poor • ly / ' purli /
pop 1 / pap /
( also pop mu • sic ) [ noncount ]
( MUSIC ) modern music that is most popular among young people
[ count ] a short, sharp sound
pop 2 / pap /
to burst, or to make something burst, with a short sharp sound
to put something somewhere quickly Katie popped a candy into her mouth. pop up
(
pop • corn / ' papkorn /
[noncount]
yellow grains from a tall plant (called corn ) that are heated until they burst and become light white balls
pope / poup /
Pop • si • cle™ / ' papsikl /
a piece of sweet ice on a stick
pop .u .lar Ф / papyslsr /
liked by a lot of people
—ANTONYM unpopular
pop • u • lar • i • ty / ,papys ' lrersti /
being liked by many people
pop • u • late / ' papysleit /
( GEOGRAPHY ) to fill a particular area with people
pop • u • la • tion / ,papys' leijn /
porch / port/ /
a covered area with an open front, which is joined to a house on the ground floor
por • cu • pine
/ porkyspain /
a small brown or black animal that is covered with long sharp parts (called spines )
pore / por /
one of the small holes in your skin that sweat passes through
pork / pork /
meat from a pig
port Ф / port /
port • a • ble / ' portsbl /
able to be moved or carried easily
por • ter / ' portsr /
a person whose job is to carry people's bags in places like railroad stations and hotels
port • fo • li • o / port ' fouliou /
a thin flat case for carrying documents, drawings, etc.
( ART ) a collection of photographs, drawings, etc. that you show to people as an example of your work
por • tion AWL / ' por/n /
a part of something larger
an amount of food for one person
por • trait / ' portrst /
( ART ) a painting or picture of a person
por • tray / por' trei /
to describe someone or something in a particular way The lawyer portrayed her client as an honest family man.
to act the part of someone in a play or movie
pose 1 AWL / pouz /
to cause or create something that someone must deal with
( ART ) to sit or stand in a particular position for a painting or photograph
pose 2 AWL / pouz /
[count]
( ART ) the position that someone stands or sits in, in order to be painted or photographed
posh / paj /
expensive and of good quality
po .si .tion Ф / po'zij'n/
[ count, noncount ] the place where someone or something is
[ count, noncount ] the way that someone or something is sitting, standing, facing, etc.
[ count, noncount ] how things are at a certain time He's in a difficult position — he doesn't have enough money to finish school.
4[count]ajob
pos .i .tive Ф / puzotiv/
thinking or talking about the good parts of a situation
—ANTONYM negative
completely sure
( HEALTH ) (used about a medical test) showing that something has happened or is there
—ANTONYM negative
( MATH ) (used about a number) more than zero —ANTONYM negative
pos • i • tive • ly aw / ' pazativli /
really; extremely
pos • sess / pa ' zes /
to have or own something
pos • ses • sion / pa ' zejn /
Remember! You spell possession with SS and SS .
[ noncount ] (
the fact of having or owning something
possessions [ plural ] the things that you have or own —SYNONYM belongings
pos • ses • sive / pa ' zesiv /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) used to describe words that show who or what a person or thing belongs to
pos .si .bil .i .ty Ф / jxiss'bibti/ noun
[ count ] (
pos .si .ble Ф / pasobl/
able to happen or to be done
—ANTONYM impossible
pos .si .bly Ф / 'passbli/
perhaps
in a way that can be done
pOSt 1 Ф / poust /
a piece of wood or metal that stands in the ground to hold something or to show where something is
— Look
a job, especially an important one in a large organization
post 2 / poust /
to put a notice where everyone can see it, for example in a
public place or on the Internet
post • age / ' poustid3 /
money that you pay to send a letter or package post • al / ' poustl /
connected with sending and receiving letters, packages, etc.
post • card / ' poustkard /
post • er / ' poustar /
a big piece of paper on a wall, with a picture or words on it
post • grad • u • ate / ipoust 'grred3uat /
connected with studies that someone does at a university after they have received their first degree
post of • fice / ' poust ofas /
post • pone / pous ' poun /
to say that something will happen later than you planned
pot Ф / pat /
a deep, round container for cooking
a container that you use for a special thing
po • tas • si • um / pa ' tresiam /
[ noncount ] (
( CHEMISTRY ) a soft, silver-white metal that is used especially in mixtures (called compounds )
PO .ta .tO ©/ ps'teitou
a white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground
po • ta • to chip / pa 'teitou tfip /
a very thin piece of potato cooked in hot oil and eaten cold
po • ten • tial 1 AWL / pa ' tenjl /
possible; likely to happen or exist
► po • ten • tial • ly AWL / pa 'ten/ali /
dangerous )
po • ten • tial 2 AWL / pa'tenjl /
[noncount]
qualities or possibilities that exist and can be developed
pot • ter • y / ' patari /
cups, plates, and other things that are made from clay (= heavy earth that becomes hard when it is baked in an oven )
( ART ) the activity of making cups, plates, and other things from clay
poul • try / ' poultri/
birds such as chickens that people keep on farms for their eggs or their meat
pounce / pauns /
to jump on someone or something suddenly
pound © / paund /
(
lbs. sugar
2 (
pour Ф / por /
to make liquid flow out of or into something
to flow quickly
to rain very hard
pov • er • ty / ' pavarti /
the state of being poor
pow . der ©/ 'paudsr /
a dry substance like flour that is made of a lot of very small pieces
pow .er Ф / 'раиэг/
1 [ noncount ] the ability to control people or things; the
ability to do things
did everything in my power (= everything I could do ) to help her.
[ noncount ] the energy or strength that someone or something has
[ noncount ] energy that can be collected and used for making machines work, making electricity, etc.
[ count ] the right to do something
[ count ] a strong person or country There is a meeting of world powers next week.
[ count , usually singular ] ( math ) the number of times that a number is to be multiplied by itself
POW .er .ful Ф / paoorfl /
having a lot of strength or power The car has a very powerful engine.
having a strong effect
pow • er • less / ' pauarlas /
pow • er plant / ' pauar plrent/
a place where electricity is made
PR / |pi ' ar /
prac .ti .cal © /'prsek
connected with doing or making things, not just with ideas
sensible or suitable; likely to be successful
—ANTONYM impractical
good at making and repairing things
prac • ti • cal joke / |prrektikl ' d3ouk /
[ count ]
a trick that you play on someone that makes him or her look silly and makes other people laugh
prac • ti • cal • ly / ' prrektikli /
almost; nearly
prac .tice 1Ф / 'pr^ktos / noun
[ noncount ] action rather than ideas or thoughts Your plan sounds fine, but would it work in practice ?
[ noncount ] doing something many times so that you will do it well
out of practice
not good at something, because you have not done it for a long time
prac .tice 2Ф /'pr^ktos/ verb
( prac - tic - es , prac - tic - ing , prac - ticed )
to do something many times so that you will do it well
to work as a doctor, dentist, or lawyer
prai • rie / ' preri /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a very large area of flat land that is covered in grass and few trees (especially in the middle of the U.S.)
praise / preiz /
to say that someone or something is good
pray / prei /
prayer © / prer/
( RELIGION )
[ count ] words that you say when you speak to God or a god
[ noncount ] the act of praying the power of prayer
preach / pritj /
( preach - es , preach - ing , preached ) ( RELIGION ) to talk about God or a god to a group of people
preach • er / ' pritfsr /
( RELIGION ) a person who gives religious talks in public
pre • cau • tion / pri kojn /
[ count ]
pre • cede aw / pri ' sid /
( pre - cedes , pre - ced - ing , pre - ced - ed )
to happen or come before someone or something
pre • cinct / ' prisigkt /
pre • cious / ' prejss /
very valuable or expensive Diamonds are precious stones.
that you consider to be very special
pre • cip • i • ta • tion / pri, sips ' teijn /
[noncount] (
( GEOGRAPHY ) rain or snow that falls to the ground
pre • cise AWL / pri ' sais /
exactly right
pre • cise • ly AWL / pri 'saisli / adverb They arrived at two o'clock precisely.
pre • ci • sion AWL / pri 'si3n /
the quality of being clear or exact
pred • a • tor / ' predstsr /
( BIOLOGY ) an animal that kills and eats other animals
pred • e • ces • sor / ' preds,sessr
the person who did a job before the person who does it now
pre • dic • a • ment / pri diksmsnt /
an unpleasant and difficult situation that is hard to get out of
pre • dict aw / pri ' dikt /
( pre - dicts , pre - dict - ing , pre - dict - ed )
to say what you think will happen
pre • dict • a • ble AWL| / pri 'diktsbl /
that was or could be expected to happen
pre • dic • tion AWL| / pridikjn /
[ count, noncount ]
saying what will happen; what someone thinks will happen
pref • ace / prefss /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a piece of writing at the beginning of a book that explains what it is about or why it was written
pre .fer Ф / pn'for /
( pre - fers , pre - fer - ring , pre - ferred )
pref • er • a • ble / prefsrsbl /
better or more suitable
pref • er • a • bly / ' prefsrsbli /
pref • er • ence / ' prefsrsns /
[ count, noncount ]
a feeling that you like one thing or person better than another
pre • fix / prifiks /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a group of letters that you add to
the beginning of a word to make another word
preg • nan • cy / ' pregnsnsi /
[ count, noncount ] (
preg . nant О / 'pregnant /
( HEALTH ) If a woman is pregnant , she has a baby
growing in her body
pre • his • tor • ic / |prihi ' storik /
( HISTORY ) from the time in history before events were written down
prej•u • dice / pred3adis /
[ count, noncount ]
a strong idea that you do not like someone or something, for a reason that is wrong or unfair
pre • lim • i • nar • y / pri ' lima|neri /
pre • ma • ture / |prima ' tfnr /
happening before the expected time
pre • mier / primir /
( POLITICS ) the leader of the government in some countries
prep .a .ra .tion Ф / .prepa'reijh/
1 [ noncount ] making something ready
packed my bags in preparation for the trip.
preparations [ plural ] what you do to get ready for something
pre . pare Ф / priper /
( pre - pares , pre - par - ing , pre - pared )
to make someone or something ready; to make yourself ready
pre • pared / pri ' perd /
happy to do something
—SYNONYM willing
prep • o • si • tion / prepa 'zijn /
pre • school / priskul /
—SYNONYM nursery school
pre • scribe / pri skraib /
( HEALTH ) to say that someone must take a medicine
pre • scrip • tion / pri skripjn /
[ count, noncount ]
( HEALTH ) a piece of paper that a doctor gives to you with the name of your medicine on it
pres • ence / ' prezns /
the fact of being in a place
preS .ent 1 Ф / 'preznt/
When the word present is a noun or an adjective, you say the first part of the word louder: PRESent . When the word present is a verb, you say the second part of the word louder: preSENT .
in a place
being or happening now What is your present job?
—SYNONYM current
pres .ent 2 Ф / 'preznt /
[ count ] something that you give to someone or get from someone
[ noncount ] the time now
the present ( also the pre - sent tense ) [ singular ] the form of a verb that you use to talk about what is happening or what exists now
pre . sent 3 Ф / prizent /
( pre -sents ,pre - sent - ing ,pre - sent ed )
to give something to someone, especially in a formal ceremony
pres • en • ta • tion / prezn ' teifn ; |prizn' teifn /
[ count, noncount ] the act of giving something to someone, especially in a formal ceremony
[ count ] a meeting where someone shows or explains something to the people listening
pres • ent par • ti • ci • ple / preznt
' partasipl /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a verb that ends in "-
ing"
the pres • ent per • fect/da preznt ' parfikt /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a verb for things that began in the past and continue now. We make it with the present tense of "have" and a past participle of the verb
the pres • ent tense / da preznt ' tens /
( also the pres - ent )
pres • er • va • tion / iprezar ' veifn /
[noncount]
the act of keeping something safe or in good condition
pre • ser • va • tive / pri ' zarvativ /
[ count, noncount ]
a substance that is added to food so that it stays in good condition for longer
pre • serve / pri ' zarv /
( pre • serves , pre • serv • ing , pre • served )
pres • i • den • cy / ' prezadansi /
the presidency [ singular ] the position of being president
[ count ] the period of time that someone is president These events happened during the third year of his presidency.
pres .i .dent ® / ' prezadant /
( POLITICS ) the leader of the country in many countries of the world
Word building
The U.S. Government
The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
( BUSINESS ) the person with the highest position in an organization or a company
Pres • i • dents' Day / ' prezadants dei /
[count]
a holiday on the third Monday in February to celebrate the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln
preSS 1 © / pres /
the press [ noncount ] newspapers and magazines and the people who write them
[ count ] a machine for printing things like books and newspapers
preSS 2 О / pres /
to push something
to make clothes flat and smooth using a piece of electrical equipment that gets hot (called an iron )
press con • fer • ence / ' pres |kanfrans /
a meeting when a famous or important person answers questions from news reporters
pres .sure 1Ф/'pn-jor/ noun
[ noncount ] the force that presses on something The pressure of the water caused the dam to crack.
[ count, noncount ] ( physics ) the force that a gas or liquid has when it is contained inside something
[ count, noncount ] a feeling of being worried because of the things you have to do
pres • sure 2 / ' prejar /
( pres sures, pres • sur• ing , pres • sured )
to make someone do something that they do not really want to do
pres • tige / pre ' sti3 /
the respect that someone or something has because they have a high social position or they have been very successful
► pres • ti • gious / pre ' stid3as /
pre • sum • a • bly aw / pri ' zumabli /
a word you use when you think that something is probably true
pre • sume AWL / pri 'zum /
to think that something is true, although you are not sure
pre .tend О / pri tend /
pre • ten • tious / pri ' tenjas /
trying to appear more serious or important than you really are in order to impress other people
pre • text / ' pritekst /
pret .ty 1 © / 'prrti/
very, but not completely
—SYNONYM quite
pretty much ; pretty well
almost
pret • Zel / ' pretsl/
a type of bread that is rolled and twisted into a special shape and baked with salt. Pretzels are often thin and hard
pre .vent © / pn'vent /
to stop someone from doing something; to stop something from happening
pre • ven • tion / pri ' ven/n /
[noncount]
stopping someone from doing something or stopping something from happening
pre • view / ' privyu /
a chance to see a play, movie, etc. before it is shown to the general public
a chance to see what something will be like before it happens or is shown
pre .vi .OUS © / 'priviss/
prey / prei /
[noncount]
an animal or bird that another animal or bird kills for food
price © / prais /
[count ]
how much money you pay to buy something
Thesaurus
cost the money that you need to buy, make, or do something:
fee the money you pay to go into a place, or for professional advice or services from doctors, lawyers, colleges, etc.:
expense the money you spend on something, or something that makes you spend money:
price • less / ' praislas /
extremely valuable
pric • ey ( also pric • y ) / ' praisi /
expensive
prick / prik /
to make a very small hole in something, or to hurt someone, with a sharp point
covered with sharp points
pride / praid /
the feeling that you are proud of something that you or others have or have done
the feeling that you are better than other people The adjective is proud .
priest © / prist /
a person who leads people in their religion
pri • mar • i • ly AWL / prai ' merali /
pri • mar • y АИИ / ' prai|meri /
first; most important
pri • mar • y col • or / |praimeri ' кл1эг /
[count]
( ART ) any of the colors red, yellow, or blue. You can make any other color by mixing primary colors in different ways.
most important
of very good quality
prime min • is • ter / |praim ' minastar /
( POLITICS ) the leader of the government in some countries, for example in Britain
prime num • ber / |praim ' nAmbar / [count]
( MATH ) a number that can only be divided by itself and 1. The numbers 7, 17, and 41 are prime numbers.
prim • i • tive / ' primativ /
very simple; not developed
prince / prins /
a man in a royal family, especially the son of a king or queen
( POLITICS ) a man from a royal family who is the leader of a small country
prin • cess / ' prinses /
[ count ] (
a woman in a royal family, especially the daughter of a king or queen or the wife of a prince
prin .ci .pal iO
most important
prin • ci • pal 2 aw / ' prinsapl / [count]
a person who is in charge of a school
prin • ci • pal • ly aw / ' prinsapli /
mainly; mostly
prin • ci • ple aw / ' prinsapl / [count]
1 a rule about how you should live
refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles .
a rule or fact about how something happens or works
print 1 Ф / print /
to put words or pictures onto paper using a machine. Books, newspapers, and magazines are printed .
to write with letters that are not joined together
print something out to print information from a
computer onto paper
The noun is printout .
print 2 / print /
[ noncount ] letters that a machine makes on paper The print is too small to read without my glasses.
[ count ] a mark where something has pressed on something
[ count ] ( ART ) a copy on paper of a painting or photograph
print • er / ' printar /
a machine that prints words from a computer
a person or company that prints things like books or newspapers
print • out / ' printant /
—SYNONYM previous
pri • or • i • tize AWL / prai ' orataiz /
to organize things so that you can do the most important first
pri .ОГ .i .ty Ф / prai'orsti /
(
[ count ] something that you think is more important than other things and that you must do first
[ noncount ] being more important than someone or something or coming before someone or something else We give priority to families with small children. Emergency cases take priority over other patients in the hospital.
prism / ' prizam /
—SYNONYM jail
priS .on .er Ф / prizn-or/
a person who is in prison as a punishment; a person who is not free
pri • va • cy / ' praivasi /
being alone and not watched or disturbed by other people
pri . vate Ф / praivot/
for one person or a small group of people only, and not for anyone else
alone; without other people there
not connected with your job
not controlled or paid for by the government
alone; without other people there
pri • vate • ly / ' praivstli /
priv • i • lege / ' privsiid3 /
something special that only one person or a few people may do or have
priv • i • leged / ' privslid3d /
prize © / praiz /
something that you give to the person who wins a game,
race, etc.
prob • a • bil • i • ty / ,prabs ' bilsti /
prob .a .ble © / prabsbl /
—ANTONYM improbable
РГОЬ .a . Ыу © / 'prabbli/
prob . lem © / 'prabbm/
something that is difficult; something that makes you worry
a question that you must answer by thinking about it
no problem (
words you use to say that something is easy and you don't mind doing it
prob • lem • at • ic / ,prabls ' mretik /
causing a lot of problems, or full of problems
pro • ce • dure aw / prs ' sid3sr /
[ count, noncount ]
the usual or correct way of doing something
pro • ceed aw L / prs ' sid ; prou ' sid /
to continue doing something
to do something next, after having done something else first
proc . ess © / 'prases /
a number of actions, one after the other, for doing or making something
a number of changes that happen in a natural way Trees go through the process of growing and losing leaves every year.
pro • ces • sion / prs ' sejn /
[ count ]
a line of people or cars that are moving slowly along
pro .duce i© / prs dus /
to make or grow something This factory produces cars. What does the farm produce?
to make something happen
to bring something out to show it She produced a ticket from her pocket.
to organize something like a play or movie She is producing a play at our local theater.
pro • duce 2 / proudus /
[noncount]
food that you grow on a farm or in a garden to sell
pro • duc • er / prs dussr /
a person who organizes something like a play or movie
a company or country that makes or grows something
prOd . UCt © / 'pradAkt /
[count]
something that people make or grow to sell The company has just launched a new product.
( MATH ) the amount you get if you multiply one number by another
pro .due .tion © / pro(Kk111 /
[ noncount ] the action of making or growing something
[ count ] a play, movie, etc.
pro • duc • tive / prs d. ktiv /
doing, achieving, or producing a lot
pro • fes • sion / prs ' fejn /
[ count ]
a job that needs a lot of studying and special training
Thesaurus
work the job that you do to earn money. Work is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "a work" or "works":
employment the state of having a job that you are paid to do. This is a noncount noun, and is a more formal word than work and job :
pro • fes • sion • al 1 Ф |aWL / pra 'fejanl /
1 connected with a profession
got professional advice from a lawyer.
doing something for money as a job
—ANTONYM amateur
pro • fes • sion • al • ly AWL / pra ' fejbnbi / adverb He plays the piano professionally.
pro • fes • sion • al 2 AWL / pra 'fejanl /
[ count ]
a person who works in a job that needs a lot of training or education
pro • fes • sor / pra ' fesar /
[ count ]
a teacher at a college or university
pro • fi • cient / pra ' fi/nt /
able to do a particular thing well
pro • fi • cien • cy / pra ' f/nsi /
[noncount]
pro • file / proufail /
the shape of a person's face when you see it from the side
a short description of someone or something that gives useful information
money that you get when you sell something for more than it cost to buy or make
prof • it • a • ble / ' prafatabl /
If something is profitable , it brings you money
pro • found / pra ' faund /
that you feel very strongly
pro .gram 1Ф/ prougrrem /
[ count ]
1 something on television or radio
Collocations
Television
watching
watch television/TV/a show/a program/a documentary/a repeat see a commercial/the news change/switch the channel turn on/turn off the television/the TV showing
show a program/a documentary/a commercial/an episode
get low/high ratings appearing
be on/appear on television/TV/a show/a talk show
take part in a show/a game show
do/make a show/a commercial/a documentary
an official plan or system for doing something
( COMPUTERS ) a set of instructions that you give to a computer
a piece of paper or a little book that tells people at a play or concert what they are going to see or hear
pro • gram 2 / proug rrem /
► pro • gram • ming / 'prougrremig /
pro • gram • mer / ' prougrremar /
[count]
a person whose job is to write programs for a computer
pro .gress 1 Ф/ pruyros /
improvement or development
movement forward
happening now
pro • gress 2 / pra ' gres /
to improve or develop
to move forward; to continue
pro • hib • it aw / prou ' hibat /
( pro hib . its , pro hib . it . ing , pro . hib . it . ed )
—SYNONYM forbid
pro • hi • bi • tion AWL / proua 'bijn /
[ count, noncount ] (
a law or rule that says people must not do something
Prohibition [ noncount ] ( history ) the time between 1920 and 1933, when it was illegal to produce and sell alcoholic drinks in the U.S.
pro . ject 1 © / 'prad3ekt /
a big plan to do something
a piece of work that you do at school. You find out a lot about something and write about it
pro • ject 2 AWL / pra ' d3ekt /
to plan something that will happen in the future
to make light, a moving picture, etc. appear on a flat surface or screen
pro • jec • tion AWL / pra 'd3ekjn /
[ count, noncount ]
pro • jec • tor / pra 'd3ektar /
a machine that shows movies or pictures on a wall or screen
pro • lif • ic / pra ' lifik /
producing a lot of music, writing, art, etc.
pro • long / pra 'log /
( pro • longs , pro long ing , pro longed )
to make something last longer
a formal dance for high school students that happens near the end of the school year
prom • i • nent / ' pramanant /
easy to see, for example because it is bigger than usual
important and famous
prom . ise 1Ф / pramos /
1 to say that you will certainly do or not do something
promise that I'll come. Promise me you won't be late!
to show signs that something will be good or successful
prom . ise 2 Ф / pramos /
when you say that you will certainly do or not do something
prom • is • ing / ' pramasig /
showing signs of being very good or successful
pro • mote АИД / pra 'mout /
to give someone a more important job
—ANTONYM demote
to help a product sell more or be more popular
pro • mo • tion AWL| / pra 'mou/n /
[ count, noncount ]
prompt • ly / ' pramptli /
likely to suffer from something or to do something bad
pro • noun / ' prounaun /
pro • nounce / pra ' nauns /
pro .nun .ci .a .tion Ф /pr^nAnsi'eiJh/
how you say a word or words
proof Ф / pruf /
information which shows that something is true
The verb is prove .
SUFFIX
-proof
( in adjectives ) able to protect against the thing mentioned
proof • read / ' prufrid /
( proof reads , proof • read • ing , proof • read
/ ' prufred / has proof read )
to read and correct a piece of writing
prop • a • gan • da / |prapa ' grenda / [noncount]
( POLITICS ) information and ideas that may not be completely true, which are used by governments or organizations to influence people
pro • pel • ler / pra 'pelar /
a part that is connected to the engine on a ship or an airplane. It turns around very fast to make the ship or airplane move.
РГОР .еГ Ф / 'ргарэг /
prop • er • ly / ' praparli /
well or correctly
prop • er name / prapar ' neim /
( also prop • er noun / prapar ' naun / )
prop .er .ty О / 'pruporti /
(
[ noncount ] something that you have or own This book is the property of James Waters.
[ count ] a building and the land around it
[ count ] a special quality or characterisitc that a substance has
proph • et / ' prafat /
pro • por • tion AW / pra ' porfn /
[ count ] a part of something
[ noncount ] the amount or size of one thing compared to another thing
pro • pos • al / pra ponzl /
[count]
a plan or idea about how to do something
when you ask someone to marry you
pro • pose / pra ' ponz /
1 (
propose that we meet again on Monday. —SYNONYM suggest
to ask someone to marry you
prop • o • si • tion / |prapa ' zifn /
[count]
( BUSINESS ) a business idea, plan, or offer That sounds like an interesting proposition.
( also Proposition ) a suggested change to a law that people can vote on
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) writing that is not poetry
pros • e • cute / ' prasakyut /
to say officially in a court of law that someone has done
something illegal
pros • e • cu • tion / |prasa ' kyufn /
[ count, noncount ] the process of officially trying to show that someone has done something illegal, in a court of law
the prosecution [ singular ] the lawyers who are trying to show that someone is guilty in a court of law
pros • pect AWL / ' praspekt /
[ singular ] a thought about what may or will happen in the future
prospects [ plural ] chances of being successful in the future
pros • per / ' praspar /
to be successful, especially with money
pros • per • i • ty / pra'sperati / noun [ noncount ] Tourism brought great prosperity to the region.
pros • per • ous / ' prasparas /
rich and successful
pros • ti • tute / ' prastatut /
a person, especially a woman, who earns money by having sex with people
pro .tect Ф / pro'trkt /
( pro tects , pro - tect - ing , pro - tect - ed )
to keep someone or something safe
РГО .teC .tion Ф/ pra'tekjn/
pro • tein / 'prontin /
( BIOLOGY ) a substance in foods such as meat, fish, and eggs. Proteins helps you to grow and stay healthy.
pro .test 1 Ф / 'proutest/
[ count ]
an action that shows publicly that you do not like or
approve of something
pro • test 2 / pra ' test /
to say or show strongly that you do not like something
Prot • es • tant / ' pratastant /
pro • ton / ' prontan /
( MATH ) a thing you use to measure and draw angles. It is usually a half circle of clear plastic with degrees (0° to 180°) marked on it.
proud Ф / prand /
pleased about something that you or others have done or about something that you have
thinking that you are better than other people
The noun is pride .
proud • ly / ' prandli /
prove Ф / pruv /
prov • erb / pravsrb /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a short sentence that people often say, which gives help or advice
pro .vide
to give something to someone who needs it
provide for someone to give someone everything they
need to live
pro • vid • ed / prs ' vaidsd /
( also pro - vid - ing / prs ' vaidig / )
only if
prov • ince / ' pravsns /
[count]
( POLITICS ) a main part of some countries, which has its own government
pro • vi • sion / prs ' vi3n /
[ noncount ] when something is given to someone who needs it
provisions [ plural ] (
supplies of food and drinks
pro • voke / prs vouk /
to cause a particular feeling or reaction
to say or do something that you know will make a person angry or upset
prowl / praul /
(used about an animal that is hunting or a person who is waiting for a chance to do something bad) to move around an area quietly so that no one sees or hears you
prune / prun /
a dried plum (= a soft round fruit that grows on trees )
pry / prai /
1 to try to find out about someone else's private life
don't mean to pry, but is everything okay between you and Sam?
to use force to open something, remove a lid, etc.
You write P.S. at the end of a letter, after your name, when
you want to add something
pseu • do • nym / ' sudsnim /
a name used by someone, especially a writer, that is not their real name
psy • chi • a • trist / sai 'kaistrist /
a doctor who helps people who have a mental illness
psy • chi • a • try / saikaistri /
having unusual powers that cannot be explained, for example knowing what someone else is thinking
psy • cho • log • i • cal |awl| / ,saiks ' iad3iki /
( HEALTH ) connected with the mind or the way it works
psy • chol • o • gy AWL / sai 'kalsd3i /
the study of the mind and how it works
psy • chol • o • gist AWL / sai 'kalsd3ist /
a person who studies psychology
psy • cho • path / ' saiksp®e /
[count]
a person who has a serious mental illness that makes them behave in a violent way toward other people
pt.
pu • ber • ty / ' pyubsrti /
( BIOLOGY ) the time when a child's body is changing and becoming like that of an adult
pub .lie 1 Ф / p\blik/
connected with everyone; for everyone Pollution is a danger to public health.
known by many people
pub • lic • ly / ' pAblikli /
pub .lie 2Ф / ' pAblik /
people in general; everyone
in public
—ANTONYM in private
pub • li • ca • tion AWB / ^bls' keijn /
[ noncount ] when a book, magazine, etc. is made and sold
[ count ] a book, magazine, etc.
pub • lic • i • ty / pAb' lissti /
giving information about something so that people know about it
pub • li • cize / ' pAblasaiz /
(pub li . ciz es, pub . li . ciz . ing , pub . li . cized )
to attract people's attention to something and give them information about it
pub • lic re •la • tions / ^ьы ri leijnz /
the business of providing information about someone or something, in order to give people a good impression of them
pub • lic school / ' pAblik skul /
a free local school paid for by the government
pub • lic trans • por • ta • tion / pAbiik
itrrenspor ' tei/n /
pub • lish © AWL / ' pAbliJ /
to prepare and print a book, magazine, or newspaper for selling
to make information available to the public
► pub • lish • er AWL / ' pAbliJar /
puck / pAk /
( SPORTS ) a round, flat, rubber object that players hit with sticks in the sport of ice hockey
pud • ding / 'pudig /
[ noncount ]
a soft, thick, sweet food made with milk, eggs, and sugar
pud • dle / ' pAdi /
a small pool of rain or other liquid on the ground
puff 1 / pAf /
to smoke a cigarette, pipe, etc.
(used about air, smoke, wind, etc.) to blow or come out in clouds
(
puff 2 / pAf /
[count ]
a small amount of air, wind, smoke, etc. that is blown from somewhere
pull W / pul /
to move someone or something strongly toward you
to go forward, moving something behind you
to move something somewhere
pull in to drive a car to the side of the road and stop
pull someone's leg
to try to make someone believe something that is not true, for fun
pull over to drive a car to the side of the road
pull out to drive a car away from the side of the road
pull through to survive a dangerous illness or difficult time
pull yourself together
pull 2 / pul /
an action of pulling something
pul • ley / ' puii /
a piece of equipment consisting of a wheel and a rope, which is used for lifting heavy things
pull • o • ver / ' pulouvar /
a warm piece of clothing with sleeves, which you wear on the top part of your body
pulse / pa1s /
( BIOLOGY ) the beating of your heart that you feel in different parts of your body, especially in your wrist
pump 1 / pAmp /
pump 2 / pAmp /
to force a gas or a liquid to go in a particular direction
pump •kin / ' pAmpkin /
a very large, round vegetable with a thick orange skin
pun / pAn /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a funny use of a word that has two meanings, or that sounds the same as another word
punch / pAntf /
1 to hit someone or something hard with your closed hand (your fist )
2 to make a hole in something with a special tool
punch noun [ count ] ( plural punch es ) a punch in the chin
punc • tu • al / ' pлцktJuэl /
arriving or doing something at the right time; not late
punc • tu • al • ly / ' p^ktjuali / adverb They arrived punctually at seven o'clock.
punc • tu • ate / ' p^ktjueit /
( punc • tu • ates , punc • tu at • ing , punc • tu • at • ed )
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) to put periods, question marks, etc. in your writing
punc • tu • a • tion / |p^ktju' eifn /
[noncount]
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) using punctuation marks
when you are writing
punc • tu •a • tion mark / p^ktju' eijn
mark /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) one of the marks that you use in your writing, for example a period or question mark
punc • ture / ' pлЧktГэr /
( punc • tures , punc • tur • ing , punc • tured )
pun .ish Ф / 'рлщГ/
to make someone suffer because they have done something wrong
pun .ish .ment © / ' pлnIJmэnt /
[ count, noncount ]
an act or a way of punishing someone
pu • pil / ' pyupl /
(
( BIOLOGY ) the round, black part in the middle of your
eye
pup • pet / ' pлpэt /
a small model of a person or animal that you move by pulling strings or by putting your hand inside
pup • py / ' pлpi /
a young dog
pur • chase 1 aw и / ' part/as /
the action of buying something; something that you have bought
pur • chase 2 aw / ' part/as /
( pur•chas•es,pur • chas ing ,pur•chased )
to buy something
not mixed with anything else
clean and healthy
complete or total
pure • ly / ' pyurli /
( CHEMISTRY ) to remove dirty or harmful substances from
something
The adjective is pure .
with a color between red and blue ► pur • ple
PUT . pOSe © / 'porpos /
on purpose
because you want to; not by accident
—SYNONYM deliberately
Thesaurus
purpose the reason for doing something; what something is used for or is supposed to achieve:
pur • pose • ly / ' parpasli /
on purpose; deliberately
purr / par /
When a cat purrs , it makes a low sound that shows that it is happy.
purse / pars /
a bag that a woman uses for carrying things like money and keys
pur • sue AWL / par' su /
to follow someone or something because you want to catch them
pur • suit AWL / psr ' sut /
[ noncount ] the act of trying to achieve or get something
[ count ] an activity that you spend time doing
[noncount]
( HEALTH ) a thick, yellow liquid that sometimes forms in a part of your body that has been hurt
PUSH © / pu|7
to use force to move someone or something forward or away from you
to move forward by pushing someone or something
to press something with your finger Push the red button to stop the machine.
to try to make someone do something Kim will not work hard unless you push her.
push someone around to tell someone what to do in a rude and unpleasant way
push • up / ' pujAp /
[count]
a type of exercise in which you lie on your front and push your body up with your arms
push • y / ' puji /
trying hard to get what you want in a way that seems rude
put Ф/ put /
to move something to a place or position
to write something
to make someone feel something or be affected by something
to say something
put something away to put something back in its usual place
put something down to stop holding something and put it on another thing, for example on the floor or a table
put someone off to make someone not like someone or something
put something off to not do something until later
—SYNONYM delay
put something on
to take clothes and wear them
—ANTONYM take something off
to make a piece of electrical equipment start to work
put something out to stop a fire or to stop a light from shining
put someone up to let someone sleep in your home
put something up
to hold or lift something up
—SYNONYM raise
to build something
to attach something to a wall, etc. so everyone can see it
to increase something
puz • zle 1 / ' pAzl /
[ count ]
a game that is difficult and makes you think a lot
something that is difficult to understand or explain
= jigsaw puzzle
puz • Zle 2 / ' pAzl /
to make you feel that you cannot understand or explain something
puzzle over something to think hard about something in order to understand it
difficult to understand or explain
not able to understand or explain something
py • lon / pailan /
a tall metal tower that supports heavy electrical wires
pyr • a • mid / pirsmid /
[ count ]
( MATH ) a shape with a flat bottom and three or four sides that come to a point at the top
Look at the picture at solid .
py • thon / ' pai9an /
a large snake that kills animals by squeezing them very hard
Q, q / kyu /
qt.
Q-tip™ / ' kyu tip /
quack / kw®k /
[count]
the sound that a duck (= a bird that lives on or near water ) makes
► quack
quad • ru • ple / kwa' drupl /
quaint / kweint /
old-fashioned, usually in an attractive way
qual • i • fi • ca • tion / |kwalafa' keijn /
[ count ]
training, skill, or knowledge that you need to do something, such as a job
qual • i • fied / ' kwalafaid /
having the training, skill, or knowledge that you need to do something
qual • i • fy / ' kwalafai /
to get the right knowledge, skill, and training so that you can do something
to have or give someone the right to have or do something
qual .i .ty Ф / 'kwabti/ noun
(
[ noncount ] how good or bad something is The quality of her work is excellent.
[ count ] something that is part of a person's character
quan .ti .ty © /1-wan tot i / noun [ count ] (
—SYNONYM amount
quar • an • tine / ' kworantin /
( HEALTH ) a period of time when a person or an animal is kept away from others so that they or it cannot pass on a disease
quar • rel 1 / ' kworal /
—SYNONYM argument
quar • rel 2 / ' kworal /
—SYNONYM argue
quar • ry / ' kwori /
a place where people cut stone, sand, etc. out of the ground
quart / kwort /
a measure of liquid (= 0.94 liters). There are two pints in a quart and four quarts in a gallon
quar .ter © / 'kwortor/
( MATH ) one of four equal parts of something; У4
fifteen minutes before or after every hour
a coin that is worth 25 cents
Look at the picture at money .
three months
one of the four parts that the academic year is divided into at many schools and colleges
( SPORTS ) one of four equal time periods in a game of football or basketball
quar • ter • back / ' kwortarbrek /
( SPORTS ) the player on a football team who tells the other players what to do and throws the ball to them
quar • tet / kwor ' tet /
( MUSIC ) a group of four people who play music or sing together
Look
queen © / kwin/
( POLITICS ) a woman from a royal family who rules a country
the wife of a king
quench / kwentf /
to drink as much as you need so that you stop feeling thirsty
que • ry 1 / ' kwiri/
a question
ques .tion 1 © / i-wrst/on/
something that you ask
something that you need to deal with; something that is being discussed
in question
that we are talking about
out of the question
not possible
ques .tion 2Фу 'kwestjbn/ verb
( ques . tions , ques . tion . ing , ques . tioned )
to ask someone questions about something The police questioned him about the stolen car.
to feel doubt about something
ques • tion mark / ' kwestjbn mark / [count]
the sign ( ? ) that you write at the end of a question
ques • tion • naire / ^west^ ' ner /
[ count ]
a list of questions for people to answer so that information can be collected from the answers
quick Ф / kwik /
taking little time
—SYNONYM fast —ANTONYM slow
quick .ly Ф / kwikli /
—ANTONYM slowly
qui . et 1 Ф / kvvaiot /
making very little noise Be quiet — the baby's asleep. a quiet voice
—ANTONYM loud , noisy
without many people or without many things happening
qui • et 2 / ' kwaiat/
when there is no noise
quilt / kwilt /
a bed cover with thick, warm material inside
quit / kwit /
quite Ф / kwait /
very, but not extremely
—SYNONYM fairly
not quite
a lot, but not an extremely large amount or number
quiv • er / ' kwivar /
to shake slightly
quiz 1 / kwiz /
a short, informal test
a set of questions that you try to answer in a game or competition
quiz 2 / kwiz /
quo • ta / ' kwouta /
[count]
the limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowed
quo • ta • tion AWL| / kwou' teijn /
( also
words you say or write that another person said or wrote before
( also quote ) ( BUSINESS ) a statement that says how much a piece of work will probably cost
—SYNONYM estimate
quo • ta • tion marks / kwou ' tei/n marks / ( also quotes )
the signs ( " " ) that you use in writing before and after the exact words that someone has said quote 1 AWL / kwout /
to repeat exactly something that another person said or wrote
need to get some quotes for the roof repairs.
quotes [ plural ]
quo • tient / 'kwoujnt /
( MATH ) the amount you get if you divide one number by another
the Qu • r'an ( also the Qu - ran ) / 6s ks 'rsn ;
6s ks 'ran /
Rr
R, r / ar /
R & B / ,ar sn ' bi /
rab • bi / ' r®bai /
rab • bit / ' rrebst /
a small animal with long ears. Rabbits live in holes under the ground.
ra • bies / reibiz /
[noncount]
a serious disease that people can get if a dog or another animal with the disease bites them
rac . coon
/ гж ' kun /
a small animal with black fur around its eyes, and rings of black and white fur on its tail
race lO / l-eis/
( SPORTS ) a competition to see who can run, drive, ride, etc. fastest
a group of people of the same kind, for example with the same color skin, language, or customs
race 2©/ reis /
( SPORTS ) to run, drive, ride, etc. in a competition to see who is the fastest
to move, or to move someone or something, very fast
race • track / ' reistrrek /
a place where you go to see horse races
connected with people's race; happening between people of different races
rac • ing / ' reisig /
the sport of taking part in races
ra • cism / ' reisizsm /
the belief that some groups ( races ) of people are better
than others
rac • ist / ' reisist / noun [ count ] He's a total racist.
rac • ist / ' reisist /
rack / r®k /
a kind of shelf made of bars, which you put things on
rack • et / ' r®kst /
[ singular ] (
( also rac - quet ) [ count ] ( SPORTS ) a thing that you use for hitting the ball in sports such as tennis
ra • dar / reidar /
a way of finding where a ship, airplane, or other vehicle is and how fast it is traveling by using radio waves
ra • di • a • tion / ,reidi' eijn /
ra • di • a • tor / ' reidi,eitsr /
a metal thing with hot water inside that makes a room warm
a part of a car that has water in it to keep the engine cold
rad • i•cal aw / ' rredikl / В
(used about changes) very great; complete
ra .di .0 © / ' reidiou /
[ count ] a piece of equipment that brings voices or music from far away so that you can hear them
[ noncount ] ( PHYSICS ) sending or receiving sounds that travel a long way through the air by special waves
ra • di • o • ac • tive / ,reidiou ' ®ktiv /
rad • ish / ' rredij /
a small, red vegetable that is white inside and has a strong taste. You eat radishes in salads.
Look at the picture at vegetable .
ra • di • um / ' reidiam /
( CHEMISTRY ) a chemical substance that is used in the treatment of some serious diseases
ra • di • us / ' reidias /
(
( MATH ) the length of a straight line from the center of a circle to the outside
Look at the picture at circle . raf • fle / ' rrefl/ noun [ count ]
a way of making money for a charity by selling tickets with numbers on them. Later some numbers are chosen and the tickets with these numbers on them win prizes.
raft / rreft /
rag / rreg /
[ count ] a small piece of old cloth that you use for cleaning
rags [ plural ] clothes that are very old and torn
rage / reid3 /
very strong anger
raid / reid /
a sudden attack on a place
► raid
rail / reil /
[ count ] ( also rail • ing / ' reilig / ) a long piece of wood or metal that is fastened to the wall or to something else
rails [ plural ] the long pieces of metal that trains go on
[ noncount ] trains as a way of traveling
rail • road / ' reilroud /
the system of trains, metal lines that they go on, and companies that own them
rain lC1/ rein/
the water that falls from the sky
rain 2 Ф / rein/
rain • bow / ' reinbou /
a half circle of colors in the sky when rain and sun come together
rain • coat / ' reinkout /
a light coat that you wear when it rains
rain • drop / ' reindrap /
one drop of rain
rain • fall / ' reinfol /
the total amount of rain that falls in a place
rain for • est / ' rein forest / ( also rain • for • est )
a forest in a hot part of the world where there is a lot of rain
rain • y / reini
with a lot of rain
raiS6 1 ©/ reiz /
to move something or someone up
—ANTONYM lower
to make something bigger, higher, stronger, etc.
—ANTONYM lower
to get money from other people for a particular purpose
to start to talk about something He raised an interesting question.
to take care of a child or an animal until they are an adult
raise 2 / reiz /
an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do
rai • sin / ' reizn/
a dried grape ( = a small green or purple fruit)
rake / reik /
a tool with a long handle that you use for collecting leaves or for making the soil flat ^-rake
1
1
i
ral • ly / ' rreli /
a meeting of people to show that they feel strongly about something
RAM / rrem /
( COMPUTERS ) the type of memory that allows a computer to work
ram / rrem /
a male sheep
Ram • a • dan / ' ramadan / [ count, noncount ]
( RELIGION ) a month when Muslims do not eat or drink anything from early morning until the sun goes down in the evening
ramp / rsmp /
pushed the wheelchair up the ramp.
a road that you use to join or leave a highway
ranch / rrentf /
a very large farm where cows, horses, or sheep are kept
ranch • er / ' rrent/ar /
a person who owns or manages a ranch
ran • dom aw Ц / ' rrendam /
done or chosen without any special plan or pattern
at random
without thinking or deciding before
ran • dom • ly AWL| / ' rrendamli /
range 1 AWL / reind3 /
different things of the same kind
the amount between the highest and the lowest
a line of mountains or hills
how far you can see, hear, shoot, travel, etc.
range 2 AWL / reind3 /
to be at different points between two things
rank / гжцк /
how important someone is in a group of people, for example in an army
ran • som / ' rrensam /
the money that you must pay so that a criminal will free a person that they have taken
rap / rrep /
( MUSIC ) a type of modern music, in which singers speak the words of a song
Look
rap
to speak the words of a rap song
Look
rape / reip /
to force someone to have sex when they do not want to
rape noun [ count, noncount ] He was sent to prison for rape.
happening or moving very quickly
—ANTONYM slow ► rap • id • ly / ' rrepadli /
rap • per / ' rrepar /
( MUSIC ) a person who speaks the words of a rap
rare О / rer /
If something is rare , you do not find or see it often
—ANTONYM common
Meat that is rare is not cooked for very long, so that the inside is still red.
Look
rare . ly Ф / 'rerli /
not very often
rash 1 / raij /
a lot of small red spots on your skin
rash 2 / гж/ /
If you are rash , you do things too quickly and without thinking about the possible result
rasp•ber • ry / ' r®z|beri /
a small soft red fruit that grows on bushes
Look at the picture at berry . rat / r®t / noun [ count ]
an animal like a big mouse
rate Ф / l-eit /
the speed of something or how often something happens
the amount that something costs or that someone is paid
at any rate (
rath .er Ф / г^сЪг/
more than a little but not very
—SYNONYM pretty
rather than
in the place of; instead of
would rather
rat • ing / ' reitig /
a measurement of how good, popular, difficult, etc. something is
ra • tio aw щ / ' reijion /
( MATH ) the relation between two numbers, which shows how much bigger one amount is than the other
ra • tion 1 / ' rrejn /
a small amount of something that you are allowed to have when there is not enough for everyone to have what they want
ra • tion 2 / ' rrejn /
to control the amount of something that someone is allowed to have, for example because there is not enough for everyone to have as much as they want
ra • tion • al / ' rrejbnl /
based on facts; sensible
—ANTONYM irrational
ra • tion • ale / ^ja ' nrei /
the reasons which explain a particular decision, belief, plan, etc.
rat • tle 1 / ' rretl /
to make a sound like hard things hitting each other, or to shake something so that it makes this sound
rat • tle 2 / ' rretl /
the noise of hard things hitting each other
a toy that a baby can shake to make a noise
rat .tie .snake
/ ' rretlsneik /
a poisonous snake that makes a noise like a rattle with its tail when it is angry or afraid
ra • vine / гэ 'vin /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a small, deep, narrow valley
not cooked
in its natural state; not yet made into anything
ray / rei /
ra • zor blade / ' reizar bleid /
ra • Zor / ' reizar /
Rd.
re-
( in verbs, and related nouns, adjectives, and adverbs ) again
reach 1Ф / ritf /
(reach es , reach . ing,reached )
to arrive somewhere
to put out your hand to do or get something
to be able to touch something
to be able to contact someone by telephone You can reach me on my cell phone after 5p.m.
reach 2 / ritj /
too far away to touch
near enough to touch or go to
re • act AWL| / ri ' rekt /
to say or do something because something has happened
re • ac • tion Ф AWL / ri ' rekjn /
read Ф / rid /
to look at words and understand them Have you read this book? It's really interesting.
to say words that you can see
read • er / ' ridar /
a person who reads something
a book for reading at school
read • i • ly / ' redl-i /
quickly and easily
prepared and able to do something I'll be ready to leave in five minutes. It's time to get ready for school.
finished, so that you can use it
happy to do something He's always ready to help.
—SYNONYM willing
read • y-made / | redi meid /
already prepared and ready to use
real О / ril/
existing, not just imagined
actually true, not only what people think is true The name he gave to the police wasn't his real name.
natural; not false or a copy
big or complete
real es • tate / ' ril I|steit /
( BUSINESS ) land and buildings
real es • tate a • gent / ' rii i|steit ^ant /
( also Re .al • tor™ / ' riltar / )
a person whose job is to sell buildings and land for other
people
re • al • is • tic / |ria ' listik /
sensible and accepting what is possible in a particular situation
showing things as they really are
re .al . i . ty ф / ri'aeloti /
the way that something really is, not how you would like it to be
re .al . ize Ф / 'rblaiz/
( re • al • iz • es , re • al • iz • ing , re • al ized )
to understand or know something
► re • al • i • za • tion / |riala 'zei/n /
re .al . ly О / rili/
in fact; actually
very or very much
a word that shows you are interested or surprised
Re • al • tor™ / ' riltar /
rear 1 / rir /
the back part of something
—ANTONYM front
at the back of something
rear 3 / rir /
—SYNONYM bring someone up , raise
re • ar • range / |ria ' reind3 /
(re ar • rang • es , re • ar • rang ing , re ar • ranged )
to change the position or order of things
rear • view mir • ror / |rirvyu 'mirar /
[ count ]
the mirror inside a car that the driver uses to see the vehicle or road behind
rea .son © / 'rizn/
a cause or an explanation for why you do something or why something happens
rea .son .a .ble О / 'rizn-obl /
1 fair and ready to listen to what other people say
tried to be reasonable, even though I was very angry.
fair or right in a particular situation
—ANTONYM unreasonable
rea • son • a • bly / ' rizn^bli /
to a certain degree, but not very
—SYNONYM fairly
in a reasonable way
re • as • sure / |г1э 'jur /
(re as sures,re•as • sur ing ,re•as • sured )
to say or do something to make someone feel safer or happier
[ count, noncount ]
re • bate / ' ribeit /
( BUSINESS ) money that you get back because you have paid too much or because there is a special offer
re • bel 1 / ' rebl/
a person who fights against the people in control, for example the government
re • bel 2 / ri ' bel /
to fight against the people in control, for example the government or your parents
re • bel • lion / ri 'belyan /
[ count, noncount ]
( POLITICS ) a time when some of the people in a country fight against their government
re • bel • lious / ri ' belyas /
not doing what society or people in authority want you to do
( COMPUTERS ) to switch a computer off and then on again immediately
re • call / ri ' ы /
( re - calls , re call ing , re - called )
re • ceipt / ri ' sit /
re .ceive Ф / nw verb
( re - ceives , re - ceiv ing , re - ceived )
(
When the sound is / i / (which is the vowel sound in the word "be"), there is a spelling rule: I before E, except after C , so you spell receive with EI (not IE ).
to get or accept something that someone has given or sent to you
re • ceiv • er / ri ' sivsr /
the part of a telephone that you use for listening and speaking
re .cent Ф' / l'isont/
that happened or began only a short time ago
re .cent .ly © / 'risontli/
not long ago
re • cep • tion / ri ' sepjn /
[ count ] a big, important party
[ noncount ] how good telephone, television, and radio signals are
[ noncount ] the place where you go first when you arrive at a hotel or an office building
re • cep • tion • ist / risepjn^ist /
a person in a hotel, an office, etc. whose job is to answer the telephone and to help people when they arrive
re • cess / ' rises /
the time at school when you can go out and play
re • ces • sion / ri 'sejn /
( BUSINESS ) a time when the business and industry of a
country are not successful
— Look
re • charge / ,ri ' tjard3 /
(re -charg -es,re - charg- ing ,re - charged )
rec • i • pe / ' resspi /
a piece of writing that tells you how to cook something Collocations Cooking preparing chop/slice the onions peel the potatoes/an orange grate the cheese/a carrot mix (together) all the ingredients cooking
heat the oven/the broiler/some oil in a frying pan
melt the butter/chocolate/cheese
cook food/fish/meat/rice
bake bread/a cake/cookies/muffins
boil potatoes/an egg/water
fry/stir-fry the chicken/vegetables
grill/broil/barbecue fish/meat/steak
roast chicken/turkey/potatoes
steam rice/vegetables
microwave food/popcorn/your dinner
re • cite / ri ' sait /
to say something, for example a poem or a list, from
memory because you have learned it
reck • less / ' reklss /
A person who is reckless does dangerous things without thinking about what could happen
reck • on / ' reksn /
(
to use numbers to find an answer
rec • og • ni • tion / ,reksg ' nijn /
[noncount]
1 knowing what something is or who someone is when you see it or them
said hello to her, but there was no sign of recognition on her face.
public respect for something good that someone has done
rec .og . nize Ф / 'rebgnaiz/
1 to know again someone or something that you have seen or heard before
didn't recognize you without your glasses.
to know that something is true They recognize that there is a problem.
rec .om .mend © / , reks mend /
Remember! You spell recommend with one C and MM .
to tell someone that a person or thing is good or useful
to tell someone in a helpful way what you think they should do
rec • om • men • da • tion / |rekaman' deijn /
saying that something is good or useful
re • con • sid • er / |rikan ' sidar /
to think again about something because you may want to change your mind
re . cord 1 © / rrkord /
When the word record is a noun, you say the first part of the word louder: RECord .
When the word record is a verb, you say the second part of the word louder: reCORD .
notes about things that have happened Keep a record of all the money you spend.
( SPORTS ) the best, fastest, highest, lowest, etc. that has been done in a sport
( MUSIC ) a thin, round piece of black plastic that makes music when you play it on a special machine (called a record player )
Ге . COrd 2 © / rikord /
to write notes about or make pictures of things that happen, so you can remember them later
to save music or a movie using an electronic device, so that you can listen to or watch it later
re • cord • er / ri 'kordar /
a machine for recording sound and/or pictures
( MUSIC ) a musical instrument that children often play. You blow through it and cover the holes in it with your fingers.
re • cord • ing / ri 'kordig /
music or speech that has been saved using an electronic device
rec • ord play • er / rekard |pleiar /
[count ]
( MUSIC ) a machine that you use for playing records
re • cov • er © AWL / ri 'kAvar /
to become well or happy again after you have been sick or sad
to get back something that was lost Police never recovered the stolen car.
re • cov • er • y AWL / ri 'kAvari /
[noncount]
when you feel well again after you have been sick
re • cre • ate awl / ^ы ' eit /
( re cre - ates , re - cre - at - ing , re - cre - at - ed )
to make something that existed in the past exist again
rec • re • a • tion / ты eijn /
[noncount]
relaxing and enjoying yourself, when you are not working
re • cruit 1 / ri ' krut /
to find new people to join a company or an organization
re • cruit 2 / ri ' krut /
a person who has just joined the army, the navy, or the police
rec • tan • gle / ' rektreggl /
( MATH ) a shape with two long sides, two short sides, and four angles of 90 degrees
rec • tan • gu • lar / rek'treggyalar /
re • cy • cle / ri ' saikl /
to do something to materials like paper and glass so that
they can be used again
re • cy • cled / ri ' saikld /
Something that is recycled has been used before
re • cy • cling / ri ' saiklig /
[noncount]
the process of making objects and materials able to be used again
things that can be recycled
red © / red /
having the color of blood She's wearing a bright red dress. red wine
Red hair has a color between red, orange, and brown.
red noun [ count, noncount ] Lucy was dressed in red.
re • do / |ri ' du /
re.duce © / ri dus /
to make something smaller or less
—ANTONYM increase
re • duc • tion / ri 'dAkJn /
making something smaller or less
[count]
a veiy tall tree that grows near the west
coast of the U.S. ^i®?
щ.fir
reed / rid / noun
[ count ]
a tall plant, like grass, that grows in or near water reef / rif /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a long line of rocks, plants, etc. near the surface of the ocean
reel / ril /
[ count ]
a thing with round sides that holds string for sewing or fishing, film for cameras or movies, etc.
re .fer Ф/ n'for/
( re . fers , re . fer . ring , re . ferred ) refer to someone or something
1 to talk about someone or something
wasn't referring to you.
to describe or be connected with someone or something The word "child" here refers to anyone under the age of 16.
to look in a book or ask someone for information
—SYNONYM consult
ref • e • ree / irf ' ri /
[count]
( SPORTS ) a person who controls a game of football or some other sports, and makes sure the players follow the rules
— Look
ref • er • ence / ' refrans /
[ count ] what someone says or writes about something The book is full of references to her childhood in India.
[ noncount ] looking at something for information Keep these instructions for future reference .
[ count ] If someone gives you a reference , they write or talk about you to someone who may give you a new job
ref • er • ence book / ' refrans buk /
[count]
a book where you look for information
ref • er • en • dum / |refa ' rendam /
[ count ] (
/ |refa ' renda / )
( POLITICS ) an occasion when all the people of a country or state can vote on a political question
re • fill / |ri ' fil /
re • fill / ' rifil / noun [ count ] The diner has free refills on coffee.
re • fin • er • y / ri 'fainari /
( BUSINESS ) a factory where a particular substance is treated to make it more pure
re • flect / ri ' flekt /
to show a picture of someone or something in a mirror, water, or glass
( PHYSICS ) to send back light, heat, or sound
to show something
re • flec • tion / ri ' flek/n /
[ count ] a picture that you see in a mirror or on a shiny surface
[ noncount ] ( physics ) sending back light, heat, or sound
[ count ] a thing that shows what someone or something is like
re • form 1 / ri ' form /
to change something to make it better
re • form 2 / ri form /
a change to something to make it better
re • fresh / ri ' frej /
( re fresh . es , re . fresh ing , re . freshed )
to make someone feel less tired, less hot, or full of energy again
re • freshed / ri ' frejl: /
re • fresh • ing / ri 'frejig /
making you feel less tired or less hot
new or different in a good way
re • fresh • ments / ri ' frejmants /
[ plural ]
food and drinks that are available at a theater or other public event
re • frig • er • ate / ri ' frid3sreit /
( re - frig - er ates , re - frig - er - at - ing , re frig er - at - ed )
to put food or a drink in a refrigerator in order to keep it cold and fresh
re • frig • er • a • tor / ri ' frid3sreitsr /
( also
ref • uge / refyud3 /
a place where you are safe from someone or something
ref • u • gee / ,refyu' d3i /
( POLITICS ) a person who must leave their country because of danger, for example a war
re • fund 1 / ' rifAnd /
money that is paid back to you, because you have paid too
much or because you are not happy with something you
bought
re • fund 2 / ri ' fAnd /
( re - funds , re - fund ing , re - fund ed )
to give someone their money back, because they have paid too much or because they are not happy with something they bought
re • fus • al / ri 'fyuzl /
saying "no" when someone asks you to do or have something
re .fuse 1 О / rifyuz/
(re - fus-es , re - fus ing,re fused ) Pronunciation
When refuse is a verb, you say the second part of the word louder: reFUSE . When refuse is a noun, you say the first part of the word louder: REfuse .
to say "no" when someone asks you to do or have something
ref • use 2 / ' refyus /
things that you throw away because you do not want them anymore
—SYNONYM garbage , trash
re • gard 1 / ri ' gard /
to think about someone or something in a certain way
re • gard 2 / ri gard /
[ noncount ] attention to or care for someone or something
[ noncount ] what you feel when you admire or respect someone or something
3 regards [ plural ] a word you use to send good wishes to someone at the end of a letter or an e-mail, or when you ask someone to give your good wishes to another person who is not there
in regard to someone or something ; with
regard to someone or something
about someone or something
re • gard • ing / ri ' gardig /
about someone or something
re • gard • less / ri ' gardlss /
not paying attention or being affected by someone or something
reg • gae / ' regei /
( MUSIC ) a type of Caribbean popular music re • gime AWL / rei ' 3im /
reg • i • ment / ' red3smsnt /
a group of soldiers in an army
re .gion О / ridpn/
( GEOGRAPHY ) a part of a country or of the world
re • gion • al aw / ' rid3snl / •
( GEOGRAPHY ) belonging to a certain part of a country or of the world
reg • is • ter 1 AWL / ' red3sstsr /
to put a name on an official list
to show a number or amount The thermometer registered go°F.
reg • is • ter 2 AWL / ' red3sstsr /
an official list of names
= cash register
reg • is • trar / ' red3s,strar /
a person whose job is to keep information about students at a college or university
reg • is • tra • tion AWL / ,red3s 'streijn /
[ noncount ] putting a name on an official list Registration for the fall semester will begin in August.
[ count ] an official piece of paper with information about a vehicle and the name of its owner
re • gret 1 / ri ' gret /
re • gret 2 / ri ' gret /
a sad feeling about something that you did or did not do
reg .u .lar © / ' regyalar /
happening again and again with the same amount of space or time in between
—ANTONYM irregular
going somewhere or doing something often
usual
standard, average, or normal Would you like regular coffee or decaf? He's just a regular guy.
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) A word that is regular has
the usual verb forms or plural
reg . U . lar . ly © / 'regysbrli/
If something happens regularly , it happens again and again with the same amount of time in between
reg • u • la • tion aw / |regya ' leijn /
[count ]
an official rule that controls what people do
re • hears • al / ri 'harsl /
a time when you practice something, such as a play or a piece of music, before you do it in front of other people
re • hearse / ri ' hars /
( re • hears • es , re • hears • ing , re • hearsed )
to practice something, such as a play or a piece of music, before you do it in front of other people
reign 1 / rein /
( POLITICS ) a time when a king or queen rules a country
reign 2 / rein /
rein • deer / ' reindir /
a big animal that lives in very cold countries. Reindeer are brown and have long horns on their heads.
re • in • force aw / |riin' fors /
(re • in • forc es,re • in • forc ing ,re • in forced )
to make something stronger
reins / reinz /
long, thin pieces of leather that a horse wears on its head so that the person riding it can control it
re • ject AWL / ri 'd3ekt /
to say that you do not want someone or something
—ANTONYM accept
re • jec • tion AWLl / ri ' d3ek/n /
[ count, noncount ]
re • late / ri ' leit /
to show or to make a connection between two or more things
relate to someone or something to be connected to someone or something
re • lat • ed / ri ' leitad /
in the same family; connected
re .la .tion © /n'leijh/noun
relations [ plural ] the way that people, groups, or countries behave with each other or how they feel about each other
[ noncount ] a connection between two things The movie has no relation to the book.
[ count ] a person in your family —SYNONYM relative
re .la .tion .ship © /п'ькгф/ noun
[ count ]
1 the way people or groups behave with each other or how they feel about each other
have a good relationship with my parents.
a romantic connection between two people
the way that two or more things are connected
rel • a • tive 1 / ' rebtiv /
a person in your family —SYNONYM relation
rel • a • tive 2 / ' rebtiv /
when compared with someone or something else
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) referring to an earlier noun, sentence, or part of a sentence
rel • a • tive • ly / ' rebtivli /
to a certain degree, especially when compared with others
re • lax © AWL / ri 'lreks /
to rest and be calm; to become less worried or angry After a hard day at work, I just wanted to relax in front of the TV.
to become less tight or to make something become less tight
re • lax • ing AWL / ri ' lreksig /
re • lax • a • tion AWL / ^^ seijn /
[noncount]
re . laxed О E / ri ' lrekst /
calm and not worried
re • lay / ' rilei / ( also re - lay race / ' rilei reis / )
( SPORTS ) a race in which each member of the team runs, swims, etc. one part of the race
re .lease i©E / ri ' lis /
( re - leas - es , re - leas - ing , re - leased )
to let a person or an animal go free He was released from prison last month.
to allow something to be known by the public
to make a movie, a song, a book, etc. available so people can see, hear, or buy it
re • lease 2 aw / ri ' lis /
[ count, noncount ]
when a person or an animal is allowed to go free
a new movie, song, book, etc. that is available for people to see, hear, or buy
rel .e vant © E / ' relavant /
connected with what you are talking or writing about; important
—ANTONYM irrelevant
rel • e • vance AWL / ' relavans /
re • li • a • ble aw / ri ' laiabl /
—ANTONYM unreliable
The verb is rely .
re • li • ant aw я / ri ' laiant /
not being able to live or work without someone or something
re • lied awl
re .lief © /n'lif/ noun
[ noncount ]
the good feeling you have when you are no longer worried or in pain
( POLITICS ) food or money that is given to people who need it
re • lies awl|
re • lieve / ri liv /
to make a bad feeling or a pain stop or get better
re • lieved / ri livd /
re .lig .ion © /п'Ызэп/noun
( RELIGION )
[ noncount ] believing in a god or gods and the activities connected with this
[ count ] one of the ways of believing in a god or gods
re . lig . ious © / n'hdps /
( RELIGION )
connected with religion
having a strong belief in a religion
re • luc • tance aw / ri ' lAktans / [noncount]
re • luc • tant aw / ri ' lAktant /
If you are reluctant to do something, you do not want to do it
( re lies , re - ly ing , re - lied , has re - lied ) rely on someone or something
1 to need someone or something
rely on my parents for money. —SYNONYM depend on The adjective is reliant .
to feel sure that someone or something will do what they say they will do
re .main © /n'mein/
( re mains , re main - ing , re - mained ) (
1 to stay in the same way; to not change
asked her a question, but she remained silent.
to stay after other people or things have gone After the fire, very little remained of the house.
re • main • der / ri 'meindar /
the people, things, etc. that are left after the others have gone or been used
re • main • ing / ri ' meinig /
continuing to exist or stay after other people or things have gone or been used
re • mains / ri 'meinz /
what is left when most of something has gone
re • mark Ф / rimark /
something that you say
—SYNONYM comment
re • mark 2 / ri mark /
to say something
—SYNONYM comment
re • mark • a • ble / ri ' markabl /
re • mar • ry / ri ' mreri /
to marry again
re • me • di • al / ri ' midial /
for people who need extra help to learn something
rem • e • dy / ' remadi /
( HEALTH ) something that makes you better when you are sick or in pain
a way of solving a problem
re .mem .ber Ф / ri ' membar /
(re . mem . bers, re mem . ber . ing, re . mem . bered)
to keep something in your mind or bring something back into your mind
—ANTONYM forget
re .mind Ф / ri maind /
to help someone remember something that they must do
to make someone remember someone or something
re • mind • er / ri ' maindar /
re • morse / п ' mors /
[noncount]
the feeling you have when you are sorry for doing something wrong
re • mote / ri ' mout /
far away from where other people live
far away in time
re • mote con • trol / ri|mout kan' troul /
( also
a piece of equipment that you use for controlling a television, a toy, or other machine from a distance
re • mote • ly / ri ' moutli /
re • mov • al awl| / ri 'muvi /
when you take something off or away
re . move Ф / l-imuv/
( re moves , re mov . ing , re . moved )
to take someone or something off or away from someone or something
—SYNONYM take away , take off
re • new / ri ' nu /
to start something again
to make something acceptable or able to be used for a further period of time
re • new • a • ble / ri ' nuabl /
(used about sources of energy) that will always exist
that can be continued or replaced with a new one for another period of time
ren • o • vate / ' renaveit /
to repair an old building so that it is in good condition again ► ren • o • va • tion / ^ena ' vei/n /
[ count, noncount ]
rent 1 Ф / rent /
the money that you pay to live in a place or to use
something that belongs to another person
available to rent
rent 2 Ф / rent /
to pay to live in a place, or to use something for a short time
( also rent something out ) to let someone live in a place or use something for a short time in return for money
rent • al / rentl /
1 [ noncount ] the act of renting something or an
arrangement to rent something
[ count, noncount ] the amount of money that you pay when you rent something
[ count ] a house, car, or piece of equipment that you can rent
Rep.
re • paid
re . pa i r 1© / riper /
to make something that is broken or damaged good again
—SYNONYM fix
re • pair 2 / ri 'per /
something you do to fix something that is broken or damaged
re • pay / ri ' pei /
to pay back money to someone
to do something for someone to show your thanks
re • pay • ment / ri ' peimsnt /
paying someone back, or the money that you pay them
re . peat О / n'pit / verb
(re - peats,re peat - ing ,re peat -ed )
to say or do something again
to say what another person has said
re • peat
re • peat • ed / ri ' pitsd /
happening or done many times
re • peat • ed • ly / ri ' pitsdli /
rep • e • ti • tion / ,reps 'tijn /
[ count, noncount ]
saying or doing something again
re • pet • i • tive / ri ' petstiv /
not interesting because the same thing is repeated many times
re .place © /ripleis/
( re - plac - es , re - plac - ing , re - placed )
to take the place of someone or something
to put a new or different person or thing in the place of another
to put something back in the place where it was before Please replace the books on the shelf when you are finished with them.
re • place • ment / ri ' pieismsnt /
[count]
a new or different person or thing that takes the place of another
re • play / ' riplei /
rep • li • ca / ' repliks /
Ге . ply 1 ©/ riplai /
to say or write something as an answer to someone or something
re .ply 2Ф
an answer
Ге . port 1 © / riport /
to give people information about something that has happened
Ге . port 2© / riport /
re • port card / ri 'port kard /
a written statement about a student's work with a grade for each subject
re • port • ed speech / ri,portid ' spit/ / [noncount]
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) saying what someone has said, rather than repeating their exact words. In reported speech , "I'll come later" becomes "He said he'd (= he would ) come later."
re . port .er © / riportor /
a person who writes for a newspaper or speaks on the radio or television about things that have happened
— Look
rep .re .sent © / ^eprizent/
(rep - re sents, rep - re - sent - ing, rep - re sent - ed )
to speak or do something in place of another person or other people
to be an example or a sign of something The yellow lines on the map represent roads.
rep • re • sen • ta • tion / ,reprizen'teijn /
1 [noncount] (
having someone act or speak for you
2 [ count, noncount ] the way that someone or something is shown or described
rep • re • sen • ta • tive / |iepn'zentativ /
a person who speaks or does something for a group of people
Representative (
The U.S. Government The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
rep • ri • mand / ' repramrend /
(rep- ri mands, rep- ri • mand • ing, rep • ri mand • ed )
to tell someone officially that they have done something wrong
rep • ri • mand
re•pro•duce / |ripra ' dus /
(re•pro•duc • es , re • pro • duc • ing , re pro•duced )
to make a copy of something
( BIOLOGY ) When people, animals, or plants reproduce , they have young ones.
re • pro • duc • tion / ^pra' dAkjn /
[ noncount ]
( BIOLOGY ) producing babies, or young animals or plants
rep • tile / ' reptail /
any animal with cold blood that lays eggs. Snakes are reptiles .
re • pub • lic / ri 'pAblik /
( POLITICS ) a country where people choose the government
and the leader (the president )
Re • pub • li • can / ri 'pAblikan /
( POLITICS ) a person in the Republican Party in the U.S.
Re • pub • li • can
Look at Democrat .
the Re • pub • li • can Par • ty / дэ
ripAblikan |parti/
Look
re • pul • sive / ri ' pAlsiv /
disgusting or very unpleasant
rep • u • ta • tion / |repya 'teijn/
what people think or say about someone or something
re .quest iФ/newest/
asking for something in a polite or formal way
re .quest 2 Ф / rikwest/
to ask for something
re • quire Ф AWL / ri 'kwaiar /
to need something
to officially demand or order something Passengers are required by law to wear seat belts.
re • quire • ment Iaw / ri ' kwaiarmant / [count ]
something that you need or that you must do or have
re • sched • ule aw / |ri ' sked3al /
( re sched ules, re • sched • ul - ing, re • sched • uled )
res .cue 1 Ф / 'reskyu/
res • cue 2 / ' reskyu /
re .search i®E / ' risartj / [ noncount ]
studying something carefully to find out more about it
re .search 2® E / ri ' sartf /
( re search • es , re • search ing , re • searched )
to study something carefully to find out more about it
re • search • er AWL / ri ' sartjbr /
re • sem • blance / ri 'zemblans /
re • sem • ble / ri zembl /
to look like someone or something else
re • sent / ri 'zent /
to feel angry about something because you think it is not fair
re • sent • ful / ri ' zentfl /
re • sent • ment / ri ' zentmant / [ noncount , singular ]
a feeling of anger about something that you think is not fair
res .er .va .tion ® / ,rez3r'veijh/ noun
[ count ]
1 a room, seat, table, or another thing that you have asked someone to keep for you
called the restaurant and made a reservation for a table for two.
a feeling of doubt about something
an area of land in the U.S. that is kept separate for Native Americans to live in
re • serve 1 / ri ' zarv /
(re . serves,re . serv. ing ,re . served )
to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be kept for you at a future time
to keep something for a special reason or to use later
re • serve 2 / ri ' zarv /
[count]
something that you keep to use later
an area of land where the animals and plants are protected by law
in reserve
re • served / ri ' zarvd /
If you are reserved , you keep your feelings hidden from other people.
res • er • voir / ' rezarvwar /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a big lake where a city or town keeps water to use later
res • i • dence aw / ' rezadans /
[count] (
a large house, usually where an important or famous person lives
[ noncount ] having your home in a particular place The family applied for permanent residence in the United States.
res • i • dent aw / ' rezadant /
[count]
a person who lives in a place
res • i • den • tial aw / |reza 'denjl /
A residential area is one where there are houses rather than offices or factories.
re • sign / ri ' zain /
to leave your job
resign yourself to something
to accept something that you do not like but that you cannot change
res • ig • na • tion / |rezig' neifn /
[ count, noncount ]
saying that you want to leave your job
re • signed / ri ' zaind /
re • sist / ri ' zist /
to try to stop something from happening or to fight against someone or something
to stop yourself from doing or having something that you want to do or have
re • sis • tance / ri ' zistans /
when people try to stop something from happening;
fighting against someone or something
res • o • lu • tion AWL / ireza ' lujn /
[ count ] something that you decide to do or not to do
[ count ] ( POLITICS ) a formal decision that is made after a vote by a group of people
[ noncount ] a solution to a problem or an argument
re • solve aw / ri ' zalv /
( re solves , re . solv . ing , re solved )
to find a solution to a problem
to decide to do or not do something
re • sort / ri 'zort /
re • source AWL / ' risors /
re . spect 1Ф / n'spekt /
have a lot of respect for your father.
being polite to someone or something
re .spect 2® / n'spekt/
1 to have a good opinion of someone or something
respect him for his honesty.
—SYNONYM admire
to pay attention to or be careful about something We should respect other people's cultures and values.
re • spect • a • ble / ri ' spektabl /
If a person or thing is respectable , people think they are good or correct
re • spect • ful / ri ' spektfl /
If you are respectful , you are polite to other people and in different situations
res • pi • ra • to • ry / ' respra|tori /
( BIOLOGY , HEALTH ) connected with breathing
► res • pi • ra • tion / |respa'reijn /
breathing
re • spond aw / ri ' spand /
(re -sponds , re - spond - ing,re -spond - ed )
to do or say something to answer someone or something
—SYNONYM reply
re • sponse AWL / ri 'spans /
—SYNONYM reply
re .spon .si .bil .i .ty ©/n^panss'bibti /
a duty to deal with or take care of someone or something
re .spon .si .ble © / ri spansabl /
having the duty to take care of someone or something The driver is responsible for the lives of the people on the bus.
being the person who made something bad happen
A responsible person is someone that you can trust We need a responsible person to take care of our son.
—ANTONYM irresponsible
rest 1 © / rest /
1 the rest [ singular ] the part that is left or the ones that are left
liked the beginning, but the rest of the movie wasn't very good.
[ count, noncount ] a time when you relax, sleep, or do nothing
rest 2 Ф/ rest /
to relax, sleep, or do nothing after an activity or an illness We worked all morning and then rested for an hour before starting work again.
to be on something; to put something on or against another thing
res .tau .rant © / 'restsrant/
a place where you buy a meal and eat it rest • ful / ' restfl /
making you feel relaxed and calm
rest • less / ' restlas /
not able to stay still or relax because you are bored or nervous
re • store AWL / ri 'stor /
to make something as good as it was before
[ count, noncount ]
re • strain AWL / ri 'strein /
to stop someone or something from doing something; to control someone or something
re • strict AWL / ri 'strikt /
to allow only a certain amount, size, sort, etc.
—SYNONYM limit
re • stric • tion awl| / ri ' strikjn /
[count]
a rule to control someone or something
rest • room / ' restrum /
a room with a toilet in a public place, for example a restaurant or theater
re .suit l© / rizAlt/
1 something that happens because of something else
woke up late and was late for school as a result.
the score at the end of a game, competition, or exam
to make something happen
re • sume / ri ' zum /
to start something again after stopping for a period of time
re • su • me ( also re . su . me ) / ' rezamei /
[count ]
a written list of your education and work experience that you send when you are trying to get a new job
re • tail 1 / ' riteil/
( BUSINESS ) the business of selling goods to people in stores, etc.
re • tail 2 / ' riteil /
( BUSINESS ) to be sold at a particular price
re • tail • er / ' riteilsr /
( BUSINESS ) a person or company that sells things to people
re • tain / ri ' tein /
to keep or continue to have something
re • tal • i • ate / ri ' t^iieit /
(re - tal i ates, re - tal - i - at - ing , re - tal - i - at - ed )
to do something bad to someone because they did something bad done to you
ret • i • na / ' retn^s /
( BIOLOGY ) the part of your eye that sends an image of what you see to your brain
re • tire / ri ' taisr /
to stop working because you are a certain age
re • tire • ment / ri 'taisrmsnt /
the time in a person's life after they have reached a certain
age and have stopped working
re • treat / ri ' trit /
( re - treats , re - treat - ing , re - treat - ed )
to move back or away from someone or something, for
example because you have lost a fight
►re • treat
re .turn 1 О / n'torn /
to come or go back to a place
to give, put, send, or take something back
re .turn 2Ф/ ri tsrn /
[ singular ] coming or going back to a place the talk show host's return to daytime TV
[ noncount ] giving, putting, sending, or taking something back
in return
as a way of thanking someone for something they have done for you or paying them for something they have given you
re • un • ion / ri'yunysn /
a meeting of people who have not seen each other for a long time
re • u • nite / ,riyu ' nait /
to come together or to bring people together again
Rev.
re • veal awl / n 'vi/
( re veals , re - veal - ing , re vealed )
to tell something that was a secret or show something that was hidden
re • venge / ri ' vend3 /
[noncount]
something bad that you do to someone who has done something bad to you
rev • e • nue AWL / ' revsnu /
( BUSINESS ) money that a government receives from taxes, or a company receives from its business
Rev • er • end / ' revsrsnd /
re • ver • sal aw / ri ' vsrsl /
[ count, noncount ]
the action of changing something to the opposite of what it was before
re • verse 1 awl / ri ' vsrs /
( re vers - es , re - vers ing , re - versed )
to change a decision or process to the opposite
re • verse 2 awl / ri ' vsrs /
the complete opposite of what someone just said, or of what you expect
the control in a car or other vehicle that allows it to move backward
re • view 1 / ri ' vyu /
[ count, noncount ] looking at something or thinking about something again to see if it needs changing
[ count ] a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine that says what someone thinks about a book, movie, play, etc.
re • view 2 / ri ' vyu /
to look at something or think about something again to see if it needs changing
to study something to make sure you remember it or understand it
to write about a new book, movie, etc., giving your opinion of it
re • view • er / ri ' vyuar /
[ count ]
a person who writes about new books, movies, games, etc.
re • vise AWL / ri 'vaiz /
to change something to make it better or more correct
re • vi • sion AWLl / ri ' vi3n /
[ count, noncount ]
re • vive / ri ' vaiv /
to become or make someone or something well or strong again
to fight against the people in control
re • volt noun [ count, noncount ] The army quickly stopped the revolt.
rev • o • lu • tion АИД / |reva ' lu/n /
( POLITICS ) a fight by people against their government in order to put a new government in its place
a big change in the way of doing things
rev • o • lu • tion • ar • y awl
/ |Teva ' lu/n^eri /
( POLITICS ) connected with a political revolution ( 1 )
producing great changes; very new and different
rev • o • lu • tion • ize |awl / ^ 'lujn-aiz /
re • volve / ri valv /
to move around in a circle
re • volv • er / ri 'valvar /
a type of small gun
re • ward 1 / ri ' word /
[ count, noncount ] something that someone gives you because you have done something good or worked hard
[ count ] money that someone gives you for helping the police, finding something that was lost, etc.
re • ward 2 / ri word /
to give something to someone because they have done something well or worked hard
re • ward • ing / ri ' wordig /
making you feel satisfied or happy because you think it is important or useful
re • wind / Ti 'waind /
re • wind • ing, re- wound / |ri' waund / has re • wound )
to make a video or music tape go backward
re • write / |ri ' rait /
re - writ ing , re - wrote / |ri' rout / has re - writ - ten
/ | ri ritn / )
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) to write something again in a different or better way
rhe • tor • i • cal ques • tion / ritoriki
' kwestfan /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a question that does not expect an answer
rhi • no / ' rainou /
rhi .noc .er .os rhinoceros
/ rai ' nasaras /
(
rhom • bus
/ ' rambas /
a big, wild animal from Africa or Asia, with thick skin and a horn on its nose
rhyme 1 / raim /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS )
a word that has the same sound as another word, for example "bell" and "well"
a short piece of writing where the lines end with the same sounds
rhyme 2 / raim /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS )
to have the same sound as another word
to have lines that end with the same sounds
rhythm / ' ridam/
( MUSIC ) a regular pattern of sounds that come again and again
rhythm and blues / ridam an ' bluz /
( MUSIC ) a type of popular music that has a strong beat. It is a mixture of two different styles of music (called blues and jazz ).
rib / rib /
one of the bones around your chest —Look
a piece of meat with one or more bones from the ribs of a cow or a pig
rib • bon / ' riban/
a long, thin piece of material for tying things or making something look pretty
a piece of ribbon that is given as a prize in a competition
rib cage / ' rib keid3 /
( BIOLOGY ) the structure of curved bones (called ribs ) around your chest
rice Ф / l-ais /
short, thin, white or brown grain from a plant that grows on
wet land in hot countries. We cook and eat rice
rich Ф / ritj /
having a lot of money
—ANTONYM poor
containing a lot of something
Food that is rich has a lot of fat or sugar in it and makes you feel full quickly
get rid of someone or something
to make yourself free of someone or something that you do not want
rid • den
rid • dle / ' ridi/
a difficult question that has a funny answer
ride w / raid /
/ roud / has rid . den / ' ridn / )
to sit on a horse or bicycle and control it as it moves
to travel in a car, bus, or train
ride 2 Ф / raid /
a trip on a horse or bicycle, or in a car, bus, or train
a large machine that people ride on for fun
rid • er / ' raidar /
a person who rides a horse or bicycle
ridge / nd3 /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a long, thin part of something that is higher than the rest, for example along the top of hills or mountains
ri • dic • u • lous / ri ' dikyalas /
rid • ing / ' raidig /
ri • fle / ' raifl/
a long gun that you hold against your shoulder to shoot with
right 1 Ф / rait /
correct or true
—ANTONYM wrong
best
good; fair or what the law allows
on or of the side of the body that faces east when a person faces north
right 2 Ф / rait /
exactly
correctly
all the way; completely
to the right side
—ANTONYM left
immediately
right now
at this moment; exactly now We can't discuss this right now.
around the present time
right 3 Ф / rait /
[ singular ] the right side or direction We live in the first house on the right .
—ANTONYM left
[ count ] what you are allowed to do, especially by law In the U.S., everyone has the right to a fair trial.
[ noncount ] what is good or fair
—ANTONYM wrong
the right [ singular ] ( politics ) political groups who do not support many or sudden changes in society
—ANTONYM the left
right an • gle / ' rait ®ggi /
( MATH ) an angle of 90 degrees. A square has four right angles .
of or on the right
right-hand • ed / ,rait ' handsd /
If you are right-handed , you use your right hand more easily than your left hand, for example for writing.
right • ly / ' raitli /
correctly
right -wing / ,rait ' wig /
—ANTONYM left-wing
not able or not wanting to be changed
hard and not easy to bend or move
rig • or • ous / ' rigsrss /
careful, with a lot of attention to detail
rim / nm/
the edge of something round
I rim
U
rind
/ raind /
ring 1 Ф / rig /
a circle
a space with seats around it, used for a competition or a performance
the sound that a bell makes There was a ring at the door.
ring 2 Ф / ng /
( rings , ring - ing , rang / гжд / has rung / rAg / )
to make a sound like a bell
to press or move a bell so that it makes a sound
(
ring • tone / ' rigtoun /
the sound a cell phone makes when someone is calling you
rink / rigk/
rinse / rins /
to wash something with water to take away dirt or soap
ri • ot / ' raist /
when a group of people fight and make a lot of noise and trouble
ri • ot
rip / rip /
to cheat someone by making them pay too much for something
rip something up to tear something into small pieces
ripe / raip /
Fruit that is ripe is ready to eat
rip-off / ' rip of /
something that costs a lot more than it should
rip • ple / ' ripl /
rip • ple
to move in small waves
rise 1 Ф / raiz /
—SYNONYM increase —ANTONYM fall
rise 2 © / raiz /
( ris es , ris - ing , rose / rouz / has ris - en / ' rizn / )
to go up; to become higher or more Smoke was rising from the chimney. Prices have risen by 20%.
to get up from a sitting or lying position
If the sun or moon rises, it moves up in the sky
risk 1 © / risk /
the possibility that something bad may happen; a dangerous situation
to do something when you know that something bad may
happen because of it
risk 2 © / risk /
to put something or yourself in danger
to do something when you know that something bad may happen because of it
risk • y / ' riski /
dangerous
rit • u • al / ' ritjual /
( RELIGION ) an action, a ceremony, or a process which is usually done the same way
ri • val / raivl /
a person who wants to do better than you, or who is trying to take what you want
ri • val • ry / ' raivbri/
a situation in which people are trying to do better than each other, or trying to be the first to do or get something
riV .er © / 'nvsr/
( GEOGRAPHY ) a long, wide line of water that flows into the
ocean or a lake
roach / routf /
road © / roud /
lane one part of a larger road, marked with painted lines to keep lines of traffic separate:
road trip / ' roud trip /
roam / roum /
to walk or travel with no special plan
roar 1 / ror /
to make a loud, deep sound
roar 2 / ror /
a loud, deep sound
roast / rou st /
to cook or be cooked in an oven or over a fire
rob © / rab /
to take something that is not yours from a person or place
Which word?
A person who steals is called a thief . A thief steals things:
rob • ber / ' rabar/ [count]
a person who steals things from a person or a place
A thief is a general word for a person who steals things, usually secretly and without violence. The name of the crime is theft .
A robber steals from a bank, store, etc. and often uses violence or threats. A burglar takes things from your house when you are out or asleep:
rob • ber • y / ' rabari /
taking something that is not yours from a person or a place
robe / roub /
a long, loose thing that you wear on your body, for example at a special ceremony
a piece of clothing like a loose coat with a belt, which you wear before or after a bath, before you get dressed in the morning, etc.
rob • in / ' raban /
ro • bot / ' roubat /
rock 1© /гак/
[ noncount ] the very hard material that is in the ground and in mountains
[ count ] a big piece of rock
( also rock mu sic ) [ noncount ] ( music ) a type of popular music with a strong beat
rock 2 / rak /
to move slowly backward and forward or from side to side; to make someone or something do this
rock and roll / irak and ' roul /
( also rock 'n' roll / |rakn' roul / )
a vehicle that is used for traveling into space
a weapon that travels through the air and carries a bomb —SYNONYM missile
an object that shoots high into the air and then explodes with bright lights in different colors (a type of firework )
rock mu • sic / ' rak myuzik /
= rock 1 ( 3 )
rock • y / raki /
with a lot of rocks
rod / rad /
rode
ro • dent / roudnt /
a type of small animal that has strong, sharp front teeth, for example a mouse or a rat
ro • de • o / ' roudiou ; rou 'deiou /
a competition in which people ride wild horses, catch cows with a rope, etc.
J / roul /
what a person does, for example in an organization or a relationship
a person's part in a play or movie
role mod • el / 'roui madi /
a person that you admire and try to copy
rol I 1 © / roul /
[count]
something made into a long, round shape by turning it around itself many times
a small, round piece of bread made for one person
roll 2 ЧК / roul /
to move along by turning over and over; to make something move in this way
to turn your body over when you are lying down
to move on wheels
to make something into a long, round shape or the shape of a ball
to make something flat by moving something heavy on top of it
Roll • er • blade™ / ' roularbleid / [count]
a boot with a line of small wheels on the bottom —SYNONYM in-line skate ,
Look
Roll • er • blad • ing / ' roularbleidig /
roll • er coast • er / ' roular koustar /
[ count ]
a small train on a metal track that goes up and down and around bends, which people ride on for fun
roll • er skate / ' roular skeit / ( also skate )
a boot with small wheels on the bottom
Look at the picture at skate .
roll • er-skat • ing / ' roular |skeitig / ( also skat - ing )
Ro • man / ' rouman /
Ro • man
Ro • man Cath • o • lic / ^man ' kreeiik /
ro • mance / rou ' mrens ; ' roumrens /
[ noncount ] a time when two people are in love
[ count ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a story about love
Ro • man nu • mer • al / |rouman ' numaral /
one of the letters that were used in Roman times as numbers
ro .man .tic Ф / rou mrentik /
about love; full of feelings of love
roof Ф / ruf /
the top of a building or car, which covers it
rook • ie / ruki /
a person who has just started doing a job or playing a professional sport
ГООт Ф / rum /
[ count ] one of the spaces in a building that has walls around it
[ noncount ] space; enough space There's no room for you in the car.
room • mate / ' rummer /
[count]
a person that you share a room, an apartment, or a house with
roost • er / ' rustar /
an adult male chicken Word building A female chicken is called a hen , and a male chicken is called a rooster . A young chicken is a chick .
rOOt Ф / rut /
root beer / ' rut bir /
a type of sweet, brown drink that has bubbles in it, but no alcohol
ГОре Ф / roup /
[count]
very thick, strong string
rose 1
rose 2 / rouz /
a flower with a sweet smell. It grows on a bush that has sharp points (called thorns ) on it.
ros • y / ' rouzi /
pink and looking healthy
rot / rat /
to become bad and soft, as things do when they die
—SYNONYM decay
ro • tate / ' routeit /
to move in circles
► ro • ta • tion / rou 'teifn/
rot • ten / ' ratn /
old and not fresh; bad
( informal ) very bad; not nice That was a rotten thing to say!
rough О / rAf /
PRONUNCIATION
The word rough sounds like stuff , because sometimes the letters -gh sound like f , in words like enough and tough .
not smooth or flat
not gentle or calm
not exactly correct; made or done quickly
rough • ly / ' rAfli /
about; not exactly
not gently
having the shape of a circle or a ball
round 2 / raund /
a number or set of events another round of peace talks
a lot of visits, one after another, for example as part of yourjob
one part of a game or competition the third round of the boxing match
round-trip / ' raund trip /
for a trip to a place and back again
route © ДуП / rut; raut /
a way from one place to another
your usual way of doing things
rou • tine 2 / ru ' tin /
row l Ф / rou /
PRONUNCIATION
The word row sounds like no .
a line of people or things
in a row
one after another
row 2 / rou /
to move a boat through water using long pieces of wood with flat ends (called oars )
row • boat / roubout /
[count ]
a small boat that you move through water using long, thin pieces of wood with flat ends (called oars )
row • dy / ' raudi /
(used about people) noisy and likely to cause trouble
ГОУ .al О / го1э1/
roy • al • ty / ' roislti /
kings, queens, and their families
You write RSVP on an invitation to mean "please reply."
rub О / гаЬ /
rub.ber © / ' rAbsr /
a strong material that we use to make things like car tires
rub•ber band / ,rAbsr ' band /
a thin circle of rubber that you use for holding things together
ru • by / ' rubi /
a dark red stone that is used in jewelry
rud • der / ' rAdsr /
rude О / rud /
not polite
rude • ly / ' rudli / adverb "Shut up!" she said rudely.
rude • ness / ' rudnss / noun [ noncount ] I would like to apologize for my rudeness.
rug
rug / rAg /
a piece of thick material that you put on the floor
rowboat
rug • by / ' rAgbi/
( SPORTS ) a game like football for two teams of 13 or 15 players. In rugby , you can kick and carry the ball.
rug • ged / ' rAgad /
Rugged land is not smooth, and has a lot of rocks and not many plants on it.
TU .ill 1®/ 'rum /
to damage something badly so that it is no longer good; to destroy something completely
ru • in 2 / ' ruin /
in ruins
rule 1 © / rul /
[ count ] something that tells you what you must or must not do
[ noncount ] government
rule 2 © / rul /
rul • er / ' rular /
a long piece of plastic, metal, or wood that you use for drawing straight lines or for measuring things
( POLITICS ) a person who rules a country
rum / rAm/
a strong alcoholic drink that is made from the sugar plant
rum • ble / ' rAmbl /
to make a long, deep sound
► rum • ble
ru • mor / ' rumar /
something that a lot of people are talking about that is perhaps not true
ГиП 1 © / глп /
1 to move very quickly on your legs
was late, so I ran to the bus stop.
to control something and make it work
to work or make something work
to go; to make a trip
to move something somewhere He ran his fingers through his hair.
to pass or go somewhere The road runs across the fields.
to flow
8 to be one of the people who is trying to win an election
run after someone or something to try to catch a
person or an animal
—SYNONYM chase
—SYNONYM escape
run into someone or something to crash into someone or something
run 2© / глп/
go for a run every morning.
( SPORTS ) a point in the game of baseball
run-down / | rAn daun /
(used about a building or place) in bad condition
( HEALTH ) (used about a person) very tired and not healthy, especially because you have been working too hard
rung 2 / rAg /
one of the steps of a ladder (= a piece of equipment that is used for climbing up something )
( SPORTS ) a person who runs
run • ner-up / |rAnar 4p /
( SPORTS ) a person or team that comes second in a race or competition
run • ning / ' rAnig /
run • ny / ' rAni /
If you have a runny nose, a lot of liquid comes out of it, for example because you have a cold.
If a substance is runny , it has more liquid than is usual
run • Way / ' rAnwei /
a long piece of ground where airplanes take off and land
connected with the country, not the city
rUSh 1©/глГ/
2 to take someone or something quickly to a place
rush into something to do something without
thinking about it enough first
rush 2 / га/ /
a sudden quick movement
a situation when you need to move or do something very quickly
—SYNONYM hurry
rush hour / ' га/ |auar /
[count]
the time when the roads are busy because a lot of people are going to or coming from work
rust / rAst /
( CHEMISTRY ) a red-brown substance that you sometimes see on metal that has been wet
rust
rus • tle / ' rAsl /
( rus - tles , rus - tling , rus - tled )
to make a sound like dry leaves moving together; to make something make this sound
rus • tle
rust • y / ' rAsti /
(used about things made of metal) covered with a red- brown substance (called rust ) because it got wet
rut / rAt /
[count]
a deep track that a wheel makes in the ground
be in a rut
ruth • less / ' rueias /
hard and cruel; determined to get what you want without caring for others
ruth • less • ly / ' rueiasli /
rye / rai /
[noncount]
a plant that is grown for its grain, which is used to make flour and a type of alcoholic drink (called whiskey )
Ss
S, s / es /
the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet
the Sab • bath / дэ ' srebae /
( RELIGION ) the day of the week for rest and prayer in some religions. This is usually Sunday for Christians and Saturday for Jews.
sack / srek /
[count]
a big, strong bag for carrying heavy things
( RELIGION ) with a special religious meaning
sac • ri • fice 1 / ' srekrafais /
[ count, noncount ]
when you stop doing or having something important so that you can get or do something else
( RELIGION ) an animal or other thing that is given to a god
sac • ri • fice 2 / ' srekrafais /
(sac - ri fic es, sac ri fic - ing , sac - ri - ficed )
to stop doing or having something important so that you can help someone or to get something else
( RELIGION ) to kill an animal as a gift to a god
sad Ф / sred /
sad • ness / ' srednas /
sad • dle / ' sredl /
a seat on a horse or bicycle
sad • ly / ' sredli /
in a sad way
a word you use to show that you are not happy about a situation or fact
sa • fa • ri / sa 'fari /
a trip to look at or hunt wild animals, usually in Africa
safe О / serf/
not in danger; not hurt
not dangerous
safe and sound
not hurt or broken
safe • ly / ' seifli /
safe 2 / seif /
a strong, metal box with a lock where you keep money or things like jewelry
safe .ty © / 'seifti/
being safe
safe • ty belt / ' seifti belt /
-►SYNONYM seat belt
safe •ty pin / ' seifti pin /
a pin that you use for joining pieces of cloth together. It has a cover over the point so that it is not dangerous.
sag / sreg /
to bend or hang down
said
Sail 1 ® / seil /
to travel on water
to control a boat with sails
sail 2 / seil /
a big piece of cloth on a boat, which catches the wind and moves the boat along
sail • boat / ' seilbout /
a boat that uses one or more sails to catch the wind
sail • or / ' seilar /
a person who sails ships or boats as their job or as a sport
saint / seint /
( RELIGION ) (in the Christian religion) a dead person who lived their life in a very good way
sake / seik /
for goodness' sake ; for Heaven's sake
something that you say to show you are angry or surprised for the sake of someone or something ; for someone's or something's sake
to help someone or something; because of someone or something
sal .ad О / 'ssebd/ noun
[ count, noncount ]
a dish of cold vegetables that have not been cooked
sal • ad dress • ing / ' srelad |dresig /
( also dress . ing )
[ count, noncount ]
a sauce used to add flavor to salads
sa • la • mi / sa 'lami /
a type of large sausage (= a mixture of meat and spices in a long shape ) with a strong flavor, usually eaten in thin slices
sal • a • ry / ' srelari /
money that you receive regularly for the work that you do
sale Ф / seil /
[ count, noncount ] selling something The sale of alcohol to children is illegal.
sales [ plural ] the number of items sold The company reported excellent sales figures .
[ count ] a time when a store sells things for less money than usual
for sale
If something is for sale , its owner wants to sell it
on sale
1 offered at a lower price than usual
bought these shoes on sale for $75.
available for someone to buy in stores
sales • clerk / ' seilzklark / ( also sales clerk )
a person whose job is to sell things to people in a store
sales • man / ' seilzman /
sales • per • son / ' seilzparsn/
sales rep • re • sen • ta • tive / seiiz
repri|zentativ / ( also
someone who works for a company and travels around a particular area selling the company's products
sales • wom • an / ' seilzwuman /
sa • li • va / sa ' laiva /
[ noncount ]
( BIOLOGY ) the liquid in your mouth that helps you to swallow food
salm • on / ' sreman /
a big fish with pink meat that lives in the ocean and in rivers
sa • lon / sa ' lan /
[count]
a place where you can have your hair cut or have other beauty treatments
sal • sa / solss /
[noncount]
a type of Mexican sauce made from tomatoes, onions, and other vegetables
( MUSIC ) a type of Latin American dance music with a strong beat
salt © / solt /
a white substance that comes from ocean water and from
the earth. We put it on food to give it flavor
( salt i er , salt - i - est )
tasting of salt or containing salt
sa • lute / ss ' lut /
to make the special sign that soldiers use to show respect,
by lifting their hand to their head
► sa • lute
Same 2©/ seim/
despite this
same to you
words that you use for saying to someone what they have said to you
in the same way
sam • ple / ' sampi /
[count]
a small amount of something that shows what the rest is like
sand © / sand /
[noncount]
( GEOGRAPHY ) powder made of very small pieces of rock, which you find on beaches and in deserts
san • dal / ' sandl /
a light open shoe that you wear in warm weather —Look
sand • wich
/ ' sanwitj /
(
two pieces of bread with other food between them
sand • y / ' sandi /
sane / sein /
with a normal, healthy mind; not crazy —ANTONYM insane
san • i • ty / ' sansti /
the state of having a normal, healthy mind —ANTONYM insanity
San • ta Claus / sants kloz /
an old man with a red coat and a long white beard. Children believe that he brings presents at Christmas.
sap / sap /
( BIOLOGY ) the liquid in a plant or tree
sap • phire / ' safaisr /
sar • casm / ' sarkazsm /
saying the opposite of what you mean because you want to be rude to someone or to show them you are angry ► sar • cas • tic / sar ' kastik /
sar • dine / sar ' din /
a very small ocean fish that you can eat. You often buy sardines in cans.
sa • ri / ' sari /
a long piece of material that women, especially Indian women, wear around their bodies as a dress
a test taken by high school students who want to go to college
sat • el • lite / ' satbait /
a piece of electronic equipment that people send into space. Satellites travel around the earth and send back pictures or television and radio signals
a natural object that moves around a bigger object in space
sat • el • lite dish / ' sret>ait |dij /
a piece of equipment that people put on the outside of their houses so that they can receive television signals from a satellite
sat • in / ' sretn/
very shiny smooth cloth sat • ire / ' sretaiar /
[ noncount ] using humor to attack someone or something that you think is bad or silly
[ count ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a piece of writing or a play, movie, etc. that uses satire
sat .is .fac .tion © / .satas'fekjh/
[noncount]
sat • is • fac • to • ry / ^retas ' frektari /
good enough, but not very good
—ANTONYM unsatisfactory
sat . is .fied О / 'saetosfaid /
pleased because you have had or done what you wanted
—ANTONYM dissatisfied
sat • is • fy / ' sretasfai /
to give someone what they want or need; to be good enough to make someone pleased
sat • u • rat • ed fat / |sretrareitad ' fret /
( HEALTH ) a type of fat that is found in some foods, for example meat, butter, and fried food. Eating too many saturated fats is bad for your body.
Sat . ur .day © / 'saetordei; 'saetordi /
[ count, noncount ] (
the day of the week after Friday and before Sunday
sauce © / sos/
a thick liquid that you eat on or with other food
sauce • pan / ' sospren / ( also pan )
a round metal container for cooking
sau • cer / ' sosar /
a small round plate that you put under a cup
a room that is hot and filled with steam, where people sit to relax and feel healthy
sau • sage / ' sosid3 /
a mixture of meat, spices, etc. that is pressed into a long, thin skin
wild or violent
save © / seiv /
to take someone or something away from danger
( also save up ) to keep or not spend money so that you can buy something later
to keep something to use in the future
to use less of something
( COMPUTERS ) to store information in a computer by giving it a special instruction
( SPORTS ) to stop someone from scoring a goal in sports such as hockey or soccer
sav • ings / ' seivigz /
money that you are keeping to use later
A savings account lets you keep your money in the bank to use later. You receive extra money, called interest , for keeping your money there.
saw 1
saw 2 / so /
a metal tool for cutting wood
►saw
saw • dust / ' sodAst /
powder that falls when you cut wood with a saw
sax • o • phone / ' sreksafoun / ( also
Say 1 Ф / sei /
( says / sez / say ing , said / sed / has said )
1 to make words with your mouth
Which word?
Say or tell?
We use say with the actual words that are spoken, or before that in reported speech:
Notice that you say something to someone:
that is to say what I mean is...
say 2 / sei /
to have the right to help decide something
say • ing / ' seiig /
[count]
a sentence that people often say, which gives advice about something
scab / skreb /
( HEALTH ) a hard covering that grows over your skin where it is cut or broken
scaf • fold • ing / ' skrefaldig /
[noncount]
metal bars and pieces of wood joined together, where people can stand when they are working on high parts of a building
scald / skold /
( HEALTH ) to burn someone or something with very hot liquid
scale © / skeil /
[ count ] a set of levels or numbers used for measuring something
[ count, noncount ] the size or level of something
[ count ] a machine for showing how heavy people or things are
[ count ] how distances are shown on a map This map has a scale of one inch to ten miles.
( MUSIC ) [ count ] a series of musical notes that go up or down in a fixed order
[ count ] one of the flat hard things that cover the body of animals like fish and snakes
scal • lop / ' skrelap ; ' skalap /
a small animal that lives in the ocean and that you can eat. It has two round shells that fit together.
scalp / skrelp /
the skin on the top of your head, under your hair
scan 1 / skren /
to look at or read every part of something quickly until you find what you are looking for
(used about a machine) to examine what is inside a person's body or inside an object
( COMPUTERS ) to pass light over a picture or document using an electronic machine (called a scanner ) in order to copy it and put it in the memory of a computer
scan 2 / skren /
scan • dal / ' skrendl /
[ count ] something that shocks people and makes them talk about it because they think it is bad
[ noncount ] unkind talk about someone that gives you a bad idea of them
scan • ner / ' skrenar /
( COMPUTERS ) a piece of equipment that copies words or pictures from paper into a computer
( HEALTH ) a machine that gives a picture of the inside of something. Doctors use one kind of scanner to look inside people's bodies.
scape • goat / ' skeipgout /
a person who is blamed for something bad that is usually not their fault
scar / skar /
( HEALTH ) a mark that is left on your skin by an old cut or wound
scarce / skers /
difficult to find; not enough
scarce • ly / ' skersli /
almost not; just
SCare 1 ©/ sker /
to make someone feel afraid
—SYNONYM frighten scare 2 / sker /
a feeling of being afraid
a situation where many people are afraid or worried about something
scare • crow / ' skerkrou /
a thing that looks like a person, which farmers put in their fields to frighten birds
afraid
afraid feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen. This word cannot come before a noun, so you can say "the man is afraid" but NOT "an afraid man":
scarf / skarf /
[count] (
/ skarvz / )
a piece of material that you wear around your neck to keep warm
scar • let / ' skarlat /
SCar -У© / skeri/
making you feel afraid
scat • ter / ' skretar /
to move quickly in different directions The crowd scattered when it started to rain.
to throw things so that they fall in a lot of different places
sce • nar • i • o AWL / sa 'neriou /
one way that things may happen in the future
scene / sin /
[count]
the place where something happened The police arrived at the scene of the crime.
part of a play or movie
what you see in a place
scen • er • y / ' sinari /
the things like mountains, rivers, and trees that you see around you in the country
things on the stage of a theater that make it look like a real place
having beautiful views of things such as mountains, rivers, and trees
scent / sent /
a pleasant smell
the smell that an animal leaves behind and that other animals can follow
scent • ed / ' sentad /
having a nice smell
sched .ule Ф E / ' sked3al / Q
1 a plan or list of times when things will happen or be done
have a busy schedule next week.
a list that shows when planes, buses, etc. arrive at and leave a particular place
scheme 1 aw Щ / skim /
scheme 2 aw Щ / skim /
to make secret or dishonest plans to do something
schiz • o • phre • ni • a / |skitsa' frinia /
( HEALTH ) a serious mental illness in which a person confuses the real world and the world of the imagination
schiz • o • phre • nic / iskitsa' frenik /
schol • ar / ' skalar /
a person who has learned a lot about a particular subject
a person who has been given a scholarship to help pay for their studies
schol • ar • ship / ' skabrjip /
school Ф / skul /
[ count, noncount ] a place where children go to learn
[ noncount ] being at school I hate school!
[ count ] a place where you go to learn a special thing
[ count, noncount ] a college or university, or the time that you spend there
be in (the) first/second, etc. grade study history/chemistry/German, etc. drop out of/quit school graduate (from)/finish high school
problems at school
skip class/school cheat on an exam/a test get detention (for doing something wrong) be suspended from/expelled from school
school • child / ' skultjaild /
SCi . 6ПС6 Ф / 'saisns /
sci • ence fic • tion / ,saisns ' fkjn /
( also
sci • en • tif • iC © / ^saion'tifik /
sci .en .tist © / 'saiontist/
( GENERAL SCIENCE ) a person who studies science or works with science
scis .sors ©
/ sizsrz /
a tool for cutting that has two sharp parts that are joined together
scold / skould /
to tell a child in an angry way that they have done something wrong
scoop 1 / skup /
a thing like a spoon that is used for picking up ice cream, flour, etc.
the amount that a scoop holds Two scoops of ice cream, please.
scoop 2 / skup /
to use a spoon or your hands to take something up or out
scoot • er / ' skutsr /
a light motorcycle with a small engine
a child's vehicle with two wheels that you stand on and move by pushing one foot against the ground
scope AWL / skoup /
[ noncount ] the chance or opportunity to do something The job offers plenty of scope for creativity.
[ singular ] the different subjects that are being discussed
score l Ф / sbr /
( SPORTS ) the number of points, goals, etc. that you get in a
game or competition
SCOre 2 Ф / sbr /
( SPORTS ) to get points, goals, etc. in a game or competition
to give a number that shows how well someone does on a test, a competition, etc.
score • board / ' skorbord /
( SPORTS ) a large board that shows the score during a game or competition
scorn / skorn /
a strong feeling that someone or something is stupid or not good enough
scor .pi .on
/ 'skorpion /
a small animal that looks like an insect and can hurt
(sting ) you with its tail
Scotch tape™ / ' skatj teip /
a type of clear tape that is sticky on one side, which you buy in a roll
scowl / skaul /
scram • ble / ' skrambl /
to move quickly up or over something, using your hands to help you
scram • bled eggs / ,skrambsld ' egz /
[ plural ]
eggs that you mix together with milk and cook in a pan with butter
scrap / skrap /
[ count ] a small piece of something
[ noncount ] something you do not want any more but that is made of material that can be used again
scrap • book / ' skrapbuk /
scorpion
sting
a large book with empty pages that you can stick pictures or newspaper articles in
scrape / skreip /
1 to move a rough or sharp thing across something
scraped the mud off my shoes with a knife.
to hurt or damage something by moving it against a rough or sharp thing
scratch 1 Ф / skraetj /
( scratch - es , scratch - ing , scratched )
to move your nails across your skin
to cut or make a mark on something with a sharp thing
scratch 2 © / skraetj/
a cut or mark that a sharp thing makes
from scratch from the beginning
scream 1 / skrim /
to make a loud, high noise with your voice that shows you
are afraid or hurt
scream 2 / skrim /
a loud, high noise you make with your voice
screech / skritj /
( screech es , screech - ing , screeched )
to make an unpleasant, loud, high sound
screen Ф / skrin /
( COMPUTERS ) the flat, square part of a television or computer where you see pictures or words
the flat thing on the wall of a theater, where you see movies
a kind of thin wall that you can move around. Screens are used to keep away cold, light, etc. or to stop people from seeing something
screen sav • er / ' skrin |seivar /
( COMPUTERS ) a picture that appears on your computer screen when you are not using it
screw 1 / skru/
screw 2 / skru /
1 to attach something to another thing using a screw
a small metal thing with a sharp end, which you use for fastening things together. You push it into something by
2 to turn something to attach it to another thing
screw • dri • ver / ' skrudraivar /
scrib • ble / skribl /
to write something or make marks on paper quickly and without care
script / skript/
the written words that actors speak in a play or movie
scrip • ture ( also Scrip - ture ) / ' skriptjar /
[noncount]
( RELIGION ) the book or books that a particular religion is based on
scroll / skroul /
( COMPUTERS ) to move what you can see on a computer screen up or down so that you can look at different parts of it
scrub / skrAb /
to rub something hard to clean it, usually with a brush and soap and water
scruff • y / skrAfi /
scu • ba div • ing / ' skuba |daivig /
[noncount]
swimming underwater using special equipment for breathing
sculp • tor / 'skAlptar /
( ART ) a person who makes shapes from materials like stone or wood
sculp • ture / ' skAlptfar /
[ count, noncount ]
( ART ) the art of making shapes from stone, wood, or other material; a work of art that has been made in this way
sea / si /
(GEOGRAPHY)
Sea [ count ] a big area of salt water
[ noncount ] the ocean
at sea
sea • food / sifud /
fish and small animals from the ocean that we eat, especially shellfish (= animals with shells that live in water )
sea • gull / ' sigAl /
a big, gray or white bird that lives near the ocean and makes a loud sound
sea l 1 / sii /
an animal with short fur that lives in and near the ocean, and that eats fish
a piece of paper or plastic on a package or bottle, which you have to break before you can open it
seal 2 / sil /
to close something by sticking two parts together
seam / sim /
[count]
a line where two pieces of cloth are joined together
search 1 Ф / S3rtj/ verb
( search es , search - ing , searched )
to look carefully because you are trying to find someone or something
search
when you try to find someone or something
search en • gine / 'sartj ^nd3an /
[ count ]
( COMPUTERS ) a computer program that searches the Internet for information
sea .shell/ sijd/ seashell
sea • shore / ' sijor /
[ singular ]
sea • sick / sisik /
( HEALTH ) If you are seasick , you feel sick because the boat you are on is moving a lot.
sea .son О / 'Sizn/ noun
[count]
one of the four parts of the year
(called spring , summer , fall , and winter )
a special time of the year for something
sea • son • ing / 'sizn«ig /
[ count, noncount ]
a substance used to add flavor to food, for example salt,
pepper (= powder with a hot taste ) or spices
seat © / sit/
something that you sit on
seat belt / ' sit belt /
a long, thin piece of material that you put around your body in a car, bus, or airplane to keep you safe
sea • weed / siwid /
a plant that grows in the ocean. There are many different types of seaweed .
se • clud • ed / sa ' kludad /
far away from other people, roads, etc.
next after first; 2nd
sec .ond 2 Ф / 'seksnd /
(
a very short time
sec • ond • ar • y school / ' sekan|deri |skul /
a school for children between the ages of about 12 and 18
sec • ond-class / |sekand ' klres /
sec • ond • hand / |sekand ' hrend /
sec • ond • ly / ' sekandli /
a word that you use when you are giving the second thing in a list
se • cre • cy / ' sikrasi /
not telling other people
se .cret 1 Ф / 'sikrst /
something that you do not or must not tell other people
without other people knowing
se .cret 2 Ф/ 'sikrot/
If something is secret , other people do not or must not know about it
sec • re • tar•i • al / |sekra ' terial /
connected with the work of a secretary
sec .re .tar .у Ф / 'sekra,teri /
a person who types letters, answers the telephone, and does other things in an office
a person who is in charge of a large department in the U.S. government
se • cre • tive / ' sikrativ /
If you are secretive , you do not like to tell other people
about yourself or your plans
se . cret . ly © / sikrotli /
without other people knowing
sect / sekt /
( POLITICS , RELIGION ) a group of people who have particular beliefs about religion or politics. A sect has often separated from a larger group
sec • tion © AWL / ' sekfn /
[count ]
sec • tor AWL / ' sektar /
( BUSINESS ) a part of the business activity of a country
( MATH ) a part of a circle that is between two straight lines drawn from the center to the edge
If you are secure , you feel safe and you are not worried
^ANTONYM insecure
safe
well locked or protected so that no one can go in or out
se • cU • ri • ty AW / sa'kyurati /
[noncount]
the feeling of being safe Children need love and security.
^■ANTONYM insecurity
things that you do to keep a place safe
se•date / sa ' deit /
( HEALTH ) to give someone medicine or a drug to make
them feel calm or want to sleep
sed • a • tive / ' sedativ /
( HEALTH ) a drug or medicine that makes you feel calm or want to sleep
see © / si / verb
( sees , see . ing , saw / so / has seen / sin / )
to know or notice something using your eyes It was so dark that I couldn't see anything. Can you see that plane?
to watch a movie, play, or television program
see to watch a movie, a television program, a game, a performance, etc. With this meaning, see is not used with the
to find out about something
to visit or meet someone
to understand something
to make certain about something Please see that you lock the door. I'll see ; we'll see
words that mean "I will think about what you have said and tell you what I have decided later"
words that you use when you are thinking or trying to
remember something
see someone off to go to an airport or a station to say goodbye to someone who is leaving
see to something to do what you need to do for
someone or something
see you ; see you later (
goodbye
seed © / sid /
( BIOLOGY ) the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant grows
seek aw / sik /
( seeks , seek . ing , sought / sot / has sought )
to try to find or get something
seem Ф / Sim /
to give the impression of being or doing something
seep / sip /
(used about a liquid) to flow very slowly through small holes in something
see • saw / ' siso / ( also see-saw )
a piece of equipment for children to play on. It is made of a piece of wood or metal, which moves up and down when a child sits on each end.
seg • ment / ' segmant /
1 a part of something
divided the sheet of paper into three segments.
one of the sections of an orange, a lemon, etc.
( MATH ) a part of a circle that is separated from the rest with one line
seg • re • gate / ' segrageit /
to separate one group of people from the rest, for example because of their race, religion, or sex
— Look
► seg • re • ga • tion / |segra' geifn /
seize / siz /
to take something quickly and firmly The thief seized her bag and ran away.
—SYNONYM grab
to take control of something, or to take something away from someone
sei • zure / ' si3ar /
[ noncount ] the act of taking something away or taking control of something
[ count ] a sudden attack of an illness, when a person becomes unconscious and their body may make violent movements
sel • dom / ' seldam /
not often
se • lect AWL / sa 'lekt /
( se - lects , se - lect - ing , se - lect - ed )
to take the person or thing that you like best
—SYNONYM choose
se • lec • tion AWL / sa 'lekfn /
[ noncount ] taking the person or thing you like best The manager is responsible for team selection.
[ count ] a group of people or things that someone has chosen, or a group of things that you can choose from
self / self /
happy again )
Prefix
self-
( in nouns and adjectives ) by yourself or itself; for yourself
or itself
self-con • fi • dent / | self kanfadant /
sure about yourself and what you can do
self-con • fi • dence / |self ' kanfadans /
[noncount]
self-con • scious / |self ' kanjas /
worried about what other people think of you
self-con • trol / |self kan' troul /
the ability to control yourself and your emotions
self-de • fense / |self di 'fens /
the use of force to protect yourself
self -em • ployed / |self em' ploid /
working for yourself, not for someone else
self -es • teem / |self i 'stim /
a good opinion of your own character and abilities
thinking too much about what you want and not about what
other people want
self • ish • ly / ' selfifli / adverb He behaved very selfishly.
self • ish • ness / ' selfifnas /
self-pit • y / |self ' piti /
when you think too much about your own problems and feel sorry for yourself
self-serv • ice / |self ' sarvas /
In a self-service store or restaurant you take what you want and then pay for it
sell w/ sel /
to give something to someone who pays you money for it
sell out ; be sold out to be sold completely so that there are no more left
sell out of something to sell all that you have of
something
sell • er / ' selar /
a person or company that sells something
something that is sold in the amount or way mentioned
se • mes • ter / sa 'mestar /
one of the two periods that the school or college year is divided into
PREFIX
semi-
( in adjectives and nouns ) half or part
sem • i • cir • cle / ' semi,ssrkl /
half a circle
sem • i • co • lon / semi,koulsn /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a mark ( ; ) that you use in
writing to separate parts of a sentence
sem • i • fi • nal / ' semifainl ; ,semi ' fainl /
( SPORTS ) one of the two games that are played in a competition to find out who will play in the last part of the competition (the final )
sem • i • nar / ' semsnar /
a class at a college, etc. in which a small group of students discuss or study a subject with a teacher
sen • ate / ' senst /
( POLITICS ) one of the two parts of the government that makes the laws in the U.S. and some other countries
—Look
Word building
The U.S. Government
The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
sen • a • tor / ' senstsr /
( POLITICS ) a member of the Senate
send О / send /
to make something go somewhere, especially a letter or a message;
to make someone go somewhere
send for someone or something to ask for someone
or something to come to you
send something off to mail something
Sen .ЮГ 1 Ф" / 'sinyor /
having a higher position in an organization
connected with the last year of high school or college
Senior (
sen • ior 2 / ' sinysr /
a student in the final year of high school or college
another word for senior citizen
sen • ior cit • i • zen / ,sinysr ' sitszn /
( also sen - ior )
a person who has reached the age when you can stop work
sen • ior • i • ty / ,sin 'yorsti /
the position that you have in a company or organization because of how long you have worked there
sen • sa • tion / sen'seijn /
1 a physical feeling
felt a burning sensation on my skin.
great excitement or interest The movie caused a sensation .
sen • sa • tion • al / sen ' seijn^l /
very exciting or interesting
very good or beautiful You look sensational tonight!
sense lO / sens/
1 [ noncount , singular ] the ability to feel or understand something
like him — he has a great sense of humor .
[ noncount , singular ] the ability to think carefully about something and to do the right thing
[ count ] ( BIOLOGY ) the power to see, hear, smell, taste, or touch
[ count ] a meaning This word has four senses. make sense
to be possible to understand
sense 2 / sens /
to understand or feel something
sen .si .ble О / 'senssbl /
able to think carefully about something and to do the right thing
sen .si .tive
understanding other people's feelings and being careful about them
easily becoming worried or unhappy about something, or about things in general
easily hurt or damaged She has very sensitive skin.
sen .tence 1 © / 'sentns /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a group of words that tells you something or asks a question. When a sentence is written, it always begins with a capital letter and usually ends with a period
the punishment that a judge gives to someone in a court of law
sen • tence 2 / ' sentns /
to tell someone in a court of law what their punishment will be
sen • ti • men • tal / |senta ' mentl /
producing or showing feelings, such as romantic love or happy memories, that are too strong or not appropriate
Sep . a . rate 1 © / 'sepret /
away from something; not together or not joined
different; not the same
sep • a • rate • ly / ' sepratli / adverb Should we pay separately or together?
Sep .a . rate 2 © / 'sepsreit /
to stop being together
—SYNONYM split up
to divide people or things; to keep people or things away from each other
to be between two things
sep • a • ra • tion / |sepa ' rei/n /
Sep .tem . ber © / sep'tembsr/
[ count, noncount ] (
se • quel / ' sikwal /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a movie, book, etc. that continues the story of the one before
se • quence awl / ' sikwans /
ser • geant / ' savant /
an officer in the army or the police
se • ri • al / ' sirial /
a story that is told in parts on television or in a magazine
se . ries © / 'siriz /
1 a number of things of the same kind that come one after another
heard a series of shots, and then silence.
a number of television or radio programs, often on the same subject, that come one after another
( SPORTS ) a number of games that are played one after another by the same two teams
Se .ri .OUS © / 'sirios/
very bad
important
not funny
If you are serious , you are not joking or playing Are you serious about going to live in Vermont? You look very serious. Is something wrong?
se • ri • ous • ly / ' siriasli /
ser • mon / ' sarman /
( RELIGION ) a talk that a priest gives in church
ser • vant / ' sarvant /
[count]
a person who works in a rich person's house, doing work like cooking and cleaning
serve ©/ sarv /
to give food or drink to someone Breakfast is served from 7:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.
to do work for other people During the war he served in the army. it serves you right
words that you use to tell someone that it is right that a bad thing has happened to them
serv . ice © / 'son-os / noun
[ count ] a business that does useful work for all the people in a country or an area
[ noncount ] the work that someone does for customers in a store, restaurant, or hotel
[ count, noncount ] help or work that you do for
someone
[ count ] the time when someone looks at a car or machine to see that it is working well
the services [ plural ] the army, navy, and air force
6 [ count ] ( RELIGION ) a meeting in a church with prayers and singing
serv • ice sta • tion / ' sarvas |steifn /
[ count ]
a place where you can buy fuel and other things for your car —SYNONYM gas station
ses • sion / ' sejn/
set 1 © / set /
to put something somewhere Dad set the plate in front of me.
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) to put the action of a play, book, or movie in a particular time and place
to make something happen
to make something ready to use, or to make something start working
to decide what something will be; to fix something
to become hard or solid Wait for the cement to set.
When the sun sets , it goes down from the sky.
—ANTONYM rise
to put knives, forks, plates, and other things on the table before you eat
set 2 © / set /
a group of things of the same kind, or a group of things that you use together
a piece of equipment for receiving electronic signals
a place where actors perform a play or part of a movie or TV program
( SPORTS ) a group of games that form part of a match in tennis or volleyball
set•back / ' setbrek /
a problem that stops you from making progress
set • ting / ' setig /
the place where something is or where something happens
one of the positions of the controls of a machine
Set .tie © / 'setl/
1 to decide something after talking with someone; to end a
discussion or an argument
to go to live in a new place and stay there
to come down and rest somewhere
to pay something
settle down
1 to sit down or lie down so that you are comfortable
settled down in front of the television.
to become calm and quiet
to begin to have a calm life in one place
set • tle • ment / ' setlmant /
an agreement about something after talking or arguing After days of talks, the two sides reached a settlement .
( GEOGRAPHY ) a group of homes in a place where no people have lived before
set • tler / ' setlar /
( HISTORY ) a person who goes to live in a place where not
many people live
sev .en © / 1 sevsn/
sev .en .teen © / ,sev3n'tin/
sev • en • teenth / |sevan ' tin6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
17th
2 one of seven equal parts of something; 1/7
sev .en .ty © / 'sevsnti/
70
the seventies [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperature between 70 and 79
in your seventies
between the ages of 70 and 79
sev • en • ti • eth / ' sevantia6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
70th
more than two but not many
se • vere / sa ' vir /
not kind or gentle a severe punishment
very bad
se • vere • ly / sa ' virli / adverb They punished him severely.
sew Ф / sou /
has sewed or has sewn / soun / )
PRONUNCIATION
The word sew sounds just like so .
to use a needle and cotton to join pieces of material together or to join something to material
sew • age / ' suid3 /
the waste material from people's bodies that is carried away from their homes in underground pipes
sew • er / ' susr /
an underground pipe that carries human waste to a place where it can be treated
sew • ing / ' sou4 /
the activity of sewing; something that you sew
sewing machine
sewn
sex Ф
[ count, noncount ] ( BIOLOGY ) the state of being a male or a female
[ noncount ] when two people put their bodies together, sometimes to make a baby
sex • ism AWL / ' seksizsm /
the unfair treatment of people, especially women, because
of their sex; the attitude that causes this
sex • u • al Ф AWL / ' sekjusl /
sex • y / seksi /
attractive or exciting in a sexual way
sh! ( also shh! ) / J /
be quiet!
shab • by / Jabi /
old and in bad condition because it has been used a lot
shack / Jak /
a small building that has not been built well
shade 1Ф / je id /
[ noncount ] a place where it is dark and cool because the sun does not shine there
[ count ] a thing that keeps strong light from your eyes
[ count ] how light or dark a color is
shade 2 / Jeid /
to stop light from shining on something
shad .OW Ф- / 'Jaedoo /
[count]
a dark shape that you see near someone or something that
is in front of the light
shad • y / Jeidi /
not in the sun
shake Ф / Jeik /
/ Juk / has shak . en / 'Jeiksn / )
to move quickly from side to side or up and down; to make something do this
to disturb or upset someone or something
to cause something to be less certain Nothing could shake her belief that she was right.
shake hands
to hold someone's hand and move it up and down when you meet them
shake your head
to move your head from side to side to say "no"
shak • y / Jeiki /
shaking because you are sick or afraid
not firm; not strong
a word that you use in questions when you are asking, offering, or suggesting something
(
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
shal • low / 'Jrelou /
not deep; with not much water
not interested in serious thought
^■ANTONYM deep
shame Ф / Jeim /
[ noncount ] the unhappy feeling that you have when you have done something wrong or stupid
[ singular ] a fact or situation that disappoints you or makes you feel sad
^■SYNONYM pity
shame • ful / 'Jeimfl /
that someone should feel bad about
shame • less / 'Jeimlas /
doing bad things without caring what other people think
sham • poo / Jrem ' pu /
( sham . poos , sham . poo . ing , sham pooed )
shape О / Jeip /
1 [ count, noncount ] what you see if you draw a line around something; the form of something
bought a bowl in the shape of a fish.
[ noncount ] the physical condition of someone or something
out of shape
(used about a person) not in good physical condition
take shape
to start to develop well
parallelogram
shapes
rectangle
circle
square triangle
shape 2® / Jeip /
to give a particular shape to something
having a certain shape
share iO/jw verb
( shares , shar . ing , shared )
to divide something between two or more people
to have or use something with another person
share гФ/jer/ noun
1 [ singular ] a part of something bigger that each person has
did my share of the work.
[ count ] ( BUSINESS ) one of equal parts which the value of a company is divided into, and which are sold to people who want to own part of the company
share • hold • er / Jerhouldar /
[count]
( BUSINESS ) a person who owns shares in a company
shark / jark /
a big fish that lives in the ocean. Sharks have sharp teeth and are often dangerous.
Sharp 1 Ф / Jaip/
1 with an edge or point that cuts or makes holes easily
^ANTONYM blunt
clear and easy to see
strong and sudden
able to see, hear, or learn well She has a very sharp mind. sharp eyes
sudden and angry
(
exactly
with a big change of direction Turn sharp right at the next corner.
sharp • en / Jarpan /
to make something sharp or sharper
sharp • en • er / Jarpanar /
[ count ]
a thing that you use for making something sharp
shat • ter / Jretar /
to break into very small pieces; to break something into very small pieces
to destroy something completely
shave / Jeiv/
to cut hair off your face or body by cutting it very close with a special knife (called a razor )
shav • er / Jeivar /
[count]
an electric tool that you use for shaving
[count]
a big piece of cloth that a woman wears around her shoulders, or that you put around a baby
a woman or girl who the sentence is about
shear / Jir /
to cut the wool off a sheep
shears / jirz /
a tool like a very large pair of scissors that you use for cutting plants, flowers, etc.
shed 1 / Jed /
shed 2 / Jed /
to lose something because it falls off
she'd / jid /
sheep О / jip /
an animal that people keep on farms for its meat and its wool
used to show the large size, amount, or level of something
going down quickly from a high place to a low place
sheet О / jit /
[count]
1 a big piece of thin material for a bed
put some clean sheets on the bed.
a thin, flat piece of something like paper, glass, or metal
shelf О / jelf /
a long, flat piece of wood on a wall or in a cabinet where
things can stand
shell О / jel /
( BIOLOGY ) the hard outside part of birds' eggs, nuts, and some animals
Look
Look at the picture at crustacean .
a metal container that explodes when it comes out of a large gunshe'll / jil /
shell • fish / Jelfif/
a kind of animal that lives in water and that has a shell
shellfish
mussel oyster
shel • ter 1 / 'Jeltar /
[ noncount ] protection from bad weather or danger We took shelter from the rain under a tree.
[ count ] a place that protects people or animals from bad weather, danger, etc.
to make someone or something safe from bad weather or danger
to go to a place where you will be safe from bad weather or danger
shelves
shep • herd / Jepard /
a person who takes care of sheep
sher • iff / Jeraf /
an officer of the law, who is in charge of the police force of a U.S. county
she's / jiz /
shield 1 / jild /
a big piece of metal, wood, or leather that soldiers carried in front of their bodies when they were fighting in wars long ago. Some police officers carry shields now.
shield 2 / jild /
to keep someone or something safe from danger or from being hurt
shift 1 aw / Jift /
( shifts , shift - ing , shift ed )
to move something from one place to another
to change the way you think about something Attitudes toward marriage have shifted over the years.
to change the position of gears in a car (= the parts that control how fast the wheels turn )
shift 2 aw Ц / Jift /
1 a change in what people think about something
2 a group of workers who begin work when another group
finishes
shin / Jin /
the bone in the front part of your leg from your knee to your foot
shine © / Jain /
to give out light The sun is shining.
to be bright
to direct a light at someone or something
Shin .у О / Jaini/
ship 1©/Jip/
a big boat for carrying passengers and goods on the ocean
ship 2 / Jip /
to send or carry goods from one place to another
ship • ment / Jipmant /
[ count ] a quantity of goods that is sent from one place to another
[ noncount ] the transportation of goods from one place to another
ship • ping / Jipig /
the activity of carrying goods from one place to another
ships in general or considered as a group
ship • wreck / Jiprek /
an accident on the ocean when a ship is destroyed in bad weather or on rocks be shipwrecked
shirt © / jart /
The word shirt sounds like hurt .
a thin piece of clothing that you wear on the top part of your body
to shake because you are cold, afraid, or sick
shoal / Joul /
( BIOLOGY ) a large group of fish that feed and swim together
ShOCk 1Ф / Jak/
1 [ count ] a very bad surprise
[ noncount ] ( HEALTH ) a medical condition that makes you very weak, caused by damage to the body
[ count ] a sudden pain when electricity goes through your body
shock 2 Ф / Jak /
to give someone a very bad surprise; to upset someone
feeling surprised in a bad way, and upset or angry
shoe О / Ju /
a covering made of leather or plastic that you wear on your foot
sneakers
shoe
slippers
boot
shoes
sandal
shoes
shoe • lace / Juleis / ( also lace / leis / )
a long, thin piece of material like string that you tie to close a shoe
shone
shook
ShOOt l©/Jut/
to fire a gun or another weapon; to hurt or kill a person or an animal with a gun
to move quickly or suddenly
to make a movie
( SPORTS ) (in some sports) to throw, hit, or kick a ball toward or into the area where you score points
shoot 2 / Jut /
a situation in which someone is shot with a gun
Shop 1 Ф / Jap /
shop around to look at the price and quality of an item in different stores before you decide where to buy it
shop 2 / Jap /
a small store which usually sells only one type of product
a place where things are made or repaired
shop • lift • ing / Japliftig /
shop • per / Japsr /
shop . ping Ф / Japii] /
usually go shopping on the weekend.
the things that you have bought in a store
Shopping shopping go/go out shopping/grocery shopping go to the grocery store/the drug store/the mall at the store try on clothes/shoes stand in/wait in the checkout line buying accept/take credit cards pay in cash/by check/by (credit) card ask for/get a receipt/a refund/a discount return/exchange an item/a product
shop • ping cen • ter / 'Japig |sentar /
[count]
a place where there are many stores, either outside or in a covered building
shop • ping mall / 'Japig mol /
shore / Jor /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the land next to the ocean or a lake
shorn
short © / Jort /
a small distance from one end to the other
-ANTONYM long
less tall than most people
-ANTONYM tall
lasting for only a little time
-ANTONYM long
be short for something
to be a short way of saying or writing something
to not have enough of something
as a short way of saying or writing something
short • age / jortid3 /
a situation where there is not enough of something
short cir • cuit / Jort ' sarkat /
( PHYSICS ) a bad electrical connection that causes a machine to stop working
short • cut / 'JortkAt /
a shorter way to get somewhere or to do something
short • en / 'Jortn /
to become shorter or to make something shorter
short • ly / 'Jortli /
shorts / Jorts /
short pants that end above your knees
a piece of loose clothing that men wear under their pants
short sto • ry / Jort ' stori /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a piece of writing that is shorter than a novel
short-term / Jort ' tarm /
of or for a short period of time
-^ANTONYM long-term shot 1
ShOt 2©
the action of firing a gun, or the noise that this makes
( SPORTS ) the action of throwing, hitting, or kicking a ball in certain sports
a photograph
( HEALTH ) the act of putting a drug into your body using a needle
shot • gun / 'JatgAn /
a long gun that is used for shooting small animals and birds
should © / Jbd ; Jud /
The word should sounds like good , because we don't say the letter l in this word.
a word that you use to give or ask someone for advice
a word that you use to tell or ask someone what is the right thing to do
-SYNONYM ought to
a word that you use to say what you think will happen or what you think is true
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
shoul .der © / 'Jouldar /
The word shoulder sounds like older .
the part of your body between your neck and your arm
a narrow part along the side of a road where cars can stop
shoul • der bag / 'Jouldar Ьжд /
a type of bag that you carry over one shoulder with a long, narrow piece of cloth or leather
shoul • der blade / 'Jouldar bleid / count ]
( BIOLOGY ) one of the two large, flat bones on each side of your back
shoul • der-length / Jouldar le4e /
(used about hair) long enough to reach your shoulders
should • n't / judnt /
should've / judav /
shout
shove / Jav /
shov . el i / м / shovel
shov • el 2
( shov els , shov - el ing , shov - eled )
show 1 SB / Jou /
to let someone see something She showed me her family photos.
to make something clear; to explain something to someone
to appear or be seen
to lead someone to a place Let me show you to your room.
show someone around to go with someone and show
them everything in a building
show off to talk loudly or do something silly to make
people notice you
show something off to let people see something that is
new or beautiful
to arrive
show 2 Ф / Jou /
something that you watch at the theater or on television
a group of things in one place that people go to see
show busi • ness / Jou |biznas /
[noncount]
the business of entertaining people in the theater, in movies, on television, etc.
show • er / Jauar /
to wash yourself under a shower
to cover someone or something with a lot of small falling objects
show .er 1 Ф / Jaoor/
a place where you can wash by standing under water that falls from above you
the act of washing yourself in a shower
rain that falls for a short time
a party where people give presents to a woman who is going to get married or have a baby
a small, thin piece of material that has been cut or torn off
shrewd / jrud /
able to make good decisions because you understand
people or situations well
shriek / jrik /
to make a loud, high sound
shrill / Jril /
shrimp / Jrimp /
[count]
a small animal with a soft shell and a lot of legs that lives in the ocean. It turns pink when you cook it.
shrine / Jrain /
( RELIGION ) a special place that is important to people for religious reasons
shrink / Jrigk /
to become smaller or to make something smaller
shriv • el / jrivl /
to become smaller, especially because of dry conditions
shrub / JrAb /
a plant like a small low tree
shrug / JrAg /
to move your shoulders to show that you do not know or do not care about something
shrug
shrunk
( shud - ders , shud - der - ing , shud - dered )
to shake because you are cold or afraid, or because of a strong feeling
shud • der
shuf • fle / 'JAfi /
( shuf - fles , shuf - fling , shuf - fled )
to walk slowly, without taking your feet off the ground
to mix playing cards before a game
Shut 1© / jAt/
—SYNONYM close
shut down to close and stop working; to make something close and stop working
—SYNONYM close down
shut something off to stop a supply of electricity, water, or gas
words you use to tell someone to be quiet in a rude way
not open
—SYNONYM closed
shut • ter / 'jAtar /
a wooden or metal thing that covers the outside of a window
shut • tle / 'jAt_l /
an airplane, a bus, or a train that travels regularly between two places
= space shuttle
shy © / Jai /
not able to talk easily to people you do not know
sib • ling / ' siblig /
sick © / sik /
When you are sick , food comes up from your stomach and
out of your mouth
—SYNONYM vomit
be sick of something
to have had or done too much of something, so that you do
not want it any longer
feel sick
to feel that food is going to come up from your stomach sick • ness / ' siknas /
( HEALTH ) being or feeling sick
side © / said /
one of the flat outside parts of something
the part of something that is not the front, back, top, or bottom
the part of something that is near the edge and away from the middle
the right or left part of something
one of two groups of people who fight, argue, or play a game against each other
side by side
next to each other
take sides
to show that you agree with one person, and not the other, in a fight or an argument
side • burns / ' saidbarns /
hair that grows down the sides of a man's face, in front of his ears
side ef • fect / ' said i,fekt /
( HEALTH ) an extra and usually bad effect that a drug has on
you, as well as its useful effects
side • walk / ' saidwok /
the part at the side of a road where people can walk
to or from the side
with one of the sides first
siege / sid3 /
a situation when an army stays outside a town, or police stay outside a building for a long time so that no one can get in or out
si • es • ta / si 'ests /
a short sleep or rest that people take in the afternoon, especially in hot countries
sieve / siv /
a type of kitchen tool that you use to remove lumps from
food such as flour or soup
sigh / sai /
to let out a deep breath, for example because you are sad, tired, or pleased sigh
sight Ф / salt /
[ noncount ] the ability to see
—SYNONYM eyesight
[ noncount ] seeing someone or something We had our first sight of the city from the plane.
[ count ] something that you see The mountains were a beautiful sight.
sights [ plural ] the interesting places, especially in a city or town, that are often visited by tourists
[ noncount ] a position where you can see someone or something
when you see someone or something for the first time
catch sight of someone or something
to see someone or something suddenly
lose sight of someone or something
to no longer be able to see someone or something
sight • see • ing / ' saitsiig /
the activity of visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist
Sign 1 Ф / sam /
a thing with writing or a picture on it that tells you something
something that tells you that something exists, is happening, or may happen in the future
a mark, shape, or movement that has a special meaning
Sign 2 Ф/ sain /
to write your name in your own way on something
sig .nal © / ' signsl/
a light, sound, or movement that tells you something without words
an electrical wave that carries a sound, a picture, or a
message
sig • na • ture / ' signstjsr /
your name as you usually write it, for example at the end of a letter The verb is sign .
sig • nif • i • cance AWB / sig' nifsksns /
[ noncount ]
sig • nif • i • cant |awl| / sig 'nifsksnt /
important or large enough to be noticed
having a particular meaning
sign lan • guage / ' sain ,l®ggwid3 /
[noncount]
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a language that uses movements of the hands. It is used especially by people who cannot hear.
sign • post / ' sainpoust /
a sign beside a road that shows the way to a place and how far it is
Sikh / sik /
( RELIGION ) a person who follows one of the religions of India (called Sikhism ) Sikh
si .Ience
can only work in complete silence .
[ count, noncount ] a time when no one speaks or makes a noise
SAN DIEGO 235 miles
with no sound; completely quiet Everyone was asleep, and the house was silent.
If you are silent , you are not speaking
sil • hou • ette / isiiu' et /
the dark shape of something that you can see against a light surface
sil • i • con / ' silikan ; ' silikan /
( CHEMISTRY ) a chemical substance that is used for making computer parts and glass
silk / silk /
a soft, smooth cloth made from a substance that an insect (called a silkworm ) makes
silk • y / ' silki /
soft, smooth, and shiny like silk
sill / sil /
a narrow shelf at the bottom of a window
sill / sil /
a narrow shelf at the bottom of a window
sil .ver l© / silvor/
(
things that are made of silver, for example knives, forks, and dishes
with the color of silver;
sil • ver • ware / ' silvarwer /
forks, knives, and spoons that are made of silver or some other metal
sim i .lar О Г / ' simalar /
sim • i • lar • i • ty aw fl ЯЯшПЯГэПлИкШга
[ count ] (
a way that people or things are the same
-ANTONYM difference
sim • il • e / ' simali /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a word or phrase that compares one thing with something else, using the words "like" or "as"
sim • mer / ' simar /
to cook gently in water that is almost boiling
sim .ple © / simpl /
easy to do or understand
—ANTONYM difficult
without a lot of different parts or extra things
-SYNONYM plain
sim • plic • i • ty / sim' plisati /
sim • pli • fy / ' simplafai /
to make something easier to do or understand
sim • ply / ' simpli /
a word that you use when you want to show how easy or basic something is
in a simple way
really
sim • u • late AWL / ' simyaleit /
to create the effect or appearance of something else
sim • u • la • tion AWL / simya 'leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
si • mul • ta • ne • ous / rsaiml.'teinias /
happening at exactly the same time
si • mul • ta • ne • ous • ly / isaimb teiniasli / adverb "I'm sorry!" they said simultaneously.
sin / sin /
( RELIGION ) something that your religion says you should not do, because it is very bad
sin
1 from a time in the past until a later time in the past or until now
because
at a time after another time in the past
sin • cere / sin ' sir /
being honest and meaning what you say
—ANTONYM insincere
sin • cere • ly / sin ' sirli /
1 in a sincere way
am sincerely grateful to you.
Sincerely a word that you write at the end of a formal letter, before your name
sing © / sir) /
( sings , sing ing , sang / / has sung / sAg / )
sing .er© /'эщэг/
( MUSIC ) a person who sings, or whose job is singing, especially in public
sin .gle 1© / 'sirjgl/
only one; He gave her a single red rose.
a word that makes "every" stronger
not married; Are you married or single?
for one person; I would like a single room, please. a single bed —Look at double 1 ( 3 ).
sin • gle 2 / ' siggl /
( MUSIC ) one song, which you can buy on a CD, or from the Internet, etc.
a piece of paper money that is worth one dollar
sin • gle par • ent / |siggl ' perant /
[count]
a person who takes care of their child or children alone, without help from the other parent
sin • gu • lar / 'siggyalar /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of a word that you use
for one person or thing
►sin • gu • lar
sin • is • ter / ' sinastar /
making you feel that something bad will happen
sink 1 чР / sirjk/
/ sregk / has sunk / sAgk / )
1 to go down under water
to make a ship go down under water
to go down
sink 2 / sir)к /
a large container in a kitchen where you wash dishes, or in a bathroom where you wash your hands and face
sip / sip /
to drink something slowly, taking only a little each time
►sip
sir © / sar /
a polite way of speaking to a man, instead of using his name
Sir a word that you use at the beginning of a formal letter to a man
a machine that makes a long, loud sound to warn people about something. Police cars and fire engines have sirens .
sis .ter © / 'sistsr/
1 a girl or woman who has the same parents as you
have two sisters and one brother. Jane and Anne are sisters.
Sister ( RELIGION ) a female member of a religious group —SYNONYM nun
sis • ter-in-law / 'sistar in io /
(
the sister of your wife or husband
the wife of your brother
Sit ©/ sit /
to rest your weight on your bottom, for example in a chair
to be in a particular place or position The letter sat on the table for two days.
sit down to move your body downward so you are sitting
sit • com / ' sitkam /
site AWL| / sait /
1 a place where a building is, was, or will be
a place where something happened
( COMPUTERS ) a place on the Internet that you can look at to find out information about something
—SYNONYM website
sit • u • at • ed / ' sitfueitad /
in a place
the things that are happening in a particular place or at a particular time
an exercise for the stomach muscles in which you lie on your back, then lift the top half of your body from the floor
Six © / siks /
six .teen © / sikstin /
six • teenth / sik ' stin6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
16th
one of sixteen equal parts of something; 1/16
[count] 1 6th
2 one of six equal parts of something; Уб Six .ty © / siksti/
2 the sixties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperatures between 60 and 69
in your sixties
between the ages of 60 and 69
six • ti • eth / ' sikstia6 / pronoun, adjective, adverb, noun [ count ]
60th
size © / saiz /
[ noncount ] how big or small something is My bedroom is the same size as yours.
[ count ] an exact measurement
siz • zle / ' sizl /
to make the sound of food frying in hot fat
skate 1 / skeit /
( SPORTS ) to move over ice or the ground wearing skates
skat • ing / ' skeitig /
skate 2 / skeit /
[count]
a boot with a long sharp piece of metal under it, which you wear for moving on ice
a boot with wheels on the bottom, which you wear for moving quickly on smooth ground
ice skates in-line skates
skate .board
/ ' skeitbord /
a long piece of wood or plastic on wheels. You stand on it as it
moves over the ground.
► skate • board • ing / ' skeitbordig /
skat • ing rink / ' skeitig rigk / ( also rink )
[count]
a special place where you can skate on ice
a special place where you can roller skate (= move around in boots with small wheels on the bottom )
skel . e . ton / 'skebtn /
„ skull
spine
the bones of a whole animal or person
skep • ti • cal / ' skeptikl /
having doubts that something is true or that something will happen
skates
roller skates
sketch / sketj /
( ART ) a picture that you draw quickly
sketch
ski / ski /
[count] (
ski
skid / skid /
If a vehicle such as a car or truck skids , it moves suddenly and in a dangerous way to the side, for example because the road is wet
skies
Skill Ф /skil/
[ noncount ] the ability to do something well
[ count ] a thing that you can do well What skills do you need for this job?
good at something because you have learned about or done it for a long time
skil • let / ' skilst/
skill • ful • ly / ' skilfsli /
skim / skim /
to remove something from the surface of a liquid
to read something quickly in order to get the main idea
skim milk / ,skim milk /
milk that contains less fat than normal because the cream has been removed from it
Skin Ф /skm/
[ count ]
1 the substance that covers the outside of a person or an animal's body
Collocations Physical Appearance face
blue/green/brown eyes pale/flushed/rosy cheeks white/perfect/crooked teeth a long/short/neat beard hair and skin pale/fair/dark skin smooth/wrinkled skin straight/curly/wavy hair a bald/shaved head 2 the outside part of some fruits and vegetables
skin • ny / skini /
too thin
slim is a positive word, meaning thin in an attractive way. It is often used to describe women:
skinny is a more informal word meaning very thin. It can be used with a negative meaning to describe someone who is too thin:
—ANTONYM overweight
skip / skip /
to move along quickly with little jumps from one foot to the other
to not do or have something that you should do or have
► skip
skirt Ф / sksrt /
PRONUNCIATION
The word skirt sounds like hurt .
a piece of clothing for a woman or girl that hangs from the middle of the body (the waist ) and covers part of the legs
Look at the picture at clothes .
ski slope / ' ski sloup /
[count]
a part of a mountain where you can ski
skull / sk\l /
the bones in the head of a person or an animal
Look at the picture at skeleton .
sky © / skai /
the space above the earth where you can see the sun, moon, and stars
sky .div .ing skydiving
/ 'skai^laivii] /
( SPORTS ) a sport in which you jump from an airplane and fall through the sky before you open your parachute (= a large piece of cloth that lets you fall to the ground slowly )
sky • line / ' skailain/
the shape that is made by tall buildings, trees, hills, etc.
against the sky
sky .scrap .er skyscraper
slab / steb /
piece an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the rest of it. This is a very general word and can be used with most noncount nouns:
lump a piece of something hard or solid, especially one without any particular shape:
loose
not busy
slacks / steks /
pants, especially not very formal or informal ones
slam / slrem /
( slams , slam ming , slammed )
to close something or put something down with a loud noise
slang / steg /
very informal words that people use when they are talking. You do not use slang when you need to be polite, and you do not usually use it in writing.
slant / stent /
Something that slants has one side higher than the other or does not stand straight up
slant
slap / step /
to hit someone with the flat, inside part of your hand
slap
slash / stej /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a mark ( / ) that you use in writing. It shows different possibilities, for example "lunch and/or dinner," and also to write fractions , for example 3/4.
slaugh • ter / ' siotar /
( slaugh ters , slaugh - ter - ing , slaugh - tered )
to kill an animal for food
to kill a lot of people in a cruel way
slaugh • ter
slave 1 / sleiv/
a person who belongs to another person and must work for that person for no money
slave 2 / sleiv /
to work very hard
slav • er • y / ' sleivari /
sled / sled /
a small vehicle with pieces of metal or wood instead of wheels, which you sit in to move over snow
— Look
sleep 1© / slip / verb
( sleeps , sleep - ing , slept / slept / has slept )
sleep ovei to sleep at someone else's house
sleep 2©/slip /noun
1 [ noncount ] the natural condition of rest when your eyes are closed and your mind and body are not active or conscious
didn't get any sleep last night.
[ singular ] a period of sleep
to start to sleep
sleep • ing bag
/ ' slipig Ьжд /
a big, warm bag that you sleep in when you go camping
sleep • less / ' sliplas /
sleep • y / slipi /
1 tired and ready to sleep
feel sleepy after that big meal.
quiet, with not many things happening
sleet / slit /
snow and rain together
sleeve О / sliv/
the part of a coat, dress, shirt, etc. that covers your arm
sleigh / sb /
a large vehicle with pieces of metal or wood instead of wheels that you sit in to move over snow. A sleigh is usually pulled by animals.
slept
slice Ф / slais /
[ count ]
Thesaurus
piece an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the rest of it. This is a very general word and can be used with most noncount nouns:
lump a piece of something hard or solid, especially
one without any particular shape:
slab a thick, flat piece of stone, ice, or food:
slice
Thesaurus
cut to divide something into two or more pieces with a knife, etc.:
carve to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating:
slide 1 Ф/ slaid /
to move smoothly or to make something move smoothly
across something
slide 2 / slaid /
a long, metal thing that children play on. They climb up steps, sit down, and then slide down the other side.
a small photograph that you show on a screen, using a special machine (called a projector )
slight / slait /
slight .ly © / slaitli /
a little
slim / slim /
thin, but not too thin
slim is a positive word, meaning thin in an attractive way. It is often used to describe women:
skinny is a more informal word meaning very thin. It can be used with a negative meaning to describe someone who is too thin:
—ANTONYM overweight
slime / slaim/
a thick liquid that looks or smells bad
sling 1 / slig /
( HEALTH ) a piece of cloth that you wear to hold up an arm
that is hurt
sling 2 / slig /
( slings , sling - ing , slung / sl.uj / has slung )
Slip 1 © / slip/
to move smoothly over something by accident and fall or almost fall
to move out of the correct position or out of your hand by accident
to go quickly and quietly so that no one sees you
to put something in a place quickly and quietly
slip up (
slip 2 / slip /
a small mistake It was just a slip.
a small piece of paper
slip • per / ' slipar /
a light, soft shoe that you wear in the house
so smooth or wet that you cannot move on it or hold it easily
slit / slit /
► slit
slith • er / ' slidar /
to move by sliding from side to side along the ground like a snake
slob / slab /
a lazy, messy person
slo • gan / ' slougan /
a short sentence or group of words that is easy to remember. Slogans are used to make people believe something or buy something
slope 1 / sloup /
a piece of ground that has one end higher than the other,
like the side of a hill
slope 2 / sloup /
slop • py / slapi /
showing a lack of care or effort; careless or messy
slot / slat /
a long, thin hole that you push something through
slot ma • chine / ' slat majin /
a machine in which you put money and play a game to win money
SlOW 1Ф / slou /
not moving or doing something quickly
If a clock or watch is slow , it shows a time that is earlier than the real time
—ANTONYM fast slow 2 / slou /
slowly
slow 3 / slou /
to start to go more slowly; to make someone or something start to go more slowly
slow • ly / ' slouli /
at a slow speed; not quickly
slug / skg /
a small, soft animal that moves slowly and eats plants
slum / skm /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a poor part of a city where people live in old, dirty buildings
slump / skmp /
( BUSINESS ) (used about prices, sales, and the economy) to fall suddenly and by a large amount
to fall or sit down suddenly because you are sick, weak, or tired
slung
slush / s1aJ/
snow on the ground that has partly melted and is usually dirty
A person who is sly tricks people or does things secretly. —SYNONYM cunning
smack / smffik /
( smacks , smack - ing , smacked )
to hit someone with the inside part of your hand
small Ф / smol /
not big; little
young
smart / smart /
1 able to learn and think quickly; intelligent
Thesaurus
2 (
smash / sm®/ /
( smash - es , smash - ing , smashed )
to break into many pieces, or to break something in this way
Thesaurus
crack (used about something hard) to break so that a line appears, but without dividing into smaller pieces; to break something in this way:
snap to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break something in this way:
to move with great force in a particular direction
smear / smir /
smell © / smel
to have a particular smell
to notice something with your nose
to have a bad smell
► smell
smell • y / smeli /
having a bad smell
smile 1 w/ smail
to move your mouth to show that you are happy or that you think something is funny
smile 2Ф / smail /
an expression on your face in which the corners of your mouth turn up, showing that you think something is good, funny, etc.
smog / smag /
dirty, poisonous air that can cover a whole city
smoke Ф / smouk /
the gray, white, or black gas that you see in the air when
something is burning
smoke 2 © / smouk / verb ( smokes, smok - ing , smoked )
to breathe in smoke through a cigarette, etc. and let it out again; to use cigarettes, etc. in this way, as a habit
to send out smoke
smok • er / ' smoukar /
Smoked food is put over a wood fire to give it a special taste
smok • ing / ' smoukig /
the activity or habit of smoking cigarettes, etc.
smok • y / ' smouki / ( smok - i - er , smok - i - est )
full of smoke
smol • der / ' smouldar /
smooth Ф / smud /
having a completely flat surface
—ANTONYM rough
with no big pieces in it
A smooth movement or trip is even and comfortable The weather was good, so we had a very smooth flight.
—ANTONYM bumpy
without any problems
smooth • ly / ' smudli / adverb The plane landed smoothly.
smoth • er / ' smAdar /
( smoth - ers , smoth - er ing , smoth - ered )
to kill someone by covering their face so that they cannot breathe
to cover a thing with too much of something
smudge / smAd3 /
( smudg es , smudg ing , smudged )
If something smudges or you smudge it, it becomes dirty or messy because you have touched it
smudge
smug / smAg /
too pleased with yourself, in a way that bothers other people
smug • gle / ' smAgl /
to take things secretly into or out of a country when this is against the law
smug • gler / ' smAglar / noun [ count ] drug smugglers
snack / snak /
snack bar / ' snak bar /
a place where you can buy and eat snacks
snag / snreg /
a small problem
a small, soft animal with a hard shell on its back. Snails
move veiy slowly.
snail slug
snake Ф / sneik /
an animal with a long, thin body and no legs
snap 1 / snap /
1 to break something suddenly with a sharp noise; to be
broken in this way
Thesaurus
crack (used about something hard) to break so that a line appears, but without dividing into smaller pieces; to break something in this way:
snap to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break something in this way:
to say something in a quick, angry way
to try to bite someone or something
snap your fingers
to make a sharp noise by moving your middle finger quickly against your thumb
snap 2 / snrep /
[count]
a sudden sound of something breaking
a small, round, metal object with two parts that you press together to fasten a piece of clothing
snap • shot / ' snrepjat / [count]
a photograph that you take quickly
snarl / snarl /
When an animal snarls , it shows its teeth and makes a
low, angry sound
snatch / snretj /
to take something with a quick, rough movement
—SYNONYM grab
sneak / snik /
to go somewhere very quietly so that no one sees or hears you
sneak • er / ' snikar /
a soft shoe that you wear for playing sports or with informal clothes
sneer / snir /
to speak or smile in an unkind way to show that you do not like someone or something, or that you think they are not good enough
sneeze / sniz /
( sneez.es,sneez . ing ,sneezed )
( HEALTH ) to make air come out of your nose and mouth with a sudden loud noise, for example because you have a cold
sneeze
sniff / snif /
1 to make a noise by suddenly taking in air through your nose. People sometimes sniff when they have a cold or when they are crying
wish you'd stop sniffing!
to smell something
sniff noun [ count ] I heard a loud sniff.
snip / snip /
snip • er / ' snaipar /
a person who shoots at someone from a hidden place
snob / snab /
a person who likes people with a high social position and
thinks they are better than other people
snooze / snuz /
to sleep for a short time
snooze
snore / snor /
to make a noise in your nose and throat when you are asleep
snore
snor • kel / ' snorkl /
a short tube that a person swimming just below the surface of the water can use to breathe through
snor • kel • ing / ' snorkalig /
snorkeling
(D
snorkel
(D
mask
(D
swimsuit
0
flipper
snort / snort /
to make a noise by blowing air through the nose
snout / snaut /
( BIOLOGY ) the long nose of certain animals
snow Ф / snou /
[noncount]
soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky when it is very cold
► snow
to not be able to leave home or travel because there is too much snow
snow • ball / ' snoubol / [count]
a ball of snow that children throw at each other
snowballs at each other )
snow • fall / ' snoufol /
[ count, noncount ]
the snow that falls on one occasion, or the amount of snow that falls in a place
snow • flake / snoufleik /
[ count ]
one piece of falling snow
snow • man / ' snoumffin/
(
the figure of a person that children make out of snow
snow • plow / ' snouplau /
a large vehicle that clears snow away from roads
snow • storm / ' snoustorm /
a winter storm with a lot of snow and strong winds —SYNONYM blizzard
snow • y / ' snoui /
with a lot of snow
snuck
SO 1 Ф / sou /
a word that makes an adjective or adverb stronger, especially when this produces a particular result
You use "so" instead of saying words again
also
snow • board
[noncount]
( SPORTS ) the sport of moving down mountains that are covered in snow using a large board (called a
snowboard ) that you fasten to both your feet
ing / ' snoubordig /
and so on
and other things like that
or so
words that you use to show that a number is not exactly right
goodbye
because of this or that
( also so that ) in order that
a word you use when you want to start talking about something
why is that important or interesting?
soak / souk /
to make someone or something very wet Soak the plants thoroughly once a week.
to be in a liquid; to let something stay in a liquid
very wet
very wet
soap Ф / soup /
[noncount]
a substance that you use with water for washing and cleaning
► soap • y / ' soupi /
soap op • er • a / ' soup ,apra /
a story about the lives of a group of people, which is on TV every day or several times each week
soar / sor /
to fly high in the sky
to go up very fast
sob / sab /
to cry loudly, making short sounds sob
not having drunk too much alcohol —ANTONYM drunk
so-called aw L / ,sou ' kold /
a word that you use to show that you do not think another word is correct
soc • cer
/ saksr /
( SPORTS ) a game for two teams of eleven players who try to kick a round ball into the other team's goal
so • cia • ble / ' sou/sbl /
friendly and enjoying being with other people SO .Cial Ф / 'soujl/
connected with people together in society; connected with
being with other people
so • cial • ly / ' sou/sli /
so • cial • ism / ' soujl^izsm/
( POLITICS ) the political idea that is based on the belief that all people are equal and that money and property should be equally divided
— Look
so • cial • ist / ' soujl^ist /
so • cial • ize / ' soujwiz /
( so - cial iz - es , so - cial - iz - ing , so - cial - ized )
to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way
so • cial net • work /,sou/sl ' netwsrkig/
the activity of meeting and communicating with people using a website or other service on the Internet
so • cial sci • ence / ,soujsi ' saisns /
[ noncount ] ( also so - cial stud - ies / ' sou/sl ,sUdiz / ) [ plural ]
the study of people in society
So • cial Se • cu • ri • ty / ,souji ss ' kyursti /
( POLITICS ) money that a government pays to people who
are elderly or cannot work
so • cial work • er / ' soujl ,wsrksr /
[ count ]
a person whose job is to help people who have problems, for example because they are poor or sick
SO .ci .e .ty Ф / so'saioti /
[ noncount ] a large group of people who live in the same country or area and have the same ideas about how to live
[ count ] a group of people who are interested in the same thing
so • ci • ol • o • gy / ,sousi 'alsd3i /
the study of human societies and the way people behave
sock © / sak /
a thing that you wear on your foot, inside your shoe
sock • et / sakst /
a place in a wall where you can connect electrical equipment to a power supply
—SYNONYM outlet
so • da / souds /
[noncount]
a sweet flavored drink with bubbles in it, which does not contain alcohol
( also so - da wa - ter ) water with bubbles in it that is used for mixing with other drinks
—SYNONYM club soda
so • di • um / ' soudism /
( CHEMISTRY ) a soft silver-white metal that is found in salt and other chemical mixtures ( compounds )
so • fa / soufs /
[ count ]
a long, soft seat for more than one person
soft О / soft /
not hard or firm; that moves when you press it
smooth and nice to touch; not rough
not bright or strong the soft light of a candle
quiet or gentle; not loud
kind and gentle; not strict
soft drink / ' soft drigk /
a sweet flavored drink with bubbles, which does not have alcohol in it
—SYNONYM soda
soft
( soft
to become softer or more gentle, or to make something
softer or more gentle
soft • ly / ' sofli /
soft • ware / softwer /
[noncount]
( COMPUTERS ) programs for a computer
sog • gy / sagi /
very wet
soil © /soil /
[ noncount ]
what plants and trees grow in; earth
of or using the sun
the so •lar sys • tem / da ' soular |sistam /
the sun and the planets that move around it
sold
sol .dier © / 'эоиЫзэг/
[ count ]
a person in an army
only
sole 2 aw / soul / n
[ count ] the bottom part of your foot or of a shoe
[ count, noncount ] (
sole • ly AWl| / ' soulli/
serious
► sol • emn • ly / ' salamli /
hard, not like a liquid or a gas Water becomes solid when it freezes.
with no empty space inside; made of the same material inside and outside
sol .id 2 © / 'sabd /
[count ]
something that is hard; not a liquid or gas
( MATH ) an object that has length, height, and width , not a flat shape
• en / sofn /
cube
pyramid
so • lid • i • fy / sa'lidafai /
to become hard or solid
sol • i • tar • y / ' sab|teri /
without others; alone
sol • i • tude / ' salatud / [noncount]
the state of being alone, especially because you want to be
so • lo 2 / ' soulou /
( MUSIC ) a piece of music for one person to sing or play
sol • u • ble / ' salyabl /
( CHEMISTRY ) If something is soluble , when you put it in a liquid it becomes part of the liquid
so .lu .tion © / sa ' lu/n /
1 the answer to a question or problem
can't find a solution to this problem.
the correct answer to a game, a competition, etc.
a liquid that has a solid substance mixed completely ( dissolved ) into it
solve © / salv/
The word some sounds just like sum .
solids
cylinder
cone
sphere
Which word? Some or any?
We use some in statements, and in questions where we expect the answer to be "Yes":
part of a number or an amount of something Some of the children can swim, but the others can't.
I do not know which
some time
a long time
some . bod .у © / '«лтЬлсП ; 'sAmbadi /
some . how © / 'злтЬаи /
in some way that you do not know
some . one ©/ 'влтилп / ( also some . bod . у )
a person; a person that you do not know
some • place / ' s\mpleis /
som • er • sault / ' s\marsolt /
a movement when you turn your body with your feet going over your head
some .thing © / ' s\m8ig /
a thing; a thing you cannot name
or something (
words that you use to show you are not sure about what you have just said
the same as someone or something in some ways, but not in every way
some • time / ' s\mtaim /
some .times © / 'sAmtaimz/
not very often
some • what aw / ' s\mw\t /
a little
some .where © / ' s\mwer /
( also some place )
at, in, or to a place that you do not know exactly
a word that you use when you do not know the exact time, number, etc.
The word son sounds just like sun .
a boy or man who is someone's child
song © / sol] /
[ count ] a piece of music with words that you sing
[ noncount ] singing; music that a person or bird makes
son-in-law / ' s\n in lo /
the husband of your daughter
son • net / ' sanat /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a poem that has 14 lines and a fixed pattern of which lines end with the same sound as others
as soon as
sooner or later
at some time in the future
soot / sut /
[noncount]
black powder that comes from smoke
soothe / sud /
( soothes , sooth ing , soothed )
to make someone feel calmer and less unhappy
to make something less painful This cream will soothe your skin.
► sooth • ing / ' sudig /
so •phis • ti • cat • ed / sa ' fistakeitad /
1 having a lot of experience of the world and social situations; knowing about things like fashion and culture
2 (used about machines, systems, etc.) advanced and complicated
soph • o • more / ' safmor /
a student who is in the tenth grade in high school or the second year of college
so • pran • o / sa 'prffinou /
( MUSIC ) the highest singing voice; a woman or child with this voice
sor • row / ' sarou ; ' sorou /
sadness
sor . ry Ф / sari ; sori /
a word that you use when you feel bad about something you have done
feeling sad
a word that you use to say "no" politely
a word that you use when you did not hear what someone said and you want them to say it again
SOrt 1 Ф / sort /
a group of things or people that are the same in some way; a type or kind
words that you use when you are not sure about something
SOrt 2 Ф / sort /
to put things into groups
sort through something to look through a lot of things in order to organize them or to find something that you are looking for
SOS / ,es ou ' es /
OK, but not very good
sought AWL
[ count ] the part of a person that some people believe does not die when the body dies
( also soul mu - sic ) [ noncount ] a kind of music that was made popular by African-American musicians
not one person
sound 1© / saund /
sound 2Ф / saund /
to seem a particular way when you hear it
to make a sound, or to cause something to make a sound
right and good
healthy or strong
sound 4 / saund /
sleeping very well
sound • ly / ' saundli /
sound • proof / ' saundpruf /
made so that no sound can get in or out
sound • track / ' saundtrffik /
( MUSIC ) the music that has been recorded for a movie
SOUP Ф / sup /
liquid food that you make by cooking things like vegetables
or meat in water
with a sharp taste like a lemon If it's too sour, put some sugar in it.
—SYNONYM tart
Sour milk tastes bad because it is not fresh
source AWL / sors /
[count]
south Ф / sau9 /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the direction that is on your right when you watch the sun come up in the morning
south • east ( also South - east ) / |sau6 'ist /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the direction between south and east; a place in this direction
Look at the picture at compass .
south • east adjective, adverb
►south • east • ern / |sau6 ' istarn /
south .ern Ф / '«Adorn/
( GEOGRAPHY ) connected with, in, or from the south
south • ern • er ( also South - ern - er )
/ ' sAdarnar /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a person who is from or who lives in the southern part of a country
—ANTONYM northerner
the South Pole / da |sau6 ' poul / singular ]
( GEOGRAPHY ) the point on the earth's surface which is farthest south
south • west ( also South - west ) / |sau6 ' west /
Look at the picture at compass .
south • west adjective, adverb Our garden faces southwest.
south • west • ern / |sau6 ' westarn /
sou • ve • nir / |suva ' nir /
something that you keep to remember a place or a special event
sow / sou /
to put seeds in the ground
soy • bean / ' soibin /
a type of bean that can be cooked and eaten, or used to make different kinds of food, for example oil and a type of milk
spa / spa /
a place where people go to relax, take exercise, and have health and beauty treatments
space Ф / speis /
[ noncount ] a place that is big enough for someone or something to go into or onto
[ count ] an empty place between things
3 ( also out - er space ) [ noncount ] the area outside the earth's atmosphere where all the other planets and stars are
space • craft / ' speiskraft /
a vehicle that travels in space
space • ship / ' speisjip /
a vehicle that travels in space
space shut • tle / ' speis JAtl / ( also shut . tle )
a vehicle that can travel into space and land like an airplane when it returns to Earth
spa • cious / ' speifas /
with a lot of space inside
spade / speid /
[ count ] a tool that you use for digging
spades [ plural ] the playing cards that have the shape 4 on them
spa • ghet • ti / spa ' geti /
a kind of food made from flour and water (called pasta ) that looks like long pieces of string
spam / spam /
( COMPUTERS ) advertisements that companies send by email to people who have not asked for them
span 1 / span /
the length of something from one end to another
the length of time that something continues We are looking at a time span of several months.
span 2 / span /
to continue for a particular length of time
to form a bridge over something
not needed now, but kept because it may be needed in the future
Spare time is time when you are not working
spare 2 / sper /
more than is needed
spark / spark /
a very small piece of something that is burning
spar • kle / ' sparkl /
spar • kling / ' sparklig /
shining with a lot of very small points of light
Sparkling wine or water has a lot of small bubbles in it.
spar • row / ' sp®rou /
small in quantity or amount
speak ® / spik /
to say things; to talk to someone
on the telephone )
Thesaurus
talk to say words to another person or other people. You talk to someone in order to give information, show feelings, or share ideas:
speak to talk to someone about something; to have a conversation with someone. You speak to someone in order to try to achieve something or to tell them to do something. Speak is a little more formal than talk :
discuss to talk and share ideas with other people about a subject or problem, especially in order to decide something. The word discuss is more formal than speak :
communicate to share and exchange information or ideas with someone. Communicate is a little formal, and is often used when the method of communication is important:
to know and use a language
speak .еГ © / 'spiksr /
a person who is talking to a group of people
the part of something such as a radio or CD player where the sound comes out
spear / spir /
a long stick with a sharp point at one end, used for hunting or fighting
spe .cial 1® / 'spell /
not usual or ordinary; important for a reason
for a particular person or thing
spe • cial 2 / ' spejl /
something that is not usually available but that is offered for a short time
spe • cial • ist / 'spe>ist /
[ count ]
a person who knows a lot about something
spe • cial • ize / ' spe>aiz /
( spe - cial - iz - es , spe - cial - iz - ing , spe cial - ized )
specialize in something to study or know a lot about one subject, type of product, etc.
spe • cial • ly / ' spejln /
for a particular purpose or reason
spe • cial • ty / ' spe>ti /
(
something that is made by a person or place that is very good and that they or it is known for
an area of study or a subject that you know a lot about
spe • cies / ' spijiz /
(
( BIOLOGY ) a group of animals or plants that are the same and can breed (= make new animals or plants ) together
spe • cif • ic ^WJ / sps 'sifik /
exact and clear
particular
( spec - i - fies , spec - i - fy - ing , spec - i - fied )
to say something clearly or in detail
spec • i • men / ' spessmsn /
( GENERAL SCIENCE )
one example of a group of things specimens of different types of rock
a small amount or part of something that shows what the rest is like
speck / spek /
a very small spot, mark, or piece of something
spec • ta • cle / ' spektakl /
spec • tac • u • lar / spek ' trekyabr /
wonderful to see
spec • tac • u • lar • ly / spek' trekyabrli / adverb This is a spectacularly beautiful area.
spec • ta • tor / ' spekteitar /
a person who is watching an event, especially a sports event
spec • trum / ' spektram /
( PHYSICS ) the set of seven colors into which white light can be separated
spec • u • late / ' spekyaleit /
to make a guess about something without knowing all of the facts
spec • u • la • tion / ,spekya ' leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
sped
speech © / spitf /
[ count ] a talk that you give to a group of people
[ noncount ] the power to speak, or the way that you speak
speed Ф / spid/
speed 2 / spid /
to go or move very quickly He sped past me on his bike.
to drive too fast
speed up ; speed something up to go faster; to
make something go faster
speed • boat / ' spidbout /
a small fast boat with an engine
speed lim • it / ' spid limat /
the fastest that you are allowed to travel on a road
speed • om • e • ter / spi ' damatar / [count]
a piece of equipment in a vehicle that tells you how fast you are traveling
spell 1© / spel/
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS )
to use the right letters to make a word
(used about a set of letters) to form a particular word
spell 2 / spel /
a short period of time
magic words that make someone change or make them do what you want
spell • ing / ' spelig /
ARTS )
[ count, noncount ] the right way of writing a word Look in your dictionary to find the right spelling.
[ noncount ] the ability to spell correctly
spend Ф / spend /
( spends , spend . ing , spent / spent / has spent )
to pay money for something
to pass time
sperm / sparm /
( BIOLOGY ) a cell that is produced by a male and that can join with a female egg to produce young
sphere aw п / sfir /
( MATH ) any round object that is like a ball
spher • i • cal AWL| / ' sfirikl ; ' sferikl /
spice Ф / spais /
a powder of the seeds from a plant, which you can put in
food to give it a stronger taste
spic • y / ' spaisi /
spi .der О
/ ' spaidar /
a small animal with eight legs, which catches and eats insects
spied
spies
plural of spy 1
form of spy 2spike / spaik/ noun [ count ]
a piece of metal with a sharp point
spik • y / spaiki /
having sharp points
Spiky hair sticks straight up in the air.
spill / spil /
If you spill a liquid, it flows out of something by accident
spin / spin /
( spins , spin ning , spun / spAn / has spun )
to turn around quickly; to turn something around quickly
to make thread from wool or cotton
If a spider spins a web (= a thin net that it makes to catch flies ) , it produces thread from its own body to make it.
spin • ach / ' spinitj / [noncount]
a vegetable with big, green leaves
spine / spain /
the line of bones in your back —Look
one of the sharp points on some plants and animals
spi • ral / spairal /
[ count ]
a long shape that goes around and around as it goes up
spire / ' spaiar /
spir .it Ф / 'spirit /
[ count ] the part of a person that is not the body. Some people think that your spirit does not die when your body dies.
spirits [ plural ] the way that a person feels
spirits [ plural ] strong alcoholic drinks such as whiskey
spir • i • tu • al / ' spiritjual /
connected with deep thoughts and feelings rather than the physical body
( RELIGION ) connected with religion
spit / spit /
spite / spait /
when someone deliberately says or does unkind things
in spite of something
although something is true; not noticing or caring about something
—SYNONYM despite
spite • ful / ' spaitfl /
saying or doing unkind things
splash 1 / spi®/ /
( splash - es , splash - ing , splashed )
to throw drops of liquid over someone or something; to make this happen
splash 2 / splffij /
the sound that a person or thing makes when they fall into water
a small amount of liquid
splen • did / ' splendad /
very beautiful or very good
splin • ter / ' splintar /
a very small, thin, sharp piece of wood, metal, or glass that has broken off a bigger piece
split 1 / split /
1 to divide or separate; to make this happen
split the wood with an ax. We split the money between us.
to tear or break apart; to make this happen
split 2 / split /
a long cut or hole in something
a disagreement that divides a group of people
spoil ® / spoil /
to make something less good than before
to give a child too much so that they think they can always have what they want
(used about a child) rude and badly behaved because people give them everything they ask for
spoke 1
spoke 2 / spouk /
one of the thin bars that join the middle part of a wheel to the outside part
spokes • man / ' spouksman /
( also spokes - wom - an / ' spoukswuman / )
[ count ] (
spokes ■ wom - en / ' spoukswiman / )
a person who tells someone what a group of people has
decided
spokes • per • son / ' spouksp3rsn /
/ spoukspipl / )
a person who tells someone what a group of people has decided
sponge / spAnd3 /
spong • y / ' spAnd3i /
spon • sor 1 / ' spansar /
a person or a company that gives money so that an event will take place
a person who agrees to pay money to a charity if someone else completes a particular activity
spon • sor 2 / ' spansar /
to give money so that an event will take place The local team was sponsored by a large company.
to agree to pay money to a charity if someone else completes a particular activity
spon • ta • ne • ous / span ' teinias /
spook • y / spuki /
making you feel nervous or afraid
-►SYNONYM creepy
SpOOn Ф / spun /
a thing with a round end that you use for eating, serving, or mixing food
spoon • ful / ' spunful /
the amount that you can put in one spoon
Sport Ф / sport /
a physical game or activity that you do to keep your body strong or because you enjoy it
sports car
/ sports kar /
a fast car, usually with a roof that you can open
sports • man / ' sportsman / (also sports- wom- an
/ ' sportswuman / )
/ ' sportsman / , sports - wom - en / ' sportswiman / ) a person who plays sports
sport • y / ' sporti /
liking or good at sports
Spot 1Ф / spat /
a small, round mark
a place
spot 2 / spat /
to see someone or something suddenly
spot • less / ' spatlas /
completely clean
spot • light / ' spatlait /
a strong light that shines a bright light on a small area. Spotlights are often used in theaters.
spot • ty / ' spati /
good in some parts, but not in others
spouse / spaus /
your husband or wife
spout / spaut /
the narrow part of a container that you pour liquid out of
sprain / sprein /
to hurt part of your body by turning it suddenly
sprang
sprawl / sprol /
spray 1 / sprei /
1 [ noncount ] liquid in very small drops that flies through the air
spray 2 / sprei /
to make very small drops of liquid fall on something
spread © / spred /
to open something so that you can see all of it The bird spread its wings and flew away. Spread out the map on the table.
to put a soft substance all over something
to reach more people or places; to make something do this
spread • sheet / ' spredjit /
( COMPUTERS ) a computer program for working with rows of numbers, used especially for doing accounts
spree / spri /
a time when you go out and do a lot of something that you
enjoy, often doing too much of it
spring i© spring
/ sprig
[count,noncount] the part of the year after winter, when plants start to grow
[ count ] a
long,thin piece of metal that is twisted around and around. A spring will go back to the same size and shape after you push or pull it.
[ count ] ( GEOGRAPHY ) a place where water comes out of the ground;
spring 2 / sprig /
to jump or move suddenly
spring up to appear or develop quickly or suddenly
sprin • kle / ' sprig ki /
to shake small pieces of something or drops of a liquid on another thing
sprin • kler / sprigklsr /
a thing that sends out water in small drops. Sprinklers are used on grass and for stopping fires in buildings.
sprint / sprint /
to run a short distance very fast
sprout 1 / spraut /
( BIOLOGY ) to start to grow
sprout 2 / spraut /
a new part that has grown on a plant sprung
spy 1 / spai /
a person who tries to learn secrets about another country, person, or company
spy 2 / spai /
to watch a country, person, or company and try to learn their secrets
squab • ble / ' skwabi /
( squab - bles , squab - bling , squab - bled )
to argue about something that is not important
► squab • ble
squad / skwad /
[count]
square 1 © / skwer /
a shape with four straight sides that are the same length
an open space in a town or city, with buildings around it
( MATH ) the number that you get when you multiply another number by itself
square 2 © / skwer /
with four straight sides that are the same length
(
(used about something that is square in shape) having sides of a particular length
( MATH ) (used about a number) multiplied by itself
square root / ,skwer ' rut /
( MATH ) a number that produces another particular number when it is multiplied by itself
squash 1 / skwaj /
to press something hard and make it flat
to push a lot of people or things into a small space
squash 2 / skwaj /
[ noncount ] ( SPORTS ) a game where two players hit a small ball against the wall in a special room
[ count, noncount ] (
squat / skwat /
to bend your knees and sit just above the ground
squeak / skwik /
►squeak
squeak • y / ' skwiki /
squeal / skwil /
( squeals , squeal . ing , squealed )
to make a loud, high sound
squeal noun [ count ] squeals of delight
squeeze / skwiz /
(squeez.es,squeez . ing ,squeezed )
to press something hard
to go into a small space; to push too much into a small space
squash
squeeze
squeeze
press crush
squid / skwid /
an animal that lives in the ocean. It has a soft body and ten long parts (called tentacles ). — Look
squint / skwint /
to look at something with your eyes almost closed
squir • rel / ' skwaral /
a small gray, brown, or black animal with a big, thick tail. Squirrels live in trees and eat nuts.
squirt / skwart/
(used about a liquid) to suddenly come out and go onto something or toward something; to make this happen
Sr.
St.
abbreviation of saint
abbreviation of street
stab / streb /
to push a knife or another sharp thing into someone or something
sta • bil • i • ty АШИ / sta' bilati/
being steady and not changing
sta • bi • lize AWL / ' steibbaiz /
to become or to make something firm, steady, or not likely to change
not likely to move, fall, or change
—ANTONYM unstable
sta • ble 2 AWL / ' steibl /
a building where you keep horses
stack 1 / strek /
a lot of things on top of one another
—SYNONYM pile
stack 2 / strek /
sta • di • um / ' steidiam /
( SPORTS ) a place with seats around it where you can watch sports
stadium a large place with seats around the sides where you can watch sports:
track an area with a special surface for people or cars to have races on:
staff / stffif /
stage О / steid3 /
a particular time in a longer set of things that happen
the part of a theater where the actors, dancers, etc. perform
stag • ger / ' stffigar /
to walk as if you are going to fall
stag • nant / ' stffignant /
If water is stagnant , it is not moving, so it is dirty and smells bad.
stain / stein /
to leave a dirty mark on something, which is difficult to remove
stain • less steel / lsteinlas ' stil / [noncount]
a metal that does not rust (= change color or get damaged by water )
1 stairs [ plural ] steps that lead up and down inside a building
ran up the stairs to the bedroom. —Look at downstairs , upstairs .
one of the steps in a set of stairs
stai r • case / ' sterkeis / ( also stair . way )
/ ' sterwei /
stale / steil /
stalk / stok /
one of the long, thin parts of a plant that the flowers, leaves, or fruit grow on
stall / stol/
a big table with things on it that someone wants to sell, for example in a street or market
a small area with walls around it and a shower or toilet in it
a small area with walls around it for one animal, especially a horse
stal • lion / ' stffilyan /
stam • i • na / ' stffimana /
the ability to do something difficult for a long time
stam • mer / ' stffimar /
to say the same sound many times when you are trying to say a word
stam • mer
sta mp 1Ф/stsemp /
a small piece of paper that you put on a letter to show that you have paid to send it
a small piece of wood or metal that you press on paper to make marks or words
stamp 2 / stffimp /
to put your foot down very hard
to walk by putting your feet down hard and loudly
to press a small piece of wood or metal on paper to make marks or words
stam • pede / st®m ' pid /
[count]
a situation when a lot of animals or people start running in the same direction because they are frightened or excited
stam • pede
( stam pedes , stam - ped - ing , stam - ped - ed )
Sta nd 1 Ф" / stsend /
to be on your feet
( also stand up ) to get up on your feet The teacher asked us all to stand up.
to be in a place
to put something somewhere
to be able to survive difficult conditions
hate to have a strong feeling of not liking someone or something. This word is often used in informal English to talk about people or things that you really do not like:
dislike a slightly formal way of saying that you do not like someone or something, but not in a strong way. It is more usual to say "don't like":
stand by
to watch but not do anything
to be ready to do something
stand by someone to help someone when they need it
stand for something to be a short way of saying or
writing something
stand out to be easy to see
stand someone up (
to not keep an appointment with someone
stand up for someone or something to say that
someone or something is right; to support someone or
something
stand up to someone to argue or fight with a more powerful person who is attacking you
stand 2 Ф / staend /
[ count ] a table or small store where you can buy things or get information
[ count ] a piece of furniture that you can put things on
stands [ pl ural ] ( SPORTS ) a large structure where people can watch sports from seats arranged in rows that are low near the front and high near the back
stan • dard / 'standard /
[ count ] how good someone or something is
standards [ plural ] a level of behavior that people think is acceptable
stan • dard 2 Ф' / 'standard /
normal; not special
stan • dard • iZe / ' standardaiz /
to make things of a certain type the same as each other
stand • ard of liv / | standard av ' livig /
how rich or poor you are
stand • by / ' standbai /
a person or thing that is ready to be used if needed
on standby
ready and waiting to do something immediately if needed
stand • still / stanstil /
a situation when there is no activity or progress
stank
sta • ple / ' steipl /
a small piece of metal that you use for fastening pieces of paper together. You press the staples through the paper, using a stapler ,
sta • pler / ' steiplar /
a tool that you use for fastening pieces of paper together with metal staples ,
Star 1 © / star /
one of the small, bright lights that you see in the sky at night
a shape with points
a famous person who performs something or plays sports, for example an actor
star 2 / star /
to be the main actor in a play or movie
to have someone as a star
starch / startf/
( BIOLOGY , CHEMISTRY ) a white substance that is found in foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread
Star6 © / ster /
star • fish
/ ' starfij /
a flat animal that lives in the ocean and is shaped like a star
the Stars and Stripes/6s ,starz sn ' straips/
the national flag of the U.S.
Start 1 Ф/ start
1 to begin to do something
start work at nine o'clock. It started raining.
to begin to happen; to make something begin to happen
to begin to work or move; to make something begin to work or move
Start 2 Ф / start /
the beginning or first part of something She arrived after the start of the meeting.
the act of starting something
words that you use when you give your first reason for something
star • tle / ' startl /
to make someone suddenly surprised or afraid
starve / starv /
State 1 © / steit /
( POLITICS ) a part of a country, especially one of the 50 parts of the United States
( POLITICS ) a country and its government Many social programs are run by the state.
the States [ plural ] (
State 2 О / steit /
state . ment & / 'steitmsnt/
something that you say or write, especially officially
states • man / ' steitsmsn /
(
( POLITICS ) a politician with a lot of experience who the public respects
stat • ic / ' stretik /
sudden noises on a radio or television, caused by electricity in the atmosphere
( also stat - ic e - lec - tric - i - ty / lst®tik ilek' trissti / ) electricity that collects on the surface of something
Sta .tion © / 'steijn/
a place where trains stop so that people can get on and off;
a place where buses start and end their trips
a building for some special work
a television or radio company
sta • tion • ar • y / ' steijh^eri /
sta • tion • er • y / ' steirn^eri /
paper, pens, and other things that you use for writing
folders
notebook
ballpoint pen
pencil
I
stationery
paper clips
I
highlighter
stapler staples pencil sharpener glue
sta • tion wag • on / ' steijn iwregsn /
[count] .
station wagon
a long car with a door at the back and space behind the back seat for carrying things
stat • is • ti • cian awl / ,stretistijn /
[ count ]
a person who studies or works with statistics
sta • tis • tics AWL| / sta 'tistiks /
( MATH )
numbers that give information about something Statistics show that women live longer than men.
the science of studying and collecting these numbers
►sta • tis • ti • cal AWL| / sta 'tistikl /
stat • ue / ' stretju/
a model of a person or an animal, made from stone or metal
sta • tus AWL / ' stretas ; ' steitas /
[ noncount ] the legal position of a person, group, or country
[ singular ] your social or professional position compared to other people
Stay 1 Ф / stei /
1 to be in the same place and not go away
stayed in bed until ten o'clock.
to continue in the same way and not change
to live somewhere for a short time I stayed with my friend in Atlanta. Which hotel are you staying at ?
stay behind to be somewhere after other people have gone
stay 2 / stei /
stead .v i® / ' stedi /
not moving or shaking
developing or changing at a regular speed
not changing or stopping She now has a steady job . His breathing was steady. ►stead • i • ly / ' stedali / adverb Prices are falling steadily.
stead • y 2 / stedi /
(stead • ies, stead • y • ing, stead • ied, has stead ied )
to stop yourself, someone, or something from moving, shaking, or falling
steak / steik /
a wide, flat piece of meat, especially meat from a cow (called beef )
steal Ф / stil /
A person who steals is called a thief . A thief steals things:
steam i Ф / stim/ noun
[noncount]
the gas that water becomes when it gets very hot
steam 2 / stim /
to send out steam
to cook something in steam
steel / stil /
very strong metal that is used for making things like knives, tools, and machines
steep / stip /
► steep • ly / ' stipli /
stee • ple / ' stipi /
[count]
a tall, pointed structure on the top of a church
steer / stir /
to make a car, boat, bicycle, etc. go left or right by turning a wheel or handle
steer • ing wheel / stirig wil /
the wheel that you turn to make a car go left or right
steering wheel
I dashboard
stem / stem /
( BIOLOGY ) the long, thin part of a plant that the flowers and leaves grow on
( ART ) a thin piece of metal, plastic, or heavy paper with a design cut out of it. You put it against a surface and paint over it so that the design is left on the surface; a design that is produced in this way
Step 1 Ф / step /
[count]
a movement when you move your foot up and put it down in another place to walk, run, or dance
a place to put your foot when you go up or down
one thing in a list of things that you must do
step by step
doing one thing after another; slowly
Step 2 Ф / step /
to move your foot up and put it down in another place when
you walk, run, or dance
step out to leave a place for a short time
step • father / ' stepfadar /
a man who has married your mother but who is not your father
Word building
The child of your stepmother or stepfather is called your stepbrother or stepsister . The child from an earlier marriage of your husband or wife is called your stepson or stepdaughter .
step • lad • der / ' steplffidar /
[ count ]
a type of ladder (= a thing that helps you to climb up something ) with two parts, one with steps. The parts are joined together at the top so that it can stand on its own and be folded up when you are not using it.
step • mother / ' stepmAdar /
a woman who has married your father but who is not your mother
Word building
The child of your stepmother or stepfather is called your stepbrother or stepsister . The child from an earlier marriage of your husband or wife is called your stepson or stepdaughter .
Ster . e . О / 'steriou /
► ster • e • o
ster • e • o • type / ' steriataip /
an idea that a lot of people have about a particular type of person or thing, which is often not really true
ster • ile / ' steral /
( BIOLOGY , HEALTH )
not able to produce young animals or babies
completely clean and free from things that can cause disease ( bacteria )
stern 1 / starn /
serious and strict with people; not smiling or friendly
stern 2 / starn /
the back end of a ship or boat
steth • o • scope
/ ' ste9askoup /
( HEALTH ) the thing that a doctor uses to listen to your heart and breathing
stew / stu /
[ count, noncount ]
food that you make by cooking meat or vegetables in liquid for a long time
► stew
stew • ard / stuard /
a man whose job is to serve and help people on a ship or an airplane
stew • ard • ess / stuardas /
a woman whose job is to serve and help people on a ship or an airplane
Stick 1 Ф/ stik /
to push a pointed thing into something Stick a fork into the meat to see if it's cooked.
to join something to something else with a sticky substance; to become joined in this way
to be fixed in one place; to not be able to move
(
stick out to come out of the side or top of something so that you can see it easily
stick to something to continue with something and not change it
stick together (used about a group of people) to stay friendly and support each other
stick up for someone or something to say that someone or something is right
stick 2 Ф / stik /
a long, thin piece of wood
a long, thin object that is used in some sports to hit or control the ball
a long, thin piece of something
stick • er / ' stikar /
a small piece of paper with a picture or words on it, which you can stick onto things
Stick .уФ/ stiki/
able to stick to things; covered with a substance that can stick to things
stiff / stif /
not easy to bend or move
a word that you use to show that something has not changed
although that is true
a word that you use to make another word stronger It was cold yesterday, but today it's colder still.
sti 11 2 Ф / stil /
without moving
►still • ness / ' stilnas /
stim • u • late / ' stimyaleit /
(stim - u - lates, stim u - lat - ing , stim - u - lat - ed )
to make something active or more active
to make someone feel interested in or excited about something
sti ng 1 / stig /
( stings , sting - ing , stung / stug / has stung )
( HEALTH ) If an insect or a plant stings you, it hurts you by pushing a small sharp part into your skin
to feel a sudden sharp pain The smoke made my eyes sting.
Thesaurus
sting 2 / stig /
( also sting - er / ' stigar / ) the sharp part of some insects, which can hurt you
( HEALTH ) a place on your skin where an insect or a plant has stung you
sti n
A stingy person does not like to give or spend money. —ANTONYM generous
stink 1 / stigk /
/ stagk / has stunk / stAgk / ) (
to have a very bad smell
to seem to be very bad or unpleasant
stink 2 / stigk/
stir / star /
to move a spoon or another thing around and around to mix something
to move a little; to make something move a little
stir-fry 1 / ' star frai /
to cook thin pieces of vegetables, fish, or meat quickly by moving them around in very hot oil
stir-fry 2 / ' star frai /
a hot dish of pieces of vegetables, fish, or meat that have been stir-fried
stitch 1 / stitf /
1 a small line or circle of thread that joins or decorates cloth
a circle of wool that you put around a needle when you are knitting (= making clothes from wool )
( HEALTH ) a short piece of special thread that doctors use to sew the edges of a cut together
stitch 2 / stitr /
stock 1 / stak /
things that a store keeps ready to sell We have a large stock of tables and chairs. I'll see if we have your size in stock.
a share in a company or business that someone has bought, or the value of those shares
— Look
stock 2 / stak /
stock up to collect a large amount of something that you can use in the future
stock • bro • ker / ' stakbrouksr /
( BUSINESS ) a person whose job is to buy and sell shares in companies for other people
stock ex • change / ' stak iks|tjemd3 /
( also stock mar - ket / ' stak markst / )
stock • ing / ' stakig /
a long, thin piece of clothing that a woman wears over her leg and foot
stock • pile / ' stakpail/
( stock - piles , stock - pil ing , stock - piled )
stole, sto • len
stom .ach Ф / ' sUmsk /
( BIOLOGY ) the part inside your body where food goes after you eat it
the front part of your body below your chest and above your legs
stom • ach • ache / ' sUmskeik /
( HEALTH ) a pain in your stomach
Stone Ф / stoun/
1 [ noncount ] the very hard material that is in the ground. Stone is sometimes used for building
[ count ] a small piece of stone
[ count ] a small piece of beautiful rock that is very valuable
containing a lot of stones; covered with a lot of stones
stood
a small seat with no back
stoop / stup /
Stop 1 © / stap /
stopped to mail a letter.
to not do something anymore; to finish
to make someone or something finish moving or doing something
stop by to make a short visit somewhere
stop someone from doing something
Stop 2 Ф / stap /
the moment when someone or something finishes moving
a place where buses or trains stop so that people can get on and off
stop • light / ' staplait/
a light that changes from red to yellow to green, to tell cars and other vehicles when to stop and start
—SYNONYM traffic light
stor • age / ' storid3 /
the process of keeping of things somewhere until they are needed
StOre 1 Ф / stor /
a building or part of a building where things are bought and sold
— Look
things that you are keeping to use later
in store
going to happen in the future
store 2 w/ stor /
to keep something to use later
The noun is storage .
store • keep • er / ' storkipar /
a person who owns a small store
Storm 1 Ф / storm /
When there is a storm, you hear thunder and see lightning in the sky.
Cyclones , hurricanes , tornadoes , and typhoons are large, violent storms.
storm 2 / storm /
to move in a way that shows you are angry
storm • y / ' stormi /
with strong wind and rain
StO . Гу Ф/ 'stori /
words that tell you about people and things that are not real
words that tell you about things that really happened My grandmother told me stories about when she was a child.
one level in a building The building has four stories.
—SYNONYM floor
StOVe Ф / stouv /
a piece of kitchen equipment for cooking with electricity or gas. It has places for heating pots on the top and an oven for cooking food inside it
a closed metal box in which you burn wood or other fuel to heat a room
Straight 1 Ф / streit /
with no curves; going in one direction only
with one side as high as the other
honest and direct
(
—ANTONYM gay
get something straight
to get the grade "A" (= the best grade ) in all of your classes
straight 2® / streit /
in a straight line
without stopping or doing anything else; directly
straight • en / streitn /
straight • for • ward aw / |streit ' forward /
strain 1 / strein /
physical force
a feeling of being very worried, or the problems that cause you to feel this way
an injury to part of your body, caused by making it work too hard
strain 2 / strein /
to try very hard
to hurt a part of your body by making it work too hard
to pour a liquid through something with small holes in it, to remove any solid pieces
strand / strffind /
one piece of thread or hair
strand • ed / strffindad /
left in a place that you cannot get away from
strange Ф / Streind3/
unusual or surprising
that you do not know
strange • ly / ' streind3li /
strang • er / ' streind3ar /
a person who you do not know
a person who is in a place that they do not know
stran • gle / ' straggi /
( stran - gles , stran gling , stran - gled )
to kill someone by pressing their neck so that they cannot breathe
strap 1 / strffip /
a long, flat piece of material that you use for carrying something or for keeping something in place
strap 2 / strrep /
stra • te • gic AWL / stra 'tid3ik /
helping you to achieve a plan
strat • e • gy AwL / ' strretad3i /
straw / stro /
[ noncount ] dried plants that animals sleep on or that people use for making things like hats and floor coverings
[ count ] a thin paper or plastic tube that you can drink through
the last straw ; the final straw
the last of several bad things; the thing that finally makes a situation impossible for you
straw • ber • ry / ' stro,beri /
a soft, red fruit with seeds near the surface
A stray animal is lost or does not have a home
►stray
streak / strik /
a long, thin line that is a different color from the surface it is on
stream 1 / strim /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a small river
moving liquid, or moving things or people
stream 2 / strim /
to move like water
( COMPUTERS ) to play video or sound on a computer while you are receiving it from the Internet
stream • line / ' strimlain /
(stream • lines , stream lin ing , stream • lined )
to give something like a car or boat a long, smooth shape so that it can go fast through air or water
to make an organization or a way of doing things work better by making it simpler
lane one part of a larger road, marked with painted lines to keep lines of traffic separate:
street • car / ' stritkar /
an electric bus that runs along metal tracks (called rails ) in the road
—SYNONYM trolley
street • light / ' stritiait /
a light on a tall post in the street
strength Ф / stregk6 /
1 how strong or powerful you are
don't have the strength to lift this box — it's too heavy.
how strong a feeling or an opinion is
a good quality or ability that someone or something has
—ANTONYM weakness
streng • then / ' stregkQan
(streng thens, streng • then ing , streng • thened )
to become or to make someone or something stronger
StreSS 1 Ф J И / stres
[ count, noncount ] a feeling of being very worried because of problems in your life
[ noncount ] special attention that you give to something because you think it is important
[ count, noncount ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) saying one word or part of a word more strongly than another
stress 2 AWL / stres /
1 to say something strongly to show that it is important
must stress how important this meeting is.
—SYNONYM emphasize
to say one word or part of a word more strongly than another
to feel worried and unable to relax; to cause someone to feel this way
stress • ful aw / ' stresfl / e
causing you to worry a lot
Stretch 1
to pull something to make it longer or wider; to become longer or wider
to push your arms and legs out as far as you can
to cover a large area of land or a long period of time
stretch 2 / stretf/
a piece of land or water
the act of pushing out your arms, legs, etc. as far as you can
stretch • er / ' stretfar /
a kind of bed for carrying someone who is sick or hurt
Strict Ф / stnkt /
If you are strict , you make people do what you want and do not allow them to behave badly
strict • ly / ' strikli /
definitely; in a strict way Smoking is strictly forbidden.
exactly
stride / straid /
( strides , strid - ing , strode / stroud / )
to walk with long steps
►stride
strike 1 / straik /
( strikes , strik ing , struck / strAk / has struck )
( formal ) to hit someone or something A stone struck me on the back of the head.
to attack someone or something suddenly The earthquake struck just after midnight. The building was struck by lightning .
to come suddenly into your mind
( business ) to stop working because you want more money or are angry about something
If a clock strikes , it rings a bell a certain number of times so that people know what time it is
to make fire with a match
strike 2 / straik /
a time when people are not working because they want more money or are angry about something
a sudden military attack
strik • ing / ' straikig /
If something is striking , you notice it because it is very unusual, interesting, or attractive
String Ф / Stnij /
tied up the package with string.
[ count ] ( music ) a piece of thin wire on a musical instrument
:he strings [plural] ( music )
the group of musical instruments that have strings Word building An orchestra is made up of four sections. The strings section includes violins and cellos. The woodwind section includes clarinets and flutes. The brass section includes trumpets and trombones. The percussion section includes drums and cymbals.
[ count ] a line of things on a piece of thread
strip 1 / strip /
to take off your clothes; to take off another person's clothes
to take off something that is covering something
strip 2 / strip /
stripe / straip/
a long, thin line of color
striped / straipt /
strive / straiv /
/ strouv / or strived , striv - en / ' strivn / or strived ) (
to try very hard to do or get something
strode
( art ) one of the movements you make when you are writing or painting
( sports ) a movement that you make with your arms, for example when you are swimming or playing sports such as tennis
( health ) a sudden illness affecting the brain that can cause a person to be unable to move part of their body
a gentle movement of your hand over a surface
[ singular ] a sudden successful action or event
stroke 2 / strouk /
to move your hand gently over someone or something to show love
stroll / stroul /
to walk somewhere in a slow, relaxed way
stroll • er / ' stroulsr /
a chair on wheels in which a young child is pushed along
Strong © / stroi] /
1 A strong person has a powerful body, and can carry heavy things
need someone strong to help me move this piano.
A strong object does not break easily Don't stand on that chair — it's not very strong.
A strong opinion or belief is not easy to change
powerful strong winds
having a big effect on the mind or the body
strong • ly / ' strogli / adverb I strongly believe that he is wrong.
strove
struck
struc • ture Ф AWL / ' strAktJsr /
[ noncount ] the way that something is made We are studying the structure of a bird's wing.
[ count ] a building or another thing that people have made with many parts
strug .gle О / 'str^gi/ verb
( strug gles , strug gling , strug gled )
to try very hard to do something that is not easy
to move your arms and legs a lot when you are fighting or trying to get free
strug • gle
stub • born / ' sUbsrn /
A stubborn person does not change their ideas easily or do what other people want them to do
—SYNONYM obstinate
stub • born • ly / ' sUbsrnli / adverb He stubbornly refused to apologize.
stuck 1
1 not able to move
was stuck in Italy with no money.
not able to do something because it is difficult
stu .dent Ф / ' studnt /
a person who is studying at a school, college, or university
stu • di • o / ' studiou /
a room where an artist works
a room where people make movies, radio and television programs, or records
( also stu - di - o a - part - ment / ^tudiou s ' partmsnt / ) an apartment with only one main room
Stud -У 1Ф/ 'sudi/
to spend time learning about something
to look at something carefully
stud . У 2 © / 'sUdi /
[ noncount ] the activity of learning about something
studies [ plural ] the subjects that you study He's taking a class in business studies .
[ count ] a room in a house where you go to study, read, or write
[ count ] a piece of research that is done to learn more about a question or subject
Stuff 1С1/ suf /
any material, substance, or group of things
a word you use to talk about things that people do, say, think, etc.
Thesaurus
stuff
stuff 2 / stAf /
to fill something with something The pillow was stuffed with feathers.
(
a mixture of small pieces of food such as bread and onions, which you put inside a chicken, vegetable, etc. before cooking it
( stuff - i - er , stuff - i - est )
stum • ble / ' stAmbl /
to hit your foot against something when you are walking or running, and almost fall
stump / stAmp /
the small part that is left when something is cut off or broken
stun / st.ui /
to hit a person or an animal on the head so hard that they cannot see, think, or make a sound for a short time
to make someone very surprised
stun • ning / ' stAnig /
stunt / stAnt /
something dangerous or difficult that a person does,
especially as part of a movie
StU . pid О / 'stupod /
stu • pid • ly / ' stupadli / adverb I stupidly forgot to close the door.
stur • dy / ' stardi /
strong and healthy; not easy to break
stut • ter / ' stAtar /
to say the same sound many times when you are trying to say a word
stut • ter
style Ф AWL / stail /
1 [ count, noncount ] a way of doing, making, or saying something
don't like his style of writing.
[ count, noncount ] the shape or kind of something This store has all the latest styles.
[ noncount ] an ability to do things in a way that other people admire
styl • ish aw П / ' stailif /
fashionable and attractive
styl • ist / ' stailist/
a person whose job is to cut and shape people's hair
sty • lus / ' stailas/
sty • ro • foam™ / stairafoum /
[ noncount ]
a very light, soft plastic that is usually white. It is used for packing things so they do not get broken.
sub .ject
the person or thing that you are talking or writing about
something you study at school, college, or university I'm studying three subjects: Math, Physics, and Chemistry.
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the word in a sentence that does the action of the verb
sub • jec • tive / sab' d3ektiv /
based on your own feelings and opinions, not on the facts
( sub lets, sub - let - ting, sub - let , has sub - let )
to rent to someone a room, an apartment, etc. that you are renting from someone else
submarine
sub • ma • rine
a ship that can travel underwater
sub • mit AWL / sab ' mit /
to give a plan, a document, etc. to an official organization so that it can be looked at or considered
sub • scrip • tion / sab' skripjn /
money that you pay, for example to get the same magazine each month or to join a club
sub • se • quent Iaw / ' sAbsakwant /
coming after something
sub .stance Ф / ' sAbstans /
sub • stan • tial / sab ' strenjl /
sub • sti • tute aw / ' sAbstatut / Щ
a person or thing that you put in the place of another
( sub • sti • tutes , sub • sti • tut ing , sub • sti • tut • ed )
sub • ti • tles / ' sAbtaitlz /
words at the bottom of a movie or TV program that tell you what people are saying
not large, bright, or easy to notice
( MATH ) the amount you have after adding some numbers, which is then added to other amounts to give a final total
sub • tract / sab ' trrekt /
( MATH ) to take a number away from another number
—SYNONYM take away —ANTONYM add
sub • trac • tion / sab ' trrek/n /
sub • urb / ' sAbarb /
( GEOGRAPHY ) an area where people live that is outside the
central part of a city
►sub • ur • ban / sa ' barban /
sub • way / ' sAbwei /
sue .ceed О / sak' sid /
( suc • ceeds , suc • ceed • ing , suc • ceed • ed )
to do or get what you wanted to do or get
—ANTONYM fail
SUC .cess
1 [ noncount ] doing or getting what you wanted; doing well
wish you success with your studies.
[ count ] someone or something that does well or that people like a lot
—ANTONYM failure
SUC .CeSS -ful Ф / ssk'sejfl/
Remember! You spell successful with CC and SS .
If you are successful , you have or have done what you wanted, or you have become popular, rich, etc.
—ANTONYM unsuccessful
► suc • cess • ful • ly / sak ' sejbli /
a word that makes another word stronger
Grammar
So or such?
like this or that
words that you use to give an example
—SYNONYM like
suck © / sAk /
to pull something into your mouth, using your lips
to hold something in your mouth and touch it a lot with your tongue
sud .den
all of a sudden
suddenly
sue / su /
to go to a court of law and ask for money from a person who
has done something bad to you
suede / sweid /
a type of soft leather with a rough surface
suf .fer Ф/ 'sAfor/ verb
( suf - fers, suf-fer- ing, suf - fered )
suf • fer • ing / ' sAfarig / noun [ noncount ] They have experienced so much suffering.
suf • fi • cient AWL / sa 'fifnt /
—SYNONYM enough
—ANTONYM insufficient
►suf • fi • cient • ly AWL / sa 'fifantli /
suf • fix / sAfiks /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) letters that you add to the end of
a word to make another word
suf • fo • cate / ' sAfakeit /
to die or to make someone die because there is no air to breathe
suf • fo • ca • tion / |sAfa 'keifn/
sug .ar Ф/ 'jocior/ noun
[ noncount ]
sug .gest © / sag' d3est ; sa ' d3est /
to say what you think someone should do or what should happen
sug .ges .tion w / sag' d3estfan ; sa ' d3estfan /
a plan or an idea that someone thinks of for someone else to discuss and consider
su • i • cide / ' suasaid /
SUit 1 Ф / sut/
The word suit sounds like boot .
1 a jacket and pants, or a jacket and skirt, that you wear together and that are made from the same material
one of the 4 sets that playing cards (= cards with numbers and pictures on them that you use for playing games ) are divided into
another word for lawsuit a divorce suit
suit 2 / sut /
If something suits you, it looks good on you
to be right for you; to be what you want or need
suit .a .ble Ф / 'sutobl /
—ANTONYM unsuitable
suit • a • bly / ' sutabli / adverb Tony wasn't suitably dressed for a party.
suit • case / ' sutkeis /
a large bag with flat sides that you carry your clothes in when you travel
a set of connected rooms in a hotel
sul • fur / ' salfar /
sulk / salk /
sulk • y / ' salki /
looking upset and not wanting to speak to people
sum 1 Ф
an amount of money $100,000 is a large sum of money .
( MATH ) the answer that you have when you add numbers together
sum 2 AWL / sam /
sum up ; sum something up to describe in a few words the main ideas of what someone has said or written
sum • ma • rize AWL / ' samaraiz /
to describe the main ideas or points of something
sum • ma • ry AWL / ' samari /
a short description of something that gives only the most
important information
sum . mer ©/ 's\mor / noun
[ count, noncount ]
sum • mit / ' sAmst /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the top of a mountain
sum • mon / ' sAmsn /
( sum - mon , sum - mon ing , sum - moned )
to order a person to come to a place
sun © / элп/
the sun [ singular ] the big round object in the sky that gives us light in the day, and heat
[ noncount , singular ] light and heat from the sun
Sun.
sun•bathe / ' sAnbeid /
( sun - bathes , sun bath - ing , sun - bathed )
to lie in the sun so that your skin becomes darker
sun • bath • ing / ' sAnbeidig / noun [ noncount ] Sunbathing is bad for your skin.
sun • block / ' sAnblak /
a cream that you put on your skin to protect it completely from the sun
sun • burn / ' sAnbsrn /
( HEALTH ) red, painful skin that you get when you have been in the sun for too long
— Look
sun • burned / ' sAnbsrnd /
( also sunburnt / ' sAnbsrnt / )
sun • dae / ' sAndei /
a very cold, sweet food ( ice cream ) with pieces of fruit, nuts, sweet sauce, etc. on the top
Sun .day © / 'SAndei; 'sAndi/
[ count, noncount ] (
the day of the week after Saturday and before Monday,
thought of as either the first or the last day of the week
sun • flow • er / sAnflausr /
a very tall plant with large yellow flowers, which farmers grow for their seeds and oil, which are used in cooking
sung
sun • glass • es / ' sAnglresss /
dark glasses that you wear in strong light
sunk
sun • light / ' sAnlait/
the light from the sun
sun • ny / ' sAni /
bright and warm with light from the sun
sun • rise / ' sAnraiz/
—SYNONYM dawn
sun • screen / ' sAnskrin /
a cream that you put on
your skin to protect it SUnSet
from the sun
sun .set / sMisn/ j
[ count, noncount ]
the time in the evening I when the sun goes down |
sun • shine / ' sAnJain / [noncount]
sun • tan / ' sAntren / ( also tan )
When you have a suntan , your skin is brown because you have been in the hot sun
sun • tanned / sAntrend / ( also tanned / trend / )
su • per / ' supsr /
very good
su • perb / su' psrb /
very good or beautiful
su • per • fi • cial / isupsr' fijl /
not knowing or thinking about something in a deep or complete way
su •per •in • ten • dent / |supsrin' tendsnt /
a person who is in charge of all the schools in a particular area
a person who is in charge of a building, and makes small repairs to it
su • pe • ri • or / ss ' pirisr /
better or more important than another person or thing
—ANTONYM inferior su • per • la • tive / sa 'parlativ /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the form of an adjective or
adverb that shows the most of something
— Look
su • per • la • tive
su • per • mar • ket / ' supa^markat /
[ count ] a big store where you can buy food and other things for your home
In a supermarket, you put the things you want to buy in a shopping cart or a basket . You pay for your shopping at the checkout .
su • per • nat • u • ral / isupar' nffitfaral /
su • per • son • ic / isupar' sanik /
( PHYSICS ) faster than the speed of sound
su • per • star / ' suparstar /
a person, such as a singer or movie star, who is very famous and successful
su • per • sti • tion / isupar' stijn /
[ count, noncount ]
a belief in good and bad luck and other things that cannot be explained
su • per • sti • tious / isupar' stifas /
su • per • vise / ' suparvaiz /
to watch someone or something in order to see that people are working or behaving correctly
su • per • vi • sion / isupar'v^n / noun [ noncount ] Children must not use the pool without supervision.
su • per • vi • sor / ' suparvaizar /
sup • per / ' sApar /
Breakfast , lunch , and dinner are the usual meals of the day.
We do not usually use "a" with the names of meals:
sup • ply 1 / sa 'plai /
to give or sell something that someone needs
sup • pli • er / sa 'plaiar /
SUP . ply 2
sup . port 1 О / so'port /
to hold someone or something up, so that they do not fall
to say that someone or something is right or the best Everyone else said I was wrong, but Paul supported me. a political candidate who supports tougher drug laws
to help someone to live by giving things like money, a home, or food
[ noncount ] help
[ count ] something that holds up another thing
sup • port • er / sa 'portar /
sup • por • tive / sa ' portiv /
giving help or support to someone in a difficult situation
sup .pose Ф / so'pouz/
( sup pos-es,sup - pos- ing ,sup - posed )
to think that something is probably true or will probably happen
a word that you use when you agree with something but are not happy about it
be supposed to
If you are supposed to do something, you should do it
If something is supposed to be true, people say it is true
sup • pos • ing / sa ' pouzig /
if something happens or is true
su • preme / sa ' prim /
highest or most important
Su • preme Court / sa^rim ' kort /
[ singular ]
the most important court of law in a country or state Word building The U.S. Government The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
su • preme • ly / sa 'primli /
/ Jur /
sure ©
1 knowing that something is true or right
—SYNONYM certain
If you are sure to do something, you will certainly do it
(
for sure
without any doubt
yes
as I thought
a word that you use when you think that something must be
true, or when you are surprised
surf 1 / sarf /
( SPORTS ) to stand or lie on a long piece of wood or plastic (called a surfboard ) and ride on a wave surf the Net ; surf the Internet
to use the Internet
surf 2 / sarf /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the white part on the top of waves in the ocean
sur .face О / wtos/
the outside part of something
the top of water
surf • board / ' sarfbord /
( SPORTS ) a long piece of wood or plastic that you sit or lie on to ride on a wave
surf • ing
/ ' sarfig /
surge / sard3 /
[ count ]
a sudden strong movement in a particular direction by a lot of people or things
surge
sur • geon / ' sardsan /
( HEALTH ) a doctor who cuts your body to take out or repair a part inside
sur • ger • y / ' safari /
( HEALTH ) cutting a person's body to take out or repair a part inside
sur • plus / ' sarplas /
sur . prise 1 Ф / ss'praiz /
[ noncount ] the feeling that you have when something happens suddenly that you did not expect
[ count ] something that happens when you do not expect it
to happen when someone does not expect it
sur . prise 2 Ф / ss'praiz /
to do something that someone does not expect
sur .prised ® / sa ' praizd /
sur • pris • ing / sa ' praizig /
sur • pris • ing • ly / sar' praizigli / adverb The exam was surprisingly easy.
sur • ren • der / sa ' rendar /
(sur • ren ders, sur ren der ing , sur • ren • dered )
to stop fighting because you cannot win
sur • ren • der
sur .round О / sa ' raund /
( sur • rounds , sur • round • ing , sur • round • ed )
sur • round • ings / sa'raundigz
sur • vey AWL / ' ssrvei /
asking questions to find out what people think or do
sur • viv • al AWL| / ssr ' vaivl /
the state of continuing to live or exist, especially when this is difficult;
sur • Vive © AWL / ssr ' vaiv/
to continue to live in or after a difficult or dangerous time
► sur • vi • vor AWL / ssr' vaivsr /
sus • pect 1 / ss ' spekt /
to think that something is true, but not be sure
to think that someone has done something wrong but not be sure
The noun is suspicion , and the adjective is suspicious .
sus • pect 2 / ' sAspekt /
a person who is thought to be guilty of a crime
sus • pend aw / ss ' spend /
(sus-pends,sus pend ing,sus-pend - ed )
to hang something from something else Colored flags were suspended from the ceiling.
to stop something from happening for a time
to send someone away from their school, job, etc. for a period of time, usually as a punishment
sus • pense / ss 'spens /
the feeling that you have when you are waiting for news or for something exciting or important to happen
sus • pen • sion AWL / ss 'spenfn /
[ count, noncount ] not being allowed to go to school or work for a period of time, usually as a punishment
[ noncount , singular ] delaying something for a period of time; The judge announced a suspension of the trial.
sus • pi • cion / ss 'spifn /
[ count, noncount ] a feeling that someone has done something wrong
[ count ] an idea that is not totally certain
sus • pi • cious / ss ' spil'ss /
If you are suspicious , you do not believe someone or something, or you feel that something is wrong
A person or thing that is suspicious makes you feel that something is wrong
► sus • pi • cious
sus • tain
using natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
that can continue for a long time
SUV / |es yu 'vi /
a type of large, strong car that can go well over rough ground but that many people drive in cities
swal • low / 'swalou /
to make food or drink move down your throat from your mouth
swal • low 2 / swalou /
a small bird with a long tail
swam
swamp / swamp /
( GEOGRAPHY) an area of soft, wet ground
swan / swan /
[count]
a big, white bird with a very long neck. Swans live on rivers and lakes.
swa p / swap /
to change one thing for another thing; to give one thing and get another thing for it
► swap
swarm 1 / sworm /
a big group of insects that fly
swarm 2 / sworm /
to fly or move quickly in a big group
sway / swei /
a • ble
AWL
/ ss steinsbl /
SUV
swear Ф / swer /
to say bad words
to make a serious promise
swear word / ' swer ward /
a bad word
sweat Ф / swet / verb
( sweats , sweat - ing , sweat - ed )
to produce liquid through your skin because you are hot, sick, or afraid
sweat • er / ' swetar /
a warm piece of clothing with long sleeves, often made of wool, which you wear on the top part of your body
sweat • pants / ' swetpants /
loose, warm pants made of thick cotton, which you wear on the bottom part of your body for playing sports or relaxing
sweat • shirt / ' swetfart /
a warm piece of clothing with long sleeves made of thick cotton, which you wear on the top part of your body
sweat • suit / ' swetsut /
a sweatshirt and sweatpants worn together, for playing sports or relaxing in
sweat • y / ' sweti /
covered with sweat
sweep / swip /
( sweeps , sweep - ing , swept / swept / has swept )
1 to clean something by moving dirt, dust, or garbage away with a brush
swept the floor.
to push something along or away quickly and strongly
sweep up ; sweep something up to remove dirt, dust, or garbage using a brush
SWeet Фу swit /
containing or tasting of sugar
having or showing a kind character
with a good smell the sweet smell of roses
sweet • en / switn /
sweet • heart / ' swithart /
a word that you use when speaking to a person that you love;
sweet • ly / ' switli /
sweet po • ta • to / ' swit pa|teitou /
[ count, noncount ] (
a vegetable that looks like a red potato, but that is orange inside and tastes sweet
( swells , swell - ing , swelled , has swol - len
/ ' swoulan / or has swelled )
swell up to become bigger or thicker than normal
swell • ing / ' swelig /
[count]
( HEALTH ) a place on the body that is bigger or fatter than it usually is
swept
swerve / swarv /
( swerves , swerv - ing , swerved )
to change direction suddenly so that you do not hit someone or something
swift / swift /
quick or fast
swift • ly / ' swiftli / adverb She ran swiftly up the stairs.
swim Ф / swim /
swim noun [ singular ] Let's go for a swim.
swim • mer / ' swimar /
swim • ming / swimig /
[noncount]
swim • ming pool / swimig pul / ( also pool )
a place that is built for people to swim in
swim • suit / ' swimsut /
a piece of clothing that you wear to go swimming —SYNONYM bathing suit ,
swim trunks / ' swim trAgks / ( also swim - ming trunks / ' swimig trAgks / )
short pants that a man or boy wears for swimming
swi ng 1 / swig /
( swings , swing - ing , swung / swAg / has swung )
to move backward and forward or from side to side through the air; to make someone or something do this
to move in a curve The door swung open.
swing 2 / swig /
swol • len 1
swol • len 2
/ swoulan /
a seat that hangs down and that children can sit on to move backward and forward through the air
swipe / swaip /
(
to hit or try to hit something by swinging your arm
to pass a plastic card that has information on it through a machine that can read it
switch i Ф / switjv
a small thing that you press to turn electricity on or off
SWitCh 2 Ф / switjV
to change to something different
switch something off to make a light or a machine
stop working by pressing a switch
—SYNONYM turn something off
switch something on to make a light or a machine work by pressing a switch
—SYNONYM turn something on
switch • board / ' switfbord /
the place in a large company where someone answers telephone calls and sends them to the right people
swoop / swup /
to fly down quickly
sword / sord /
The word sword sounds like cord , because we don't say the w in this word.
a weapon that looks like a very long, sharp knife
swore, sworn
swum
swung
syl • la • ble / ' siiabi /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a part of a word that has one vowel sound when you say it. "Swim" has one syllable and "system" has two syllables .
syl • la • bus / ' silabas /
sym . boi Ф / 'simbl /
sym • bol • ize AWB / ' simbalaiz /
to be a symbol of something
sym • met • rical / si metriki /
( also sym - met - ric / si ' metrik / )
having two halves that are exactly the same
sym • me • try / ' simatri /
the state of having two halves that are exactly the same
sym • pa • thet • ic / ,simpa ' eetik /
showing that you understand other people's feelings when they have problems
► sym • pa • thet • i • cal • ly / lsimpa ' Getikli /
sym • pa • thize / ' simpa6aiz /
( sym. pa. thiz. es, sym. pa . thiz . ing, sym. pa . thized )
to show that you understand someone's feelings when they have problems
sym • pa • thy / ' simpaei /
understanding of another person's feelings and problems
sym • pho • ny / ' simfani /
( MUSIC ) a long piece of music for a lot of musicians playing together
symp • tom / ' simptam/
( HEALTH ) something that shows that you have an illness
syn • a • gogue / ' sinagag /
( RELIGION ) a building where Jewish people go to say prayers and learn about their religion
syn • o • nym / ' sinanim/
syn • tax / ' sintreks /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the system of rules for the structure of a sentence
syn • the • siz • er / ' sineasaizar /
( MUSIC ) an electronic musical instrument that can produce a lot of different sounds
syn • thet • ic / sin ' eetik /
made by people, not natural
sy • ringe / sa ' rmd3 /
( HEALTH ) a plastic or glass tube with a needle that is used for taking blood out of the body or putting drugs into the body
syr • up / ' sirap/
a thick, sweet liquid made by boiling sugar with water or fruit juice
sys .tem Ф / 'sistsm/
a group of things or parts that work together
a group of ideas or ways of doing something
sys • tem • at • ic / isista ' mretik /
done in a careful and organized way
Tt
PauLb
T, t / ti /
ta . Ые Ф / 'teibl /
a piece of furniture with a flat top on legs
a list of facts or numbers
ta • ble • cloth / ' teibikioe /
a cloth that you put over a table when you have a meal
ta • ble • spoon / ' teiblspun /
a large spoon that you use for serving or measuring food
( also ta . ble . spoon ful / ' teibl|spunful / ) the amount that a tablespoon holds
tab • let / ' treblat /
( HEALTH ) a small, hard piece of medicine that you swallow
—SYNONYM pill
ta • ble ten • nis / ' teibl |tenas /
tab • loid / ' trebloid /
a newspaper with small pages, a lot of pictures, and short, simple articles
tack • le 1 / ' trekl /
( tack . les , tack . ling , tack led )
to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation
( SPORTS ) to stop another player by pulling him down in a game of football
tack • le 2 / ' trekl /
( SPORTS ) the act of stopping another player by pulling him down in a game of football
tack • y / ' treki /
tact / trekt /
knowing how and when to say things so that you do not hurt people
tact • ful / ' taktfl /
careful not to say or do things that may make people unhappy or angry
tac • tic / ' taktik /
a method that you use to achieve something
tact • less / ' taktlas /
saying or doing things that may make people unhappy or angry
a small animal with a large black head and a long tail that lives in water. It is the young form of a frog .
tag / tag /
1 [ count ] a small piece of paper or material attached to something, which tells you about it
looked at the price tag to see how much the dress cost.
[ noncount ] a children's game in which one child chases the others and tries to touch one of them
tail Ф / ted /
[ count ] the long, thin part at the end of an animal's body
[ count ] the part at the back of something
tails [ plural ] the side of a coin that does not have the head of a person on it
—ANTONYM heads
tai • lor / ' teilar/
a person whose job is to make clothes for men
tail • pipe / ' teilpaip/
take © / teik /
( takes , tak - ing , took / tuk / has tak - en / ' teikan / )
to move something or go with someone to another place
to put your hand around something and hold it
to remove something from a place or a person, often without asking them
to agree to have something; to accept something If you take my advice, you'll forget all about him. Do you take credit cards?
to need an amount of time
to travel in a bus, train, etc.
to swallow or put a medicine or drug into your body
a word that you use with many nouns to talk about doing something
take after someone to be or look like an older member
of your family
take something away to remove someone or something
take something back to return something to the place
you got it from
take off When an airplane takes off , it leaves the ground and starts to fly.
—ANTONYM land
take something off
to remove clothes from your body
—ANTONYM put something on
to have time as a vacation, not working
take over ; take something over to get control of
something or responsibility for something
take up something to use or fill time or space
take • off / teikof ; teikaf /
the time when an airplane leaves the ground and starts to fly —ANTONYM landing
take • out / ' teikaut / ( also take-out )
[noncount]
food that you buy already cooked from a restaurant to eat somewhere else
tale / teil/
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a story, usually about things that are not true
tal • ent / ' talant /
a natural ability to do something very well
tal • ent • ed / ' talantad /
having a natural ability to do something well
talk 1Ф /tok/
to speak to someone; to say words
talk something over to discuss something with someone, especially to try to decide or agree on something
talk to say words to another person or other people. You talk to someone in order to give information, show feelings, or share ideas:
speak to talk to someone about something; to have a conversation with someone. You speak to someone in order to try to achieve something or to tell them to do something. Speak is a little more formal than talk :
discuss to talk and share ideas with other people about a subject or problem, especially in order to decide something. The word discuss is more formal than speak :
communicate to share and exchange information or ideas with someone. Communicate is a little formal, and is often used when the method of communication is important:
talk 2Ф / tok/ noun
[ count ]
1 when two or more people talk about something
Thesaurus
talk [ count ] a conversation between two or more people, often about a problem or something that is important to you:
chat [ count ] a friendly, informal conversation with someone, especially about personal things:
talk • a • tive / ' tokstiv /
A person who is talkative likes to talk a lot.
talk show / ' tokJou /
a television program on which famous people are asked questions and talk about their lives
tall Ф / tol /
higher than other people or things
You use tall to say or ask how far it is from the bottom to the top of someone or something
tam . bou . rine
/ |t®mbs ' rin /
( MUSIC ) a round musical instrument with metal disks around the edge. To play it, you hit it or shake it with your hand.
tame 1 / teim /
tame 2 / teim /
to make a wild animal easy to control; to make something tame
tam • pon / ' trempan /
tan 1 / tren / ( also sun - tan )
[ count ] a darker color that your skin has when you have spent time in the sun
[ noncount ] a color between yellow and brown ► tan
tan 2 / tren /
If your skin tans , it becomes darker because you have spent time in the sun
tan • ger • ine / |trend3s 'rin /
a fruit like a small sweet orange, with a skin that is easy to take off
tan • gle / ' treggl /
many things that have become twisted together so that you cannot easily separate the different parts
►tan • gle
tank / tregk /
a large container for holding liquid or gas
a strong, heavy vehicle with big guns. Tanks are used by armies in wars.
tank • er / ' tregkar /
a ship or truck that carries oil or gas in large amounts
tan • trum / ' trentram /
If a child has a tantrum , they cry and shout because they are angry.
tap 1 / trep /
to hit or touch someone or something quickly and lightly
tap 2 / trep /
a light hit with your hand or fingers
a thing that you turn to make something like water or gas come out of a pipe
—SYNONYM faucet
tap dance / ' trep drens /
a type of dance in which you wear special shoes with pieces of metal on them that make sounds as you dance tap-dance
ta pe 1 © / teip /
[ noncount ] a long, thin piece of material or paper, used for sticking things together
[ count, noncount ] a long, thin piece of plastic material that is used for recording sound, music, or moving pictures, so you can listen to or watch it later
tape 2 AWL / teip /
to fasten something to something else using tape 1 ( 1 )
to put sound, music, or moving pictures on tape 1 ( 2 ) so that you can listen to or watch it later
-►SYNONYM record
tape meas • ure
/ ' teip ime3ar /
a long, thin piece of plastic, cloth, or metal for measuring things
tape re • cord • er / ' teip riikordar /
[ count ]
a machine that you use for recording and playing sound or music on tape
tap • es • try / ' trepastri /
[ count, noncount ] (
tape measure
( ART ) a piece of cloth with pictures on it made from thread in different colors
tar / tar /
a black substance that is thick and sticky when it is hot, and hard when it is cold. Tar is used for making roads.
ta • ran • tu • la / ta 'rrentfala /
a large spider covered with hair. Tarantulas live in hot countries and sometimes have a poisonous bite.
tar • get AWL / ' targat /
a person, place, or thing that you try to hit when you are shooting or attacking
a result that you are trying to achieve Our target is to finish the job by Friday.
a round object with circles on it, which you try to hit in shooting practice
with a sharp taste like a lemon
—SYNONYM sour
tart 2 / tart /
an open pie (= a type of baked food ) filled with sweet food such as fruit
task Ф / taesk/
a piece of work that you must do; a job
taste 1 © / teist /
1 [ singular ] the feeling that a certain food or drink gives in your mouth
don't like the taste of this cheese.
[ noncount ] the power to know about food and drink with your mouth
[ count , usually singular ] a small amount of food or drink
[ noncount ] being able to choose nice things
to have a particular flavor This tastes like oranges. Honey tastes sweet.
to feel or know a particular food or drink in your mouth
to eat or drink a small amount of something, to test its flavor
taste • ful / teistfl /
attractive and of good quality, and showing that you can choose nice things
taste • less / teistlas /
likely to make someone feel angry or upset
having little or no flavor
—ANTONYM tasty
3 of bad quality and not attractive, showing that you cannot choose nice things
—ANTONYM tasteful
tast • y / ' teisti /
good to eat
tat • too / tre ' tu /
taught
stretched very tight; not loose
tax 1 Ф / taeks /
tax 2 / treks /
to make someone pay tax
tax • a • tion / trek ' seijn /
the government system that takes money from people to pay for public services, or the money that people have to pay as taxes
a car that you can travel in if you pay the driver
tea Ф / ti / noun
[ count, noncount ] a brown drink that you make with hot water and the dry leaves of a special plant; a cup of this drink
[ noncount ] the dry leaves of a special plant that you use to make tea to drink
tea bag / ' ti breg /
a small paper bag with tea leaves inside. You use it to make tea.
teach © / titr/ verb
( teach . es , teach . ing , taught / tot / has taught )
to give lessons to students, for example in a school or college
to show someone how to do something
[noncount]
teach .er ©/ titjbr/
a person whose job is to teach
tea • ket • tle / ' ti|keti /
team © / tim/
( SPORTS ) a group of people who play a sport or a game together against another group
a group of people who work together
team • mate / ' timmeit /
[count ]
a member of your team or group
tea • pot / ' tipat /
a container for making and pouring tea
tear i© / tu- / noun [count ]
PRONUNCIATION
With this meaning, tear sounds like near or cheer .
a drop of water that comes from your eye when you cry
tear 2© / ter /
( tears , tear ing , tore / tor / has torn / torn / ) PRONUNCIATION
The verb and noun tear 2 and tear 3 sound like hair or care .
1 to damage something by pulling it apart or making a hole in it
can't use this bag — it's torn.
to come apart; to break
to take something from someone or something in a quick and violent way
to move somewhere very fast
tear something down to destroy a building
tear 3 / ter /
[count ]
a hole in something like paper or material that is caused by tearing
tease / tiz /
to laugh at someone in a friendly way or in order to upset them
tea • spoon / ' tispun /
[ count ]
a small spoon that you use for putting sugar into tea or coffee
( also tea . spoon . ful / ' tispunful / ) the amount that a teaspoon holds
tech • ni • cal © AWL / ' teknikl /
connected with the machines and materials used in science and in making things
tech • ni • cian / tek ' nijn /
a person who works with machines or instruments
tech • nique awl / tek' nik /
[ count ]
tech • nol • o • gy Ф AWL / tek' nabd3i /
[ count, noncount ] (
knowing about science and about how things work, and using this to build and make things
ted .dy bear
/ tedi ber /
te • di • ous / ' tidias /
very long and not interesting
—SYNONYM boring
teen / tin /
[count]
a person who is between 13 and 19 years old ►teen
teen • ag • er / ' tine^r /
[count]
a person who is between 13 and 19 years old
► teen • age / ' tineid3 / ( also teen . aged / ' tineid3d / )
teens / tinz /
the time when you are between the ages of 13 and 19
tee • pee / ' tipi /
= tepee
teeth
tel • e • phone Ф / 'tebfoun /
[count]
a piece of equipment that you use for talking to someone
who is in another place
—SYNONYM phone
on the telephone
using a telephone to speak to someone
tel • e • phone / ' telafoun /
( tel e - phones , tel - e - phon - ing , tel - e - phoned )
to use a telephone to speak to someone
—SYNONYM phone , call
tel • e • phone di • rec • to • ry
/ ' telafoun dalrektari /
(
a book of people's names, addresses, and telephone numbers
-►SYNONYM phone book
tel • e • scope
/ ' telaskoup /
a long, round piece of equipment with special glass inside it. You look through it to make things that are far away appear bigger.
tel • e • vise / ' telavaiz /
to show something on television
tel .e .vi .sion Ф / 'tebvi3n/ noun
( also tel - e . vi - sion set / ' tebvrjn set / ) [count]
a piece of electrical equipment with a screen that shows
moving pictures with sound
[ noncount ] things that you watch on a television
[ noncount ] a way of sending pictures and sounds so that people can watch them on television
watch television/TV/a show/a program/a documentary/a repeat see a commercial/the news change/switch the channel turn on/turn off the television/the TV
showing
show a program/a documentary/a commercial/an episode
get low/high ratings appearing be on/appear on television/TV/a show/a talk show take part in a show/a game show do/make a show/a commercial/a documentary
tell Ф / tel/
1 to give information to someone by speaking or writing
told her my new address.
to say what someone must do Our teacher told us to read this book.
to know, guess, or understand something
tell someone off to speak to someone in an angry way because they have done something wrong
We use say with the actual words that are spoken, or before that in reported speech:
Notice that you say something to someone:
tel • ler / ' telsr /
a person who works in a bank and whose job is to receive and pay out money
tem • per / ' tempsr /
[ count, noncount ]
If you have a temper , you get angry very easily
lose your temper
to suddenly become angry
tem • per • a • ment / temprsmsnt /
[ count, noncount ]
a person's character, especially how it affects the way they behave and feel
tem .per .a .ture Ф/'temper/ noun
[ count ]
how hot or cold a thing or a place is
have a temperature
to feel hotter than normal because you are sick take someone's temperature
to see how hot someone is, using a special instrument (called a thermometer )
tem • ple / ' tempi /
a building where people go to say prayers to a god or gods tem • po / ' tempou /
tem • po • rar • i • ly |AWL / temps 'rersli /
for a short time only
tem • po •rar • y © |AWL / ' tempered /
Something that is temporary lasts for a short time
tempt / tempt /
to make someone want to do or have something, especially something that is wrong
►tempt • ing / ' temptig /
temp • ta • tion / temp ' teijn /
couldn't resist the temptation to open the letter.
[ count ] a thing that makes you want to do something wrong
10
ten • ant / ' tensnt /
a person who pays money (called rent ) to live in or use a place
tend О / tend /
ten • den • cy / tendsnsi /
something that a person or thing usually does
kind, gentle, and loving
Tender meat is soft and easy to cut or bite. —ANTONYM tough
If a part of your body is tender , it hurts when you touch it.
—SYNONYM sore
►ten • der • ly / ' tendsrli /
in a kind and gentle way
►ten • der • ness / ' tendsrnss /
[noncount]
ten • nis / ' tenss /
[noncount]
( SPORTS ) a game for two or four players, who hit a ball to each other over a net using a piece of equipment (called a racket )
ten • or / tenar /
[ count ]
( MUSIC ) a singing voice for a man; a man with this voice
1 (used about a person) worried or nervous, and not able to relax
always feel very tense before exams. —ANTONYM relaxed
(used about a part of the body) tight; not relaxed
(used about a situation, a time, etc.) in which people feel worried and not relaxed
tense 2 AWL / tens /
ten • sion AWL| / ' tenjn /
being worried or nervous, and not able to relax
tent / tent /
a kind of small house made of cloth. You sleep in a tent when you go camping
ten • ta • cle / ' tentiki /
one of the long, thin parts like legs on the body of some ocean animals
tennis
[count]
10th
one of ten equal parts of something; 1/10
te • pee ( also tee - pee , ti - pi ) / tipi /
a type of tent with a round bottom and a pointed top, used by Native Americans in the past
term / tarm /
[ count ] a word or group of words connected with a special subject
[ count ] one of the periods of time which the academic year is divided into at some colleges and universities
terms [ plural ] the things that people must agree to when they make an arrangement or an agreement
ter • mi • nal AWL / ' tarmanl /
a building where people begin and end their trips by bus, train, airplane, or ship
ter • mi • nate AWH / ' tarmaneit /
to end, or to make something end
ter • mi • nol • o • gy / itarma ' nalad3i /
the special words that are used in a particular job, subject, or activity
term pa • per / ' tarm ipeipar /
[ count ]
a long piece of writing that a student does for a particular class
ter • race / ' teras /
[ count ]
a flat place outside a house or restaurant
ter • rain / ta 'rein /
ter .ri .ble Ф / 'terebl/
very bad
ter • ri • bly / ' terabli /
very
very badly
ter • ri • fic / ta ' rifik /
ter • ri • fied / ' terafaid /
very afraid
Thesaurus
afraid feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen. This word cannot come before a noun, so you can say "the man is afraid" but NOT "an afraid man":
scared a more informal word than
used more in spoken than written English:
frightened a more formal word than
used more in written than spoken English:
ter • ri • fy / ' terafai /
to make someone feel very afraid
►ter • ri • fy • ing / ' terafaiig /
ter • ri • to • ry / ' tera|tori /
[ count, noncount ] (
( POLITICS ) the land that belongs to one country
ter • ror / ' terar /
very great fear
ter • ror • ism / ' terarizam /
[ noncount ]
when a group of people hurt or kill other people, for example by putting a bomb in a public place, in order to try to make a government do what they want
ter • ror • ist / ' terarist /
a person who hurts or kills people, for example by putting a bomb in a public place, in order to try to make the government do what they want
test 1 Ф / test /
an exam that you do in order to show what you know or what you can do
( HEALTH ) a short medical examination of a part of your body
test 2 Ф / test /
to ask someone questions to find out what they know or what they can do
to use or look at something carefully to find out how good it is or if it works well
test tube / ' test tub /
( GENERAL SCIENCE ) a long, thin glass tube that you use in chemical experiments
text 1 Ф AWL / tekst /
[ noncount ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the words in a book, newspaper, or magazine
[ count ] another word for text message
[ count ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a book or a short piece of writing that you study
text 2AW / tekst /
to send someone a written message on a cell phone
text • book / ' teksbuk /
a book that teaches you about something
text mes • sage / ' tekst |mesid3 / ( also text )
a message that you send in writing from one cell phone to another
tex • ture / ' tekst/эг /
the way that something feels when you touch it
You use "than" when you compare people or things
thank © / бжцк/
( thanks , thank - ing , thanked )
to tell someone that you are pleased because they gave you something or helped you
happy that something good has happened or that
something bad has not happened
►thank • ful • ly / ' 6®gkfali /
a word that shows you are pleased because someone gave
you something or helped you
thanks to someone or something
because of someone or something
Thanks • giv • ing / |6®gks 'givig / ( also
Thanks giv ing Day )
a public holiday in November in the U.S., and in October in Canada
Culture
Thanksgiving is an important holiday in the U.S. and Canada.
People celebrate Thanksgiving by getting together with their families and by thinking about the good things in their lives, especially their families, homes, and food.
Families eat Thanksgiving dinner together. This is a special meal of turkey with cranberry sauce , sweet potatoes , corn , and other vegetables. This is often followed by pumpkin pie .
words that show you are pleased because someone gave you
something or helped you
—SYNONYM thanks
no, thank you ; no, thanks
You use these words to say that you do not want something
(
the person or thing already mentioned A lion is an animal that lives in Africa. The people that I met were very nice. I'm reading the book that you gave me.
a word that you use to join two parts of a sentence
as much as that
thaw / eo /
to warm something that is frozen so that it becomes soft or liquid; to get warmer and so become soft or liquid
1 a word that you use before the name of someone or something when it is clear what person or thing you mean
bought a shirt and some pants. The shirt is blue. The sun is shining.
a word that you use before numbers and dates
a word that you use to talk about a group of people or things of the same kind
a word that you use before the names of rivers, oceans, etc. and some countries
words that you use to talk about two things happening
together because of each other
the .a .ter © / 'еыш-/ noun
[ count ] a building where you go to see plays
[ count ] a building where you go to see movies —SYNONYM movie theater
[ noncount , singular ] the work of acting in or creating plays
theft / eeft /
PRONUNCIATION
The word their sounds just like there and they're .
of or belonging to them
theirs © / derz /
them © / dam ; dem /
1 a word that shows more than one person, animal, or thing
e-mailed them and then I called them.
him or her
theme aw Д / eim/
something that you talk or write about
theme park / ' eim park /
a place with a lot of things to do, see, ride on, etc., which are all based on a single idea
a word that shows the same people, animals, or things that you have just talked about
a word that makes "they" stronger Did they build the house themselves? by themselves
alone; without other people
without help
1 at that time
became a teacher in 1999. I lived in Chicago then, but now I live in Atlanta.
next; after that
if that is true
the • ol • o • gy / ei' alad3i /
( RELIGION ) the study of religion
the • o • ry AWL / ' eiri ; ' eiari/
an idea that tries to explain something
ther • a • pist / ' eerapist /
a person who treats a particular type of illness or problem, or who uses a particular type of treatment
ther • a • py / ' eerapi /
a way of helping people who are sick in their body or mind, usually without drugs
a word that you use with verbs like "be," "seem," and "appear" to show that something is true or that something is happening
in, at, or to that place
a word that makes people look or listen
there you are
words that you say when you give something to someone
there .fore © / ' derfor /
for that reason
( PHYSICS ) connected with heat
ther • mom • e • ter / esr' mamstsr /
KL that thermometers
shows how hot or cold something is
Ther • mos™ / ' esrmss /
[ count ]
(
a container like a bottle that keeps a liquid hot or cold
ther • mo • stat / ' esrmsstret /
[count ]
a thing that controls the heat in a house or a machine by switching it on or off
the • sau • rus / ei ' sorss /
[ count ]
(
a word that you use to talk about people or things that are here or now. These is the plural form of "this"
the • sis AWL / ' eisss /
a long piece of writing on a particular subject, which you do
as part of a college or university degree
the people, animals, or things that the sentence is about Jo and David came at two o'clock and they left at six o'clock.
people
a word that you use instead of "he" or "she"
they'd / deid /
they're / der /
they've / deiv /
thick© / eik /
far from one side to the other
—ANTONYM thin
You use thick to say or ask how far something is from one side to the other
with a lot of people or things close together
If a liquid is thick , it does not flow easily
—ANTONYM thin
difficult to see through
►thick • ness / ' eiknss /
thick • en / ' eiksn /
( thick - ens , thick - en - ing , thick - ened )
thick • ly / ' eikli /
in a way that makes a wide piece or a thick layer of something
—ANTONYM thinly
thief / eif /
A thief is a general word for a person who steals things, usually secretly and without violence. The name of the crime is theft .
A robber steals from a bank, store, etc. and often uses violence or threats. A burglar takes things from your house when you are out or asleep:
thigh / eai /
thin О / 6in /
cut the bread into thin slices. —ANTONYM thick
not fat
not close together
If a liquid is thin , it flows easily like water
slim is a positive word, meaning thin in an attractive way. It is often used to describe women:
skinny is a more informal word meaning very thin. It can be used with a negative meaning to describe someone who is too thin:
—ANTONYM overweight
thing Ф /ещ/ noun
[ count ] an object What's that red thing?
[ count ] what happens or what you do A strange thing happened to me yesterday. That was a difficult thing to do.
[ count ] an idea or a subject We talked about a lot of things.
things [ plural ] objects, clothes, or tools that belong to you or that you use for something
Thesaurus
stuff
5 things [ plural ] the situation or conditions of your life
think О / Qigk /
( thinks , think - ing , thought / 6ot / has thought )
1 to have an opinion about something; to believe something
think they live in Boston, but I'm not sure. What do you think of this music?
to use your mind
to intend or plan to do something He's thinking about leaving his job. We're thinking of moving to Canada.
think of something to have something in your mind
thin • ly / ' 9mli /
in a way that makes a thin piece of something
—ANTONYM thickly
3rd
one of three equal parts of something; /
the Third World / 6a i6ard ' warld /
[ singular ]
a way of describing the poorer countries of the world
thirst / 9arst/
the feeling you have when you want to drink something
thirSt .уФ/ Oorsti /
2 the thirties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperatures between 30 and 39 in your thirties
between the ages of 30 and 39
30th
1 a word that you use to talk about a person or thing that is close to you in time or space
2 a word that you use with periods of time that are connected to the present time
so
this • tle / ' eisi /
a plant with sharp, pointed leaves and purple flowers
thong / eog /
a simple, open shoe with a narrow part that goes between your big toe and the toe next to it
a type of underwear that has a very narrow piece of cloth, like a string, at the back
thorn / eorn /
careful and complete
thor • ough • ly / ' earali ; ' earouli /
carefully and completely
completely; very or very much I thoroughly enjoyed the movie.
a word that you use to talk about people or things that are there or then. Those is the plural form of "that"
PRONUNCIATION
The word though sounds like go .
1 despite something
went to the party, even though I was tired.
—SYNONYM although
but
however
in a way that makes you think something
thought 1
thought 2 С / eot / noun
[ count ] an idea
[ noncount ] thinking
thought • ful / ' eotfl /
1 thinking carefully
2 thinking about other people
—SYNONYM kind , considerate thought • less / ' eotlas /
not thinking about other people
—SYNONYM inconsiderate
thou .sand О / ' eauznd /
1,000
thread iO
/ ered /
PRONUNCIATION
The word
thread sounds like red .
a long, thin piece of cotton, wool, etc.
thread 2 / ered /
to put thread through the hole in a needle
threat Ф / eret /
a promise that you will hurt someone if they do not do what you want
a person or thing that may damage or hurt someone or something
threat .en О / 'eretn/ verb
(threat.ens , threat.en . ing , threat ened )
to say that you will hurt someone if they do not do what you want
to seem ready to do something bad The dark clouds threatened rain . ►threat • en • ing / ' eretnig / adjective threatening behavior
three Ф / eri /
threw
thrift store / ' erift stor /
[ count ]
a store that sells clothes and other goods given by people, in order to make money for charity
thrill 1 / eril/
a sudden strong feeling of excitement
thrill 2 / Gril /
very happy and excited
thrill • er / ' Grilar /
an exciting book, movie, or play about a crime
throat О / Grout /
the front part of your neck
the part inside your neck that takes food and air down from your mouth into your body
throb / Grab /
to make strong, regular movements or noises; to beat strongly
throne / Groun /
a special chair where a king or queen sits
The word through sounds like you .
from one side or end of something to the other side or end
from the beginning to the end of something
until, and including
because of someone or something She got the job through her father.
connected by telephone
in every part of something
from the beginning to the end of something
throw © / Grou /
The word throw sounds like go .
to send something through the air by pushing it out of your hand
to do something quickly and without care
to move your body or part of it quickly
throw something away or out to get rid of garbage or something that you do not want
throw someone out to force someone to leave a place
throw
thrust / GrAst /
thud / GAd /
[count]
the sound that a heavy thing makes when it hits something
thug / GAg /
[count] a violent person
thumb © / GAm /
The word thumb sounds like come , because we don't say the letter b in this word.
the short thick finger at the side of your hand
thumb .tack
/ GAmtak / ( also tack )
a short pin with a flat round top, which you use for fastening paper to a wall or board
thump / GAmp /
to hit someone or something hard with your hand or a heavy thing
to make a loud sound by hitting or beating hard
thun • der 1 / ' GAndar /
[noncount]
a loud noise in the sky when there is a storm
When there is a storm, you hear thunder and see lightning in the sky.
Cyclones , hurricanes , tornadoes , and typhoons are large, violent storms.
thun • der 2 / ' GAndar/
( thun ders , thun - der - ing , thun - dered )
When it thunders , there is a loud noise in the sky during a storm
thumbtacks
#
A i- ,
щЕи
to make a very loud, deep noise The trucks thundered along the road.
thun • der • storm / ' eAndsr| storm / [count]
a storm with a lot of rain, thunder , and flashes of light (called lightning ) in the sky Word building
When there is a storm, you hear thunder and see lightning in the sky.
Cyclones , hurricanes , tornadoes , and typhoons are large, violent storms.
Thurs.day © / ' esrzdei ; ' esrzdi /
the day of the week after Wednesday and before Friday
thus / dAs /
because of this
in this way
tick 1 / tik /
(used about a clock) to make short, repeated sounds
tick 2 / tik /
one of the short, repeated sounds that a clock makes
a very small animal with eight legs, like an insect, which bites animals or people and sucks their blood
tick .et
a piece of paper or card that you buy to travel, to go into a theater, to watch a sports event, etc.
an official piece of paper that you get when you park in the wrong place, drive too fast, etc. The ticket tells you how much money you have to pay as a punishment
tick • et of • fice / ' tikst f /
a place where you buy tickets
tick • le / ' tiki /
( tick les , tick - ling , tick - led )
to touch someone lightly with your fingers to make them laugh
to have the feeling that something is touching you lightly
tick • lish / ' tiklij /
If a person is ticklish , they laugh easily when someone tickles them.
tic-tac-toe / |tik trek ' tou /
a game for two players in which each person tries to win by writing three O's or three X's in a line
tide / taid /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the movement of the ocean toward the land and away from the land
ti • dy / ' taidi /
with everything in the right place
—SYNONYM neat —ANTONYM messy
tie 1 © / tai/
1 to attach or fasten something using rope, string, etc.
tied a scarf around my neck. The prisoner was tied to a chair.
( SPORTS ) to end a game or competition with the same number of points for both teams or players
tie someone up to put a piece of rope around someone
so that they cannot move
tie something up to put a piece of string or rope
around something to hold it in place
—ANTONYM untie tie 2© / tai/
[ count ] a long, thin piece of cloth that you wear around your neck with a shirt
[ count ] ( SPORTS ) when two teams or players have the same number of points at the end of a game or competition
ties [ plural ] a connection between people or organizations
ti .ger
/ taigsr /
a wild animal like a big cat, with yellow fur and black lines ( stripes ). Tigers
live in Asia.
tight ©/ tait /
1 fastened firmly, so that you cannot move it easily
can't open this jar — the lid is too tight. —ANTONYM loose
Tight clothes fit very close in a way that is often uncomfortable
► tight ( also tight - ly / ' taitli / )
tight • en / ' taitn /
to become tighter, or to make something tighter
—ANTONYM loosen
tight • rope / ' taitroup /
a rope or wire high above the ground. People (called acrobats ) walk along tightropes as a form of entertainment.
tights / taits /
a thin piece of clothing that a woman or girl wears over her feet and legs
tile / tail /
a flat, square object. We use tiles for covering roofs, walls, and floors.
►tile
tilt / tilt /
to have one side higher than the other; to move something so that it has one side higher than the other
tim • ber / ' timbar /
time 1 Ф / taim /
1 [ noncount , singular ] a period of seconds, minutes,
hours, days, weeks, months, or years
don't have time to help you now — I'm late for school. It takes a long time to learn a language.
[ count, noncount ] a certain point in the day or night, which you say in hours and minutes
[ count ] a certain moment or occasion
[ count ] an experience; something that you do
[ count ] a period in the past; a part of history In Shakespeare's time, not many people could read. all the time
very often, or always
together; on one occasion
at one time
in the past, but not now
at the time
then
at times
sometimes
now, but not for long
free time ; spare time
time when you do not have to work or study
from time to time
enjoy yourself
in time
not late
after a week, two months, a year
words that you use to say that something should be done now
on time
spend time
to do something slowly
tell time
to read the time from a clock or watch
time after time ; time and time again
many times
time 2 / taim /
to plan something so that it will happen when you want
to measure how much time it takes to do something
time lim • it / ' taim |limat /
ti me-out / |taim ' aut / ( also time . out )
[count]
( SPORTS ) a short period of rest during a sports game
tim • er / ' taimar /
a machine, or part of a machine, that measures time
( MATH ) multiplied by
times 2 / taimz/
time zone / ' taim zoun /
one of the 24 areas that the world is divided into, each with its own time
tim • id / ' timad /
shy and easily afraid —SYNONYM shy
tin / tin /
tin • gle / ' tiggl /
( tin gle , tin . gling , tin . gled )
If a part of your body tingles , it feels like a lot of small
sharp points are pushing into your skin
ti • ny / ' taini /
very small
tip 1 / tip /
the pointed or thin end of something
a small, extra amount of money that you give to someone who has done a job for you
a small piece of advice
tip 2 / tip /
to move so that one side goes up or down; to move something so that one side goes up or down
to turn something so that the things inside fall out She opened a can of beans and tipped them into a bowl.
to give someone an extra amount of money to thank them for something they have done for you as part of their job
tip over ; tip something over to turn over; to make
something turn over
ti • pi / ' tipi /
ti p • toe / ' tiptou /
to walk quietly on your toes
on tiptoe
standing or walking on your toes with the rest of your feet off the ground
tire Ф / taior /
a circle of rubber around the outside of a wheel, for example on a car or bicycle
needing to rest or sleep
be tired of something
to have had or done too much of something, so that you do
not want it any longer
making you feel tired
tis • sue / ' tiju /
[ count ] a thin piece of soft paper that you use to clean your nose
—SYNONYM Kleenex™
[ noncount ] ( BIOLOGY ) all the cells that form the bodies of humans, animals, and plants
tis • sue pa • per / ' tiju ^eipar /
[ noncount ]
thin paper that you use for wrapping things
ti • ta • ni • um / itai ' teiniam /
( CHEMISTRY ) a hard, silver-gray metal that is often used with other metals to make strong, light materials
ti .tie Ф / 'taitl/
the name of something, for example a book, movie, or picture
a word like "Mr.," "Mrs.," or "Doctor" that you put in front of a person's name
TM
a word that shows direction
a word that shows the end or limit of something
a word that shows the person or thing that receives something
on or against something He put his hands to his ears. They were sitting back to back.
a word that shows how something changes
a word that you use for comparing things
a word that shows why
a word that shows how many minutes it is before the hour
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a word that you use before verbs to make the infinitive (= the simple form of a verb )
toad / toud /
a small animal with rough skin that lives in or near water
toast / toust /
1 [ noncount ] a thin piece of bread that you have cooked so that it is brown
had a slice of toast and butter for breakfast.
[ count ] the act of holding up a glass of wine and wishing someone happiness or success before you drink
►toast
toast • er
/ ' toustar /
a machine for making toast ( 1 )
to • bac • co / ta'bakou /
special dried leaves that people smoke in cigarettes and pipes
to • bog • gan / ta 'bagan /
a type of flat board that people use for traveling down hills on snow for fun
tO .day © / ts'dei/
this day; on this day What should we do today? Today is Friday.
the present time; at the present time Most families in the U.S. today have a car.
—SYNONYM nowadays
tod • dler / ' tadlar /
tOe Ф/ tou /
one of the five parts at the end of your foot — Look at the
the part of a shoe or sock that covers the end of your foot
toe • nail / ' touneil /
the hard part at the end of your toe
to .geth .er Ф /ъ'дебэг/ я^егь
with each other or close to each other John and Lisa usually walk home together. Stand with your feet together.
so that two or more things are joined to or mixed with each other
tOi . let Ф / 'toibt /
toi • let pa • per / ' toilat |peipar /
[noncount]
paper that you use to clean your body after using the toilet
toi • let • ries / ' toilatriz /
things such as soap or a brush that you use when you wash yourself, do your hair, etc.
to • ken / ' toukan /
1 a small thing that you use to show something else
2 a piece of paper, plastic, or metal that you use instead of money to pay for something
tol • er • ant / ' talarant /
letting people do things even though you do not like or understand them
tol • er • ate / ' talareit /
to let people do something even though you do not like or understand it
toll / toul /
money that you pay to use a road or bridge
[ usually singular ] the number of people who were killed or injured by something
to . ma . to & / ts'meitou /
a soft, red fruit that you eat cold in salads or cook as a vegetable
a place where a dead person's body is buried, often one with a stone above it
tomb • stone / tumstoun /
a large, flat stone on the place where a person is buried (their grave ) showing their name and the dates when they lived
to . тОГ . rOW Ф / to'maroo /
the day after today; on the day after today
ton / tAn /
[ count ] a unit for measuring weight, equal to 2,000 pounds
tons [ plural ] (
1 [ count, noncount ] the way that someone's voice sounds
knew he was angry by the tone of his voice .
[ singular ] the general quality or style of something
[ count ] a sound that you hear on the telephone
tongs / tagz /
[ plural ]
a tool with two parts that you use for holding things or picking things up
tongue Ф / Ur) /
The word tongue sounds like young .
the soft part inside your mouth that moves when you talk or
tongue-twist • er / ' |twistsr /
to .night Ф / ts 'nait /
the evening or night of today; on the evening or night of today
also
more than you want or need
took
a thing that you hold in your hand and use to do a special job
tooth Ф/ tu0 /
1 one of the hard, white things in your mouth that you use for eating
brush my teeth after every meal. — Look at the picture at mouth .
one of the long, narrow, pointed parts of an object such as a comb (= a thing that you use for making your hair neat )
tooth • ache / ' tueeik /
( HEALTH ) a pain in your tooth
tooth • brush / ' tuebrAj /
a small brush for cleaning your teeth
tooth.paste
/ tuepeist /
a substance that you put on your toothbrush and use for cleaning your teeth
tooth • pick / ' tuepik /
a short, pointed piece of wood that you use to get pieces of food out from between your teeth
top 1 Ф / tap /
—ANTONYM bottom
[ singular ] the highest or most important position
[ count ] a cover that you put on something to close it
[ count ] a piece of clothing that you wear on the top part of your body
on its highest part
on top of something
highest or best
top . ic Ф / 'tapik /
—SYNONYM subject
top • i • cal aw / ' tapikl / Я
connected with something that is happening now
torch / tortj /
a long piece of wood with burning material at the end that you carry to give light
tore, torn
tor • na • do / tor ' neidou /
a violent storm with a very strong wind that blows in a circle
Thesaurus
tor • pe • do / tor ' pidou /
a type of bomb in the shape of a long tube, which is fired from a ship that travels under the water (called a submarine )
tor • rent / ' torsnt /
tor • so / ' torsou /
tor • til • la / tor' tiya /
a type of very thin, round Mexican bread. It is usually eaten hot and filled with meat, cheese, etc.
tor • toise / ' tortas /
an animal with a hard shell on its back, which lives on land and moves very slowly
— Look
tor • ture / ' tortfar /
the act of making someone feel great pain, often to make them give information
(tor . tures,tor tur . ing , tor . tured )
toss / tos /
1 to throw something quickly and without care
tossed the paper into the trash.
to move quickly up and down or from side to side; to make something do this
tO .tal 1 Ф / 'toutl/
complete; if you count everything or everyone
tO .tal 2Ф/ 'toutl /
( MATH ) the number you have when you add everything
together
tO .tal . ly
tOUCll iQ/UtjV
The word touch sounds like much .
to put a part of your body, usually your hand or finger, onto someone or something
to be so close to another thing or person that there is no space in between
to make someone feel sad, sorry for someone, grateful, etc
touch 2 Ф / UtJ/
felt the touch of his hand on my arm.
[ noncount ] the feeling in your hands and skin that tells you about something
be or keep in touch with someone
to meet, call, or write to someone often
get in touch with someone
to write to, or call someone
lose touch with someone
touch • down / ' t\tfdaun /
[ count ] ( SPORTS ) (in football) an act of scoring points by carrying the ball over the other team's line, or receiving the ball when you are in this position
[ count, noncount ] the moment when a plane lands —SYNONYM landing
tough / t\f /
difficult
—SYNONYM hard
strict or firm
very strong
difficult to break or tear
Tough meat is difficult to cut and eat. —ANTONYM tender
tough • en / ' 1 /
(tough ens , tough . en . ing,tough ened )
to become or to make something stronger
tou • pee / tu' pei /
a piece of artificial hair that a man wears to cover a part of his head where he has no hair
to U Г Ф/ tur /
a short visit to see a building or city
a trip to see a lot of different places
tour • ism / ' turizam/
the business of arranging vacations for people
tour . ist
a person who visits a place on vacation
tour • na • ment / ' turnamant /
( SPORTS ) a sports competition with a lot of players or teams
tow / tou /
to pull a vehicle using a rope or chain
toward Ф / tord ; ta ' word / ( also to . wards / tordz ; ta ' wordz / )
1 in the direction of someone or something
couldn't see her face — she had her back toward me.
to someone or something
to help pay for something
near a time or a date
tow .el О / 'tausl/
tow • er / ' tauar /
town Q / taun /
town hall / itaun ' hol /
a large building that contains the local government offices of a town
—SYNONYM poisonous
tox • in / ' taksin /
a poisonous substance
toy Ф / toi /
doll
toys
model train
trace 1 AWL / treis /
[ count, noncount ] a mark or sign that shows that a person or thing has been in a place
[ count ] a very small amount of something Traces of blood were found at the crime scene.
trace 2 AWL / treis /
to look for and find someone or something
to put thin paper over a picture and draw over the lines to make a copy
track / trrek /
tracks [ plural ] a line of marks that an animal, a person, or a vehicle makes on the ground
[ count, noncount ] the metal lines that a train runs on
( SPORTS ) [ count ] a special road for races
Thesaurus
stadium a large place with seats around the sides where you can watch sports:
track an area with a special surface for people or cars to have races on:
[ count ] ( MUSIC ) one song or piece of music on a CD, tape, or record
( sports ) = track and field
keep track of someone or something
to have information about what is happening or where
someone or something is
lose track of someone or something
to not have information about what is happening or where someone or something is
track 2 / trrek /
track and field / itr®k an ' fild / ( also track )
( SPORTS ) sports such as running, jumping, and throwing
track record / ' trrek irekard /
all the successes and failures a person or organization has had in the past
trade 1 / treid /
[ noncount ] ( BUSINESS ) the buying and selling of things
[ count ] an act of exchanging something for something else;
[ count, noncount ] a job for which you need special skills, especially with your hands
[ count ] a particular type of business
trade 2 / treid /
( BUSINESS ) to buy and sell things Japan trades with many different countries.
to exchange something for something else
trade • mark / ' treidmark /
a special mark or name that a company puts on the things it makes and that other companies must not use
trad • er / ' treidar /
( BUSINESS ) a person who buys and sells things
tra • di • tion © awl / tra 'dijn /
[ count, noncount ]
something that people in a particular place have done or believed for a long time
tra • di • tion • al AWL / tra 'dijanal /
connected with the things that a particular group of people
have done or believed for a long time
►tra • di • tion • al • ly AWL / tra 'dijanali /
traf .fiC 1 Ф / 'trsefik /
all the cars and other vehicles that are on a road
traf • fic 2 / ' trafik /
traf • fic jam / ' trafik d3am /
a long line of cars and other vehicles that cannot move or can only move slowly
traf • fic light / ' trafik lait /
( also traf - fic sig - nal / ' trafik signal / )
—SYNONYM stoplight
trag • e • dy / ' trad3adi /
a very sad thing that happens
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a serious and sad play Shakespeare's "King Lear" is a tragedy.
very sad
trail 1 / treil /
a line of marks that show which way a person or thing has gone
a path in the country
trail 2 / treil /
to pull something along behind you; to be pulled along behind someone or something
trail • er / ' treilar /
a container with wheels that a vehicle pulls along
a vehicle without an engine, which can be pulled by a car or truck or used as a home when it is parked
a small building for people to live in. It is made in a factory and can be moved with a truck.
—SYNONYM mobile home
trail • er park / ' treilar park /
an area of land where there are many small buildlngs (called trailers ) that people live in
train lO / trein /
a number of vehicles that are pulled by an engine along a
special track (a railroad line)
train 2 О / trein /
to teach a person or an animal to do something
to make yourself ready for something by studying or doing something a lot
►train • er / ' treinar /
a person who teaches people or animals to do something
train • ee / trei 'ni /
train . ing Ф / ъ-етщ /
the process of getting ready for a sport or job
trai • tor / ' treitar /
a person who harms their own country or group in order to help another country or group
tramp / tramp /
tram • ple / ' trampl /
to walk on something and damage it with your feet
tram • po • line / |trampa 'lin /
a piece of equipment for jumping up and down on
trance / trans /
a mental state in which you do not notice what is happening around you
tran • qui • li • Zer / ' trregkwalaizar /
( HEALTH ) a drug that is used to make you feel calm or help you to sleep
trans • fer 1 aw Ц / ' transfar ; trans ' far /
to move someone or something to a different place
trans • fer 2 aw / ' trrensfsr /
[ count, noncount ] moving or being moved to a different place or situation
[ count ] a ticket that allows you to change from one bus or train to another without paying more money
trans • form aw / trrens ' form /
( trans - forms , trans - form - ing , trans - formed )
to change a person or thing completely
►trans • for • ma • tion AWL / trrensfsr ' meijn /
[ count, noncount ]
tran • sis • tor / trren zistsr /
a small electronic part inside something such as a radio, a television, or a computer
tran • si • tion AWL| / trren' zifn /
[ count, noncount ]
tran • si • tive / ' trrensstiv /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) A transitive verb has an object
—ANTONYM intransitive
trans .late © / trrenzleit ; trrens leit /
to change what someone has said or written in one
language to another language
►trans • la • tion / trrens ' lei/n ; trrenz' leijn /
[ count, noncount ]
► trans • la • tor / ' trrensleitsr ; ' trrenzleitsr /
[count]
trans • mit aw П / trrens ' mit ; trrenz' mit /
to send out television or radio signals
a piece of equipment that sends out television or radio signals
trans .par .ent © / trrens prersnt /
If something is transparent , you can see through it
—ANTONYM opaque
trans • plant / ' trrensplrent /
( HEALTH ) a medical operation where a body part is taken
from one person and put into another person
►trans • plant / trrens ' plrent /
( trans - plants , trans - plant - ing , trans - plant - ed )
trans • port AWL| / trren ' sport /
to carry people or things from one place to another
AWL
trans • por • ta • tion ©
/ |trrenspor ' tei/n /
carrying people or things from one place to another the transportation of passengers to and from the airport
vehicles that you travel in
trap 1 / trrep/
a thing that you use for catching animals
a plan to trick someone
trap 2 / trrep /
to keep someone in a place that they cannot escape from
to catch or trick someone or something
trap .e . zoid
/ trrepszoid /
( MATH ) a flat shape with four straight sides. One pair of opposite sides are parallel (= always the same distance from each other ) , and the other pair are not.
trash © / trrej/
things that you do not want anymore
something that you think is bad, stupid, or wrong
—SYNONYM garbage
trash can / ' trrej |kren /
a large container for garbage that you keep outside your house
—SYNONYM garbage can
trash • y / ' trrej! /
of bad quality
trau • ma / ' troms ; ' traums /
a state of great shock or sadness, or an event that causes this feeling
traV .el 1Ф / 'trsevl/
trav • el 2 Ф / 'trsevi /
[ noncount ] the action of going from one place to another
travels [ plural ] a person's trips to different places, especially places that are far away
Thesaurus
trip an act of traveling from one place to another, and usually back again. A trip can be short or long, and can be for business or pleasure:
trav • el a • gen • cy / ' trrevl ^^ansi /
a company that plans vacations and trips for people
trav • el a • gent / ' tr®vi ^^ant
[count]
a person who works in a travel agency
trav • el • er / ' trrevbar /
a person who is traveling
trav • el • er's check / ' trrevbarz |tjek / [ count ]
a special check that you can use when you go to other countries
tray / trei /
a flat object that you use for carrying food or drinks
trea • son / ' trizn /
[ noncount ]
the crime of harming your country by helping its enemies
treas • ure 1 / ' t^r /
[ noncount ]
a collection of gold, silver, jewelry, or other things that are worth a lot of money
treas • ure 2 / ' tre3ar /
( treas . ures , treas . ur . ing , treas ured )
to think that someone or something is very special and important
treas • ur • er / '1г£3эгэг /
[count]
a person who is in charge of the money of a club or an organization
treat 1 Ф/ trit /
to behave in a certain way toward someone or something
to think about something in a certain way
to try to make a sick person well again Several people are being treated for burns.
to give yourself or another person something special or enjoyable
treat 2 / trit /
[count]
treat .ment Ф /'tritmsnt/ noun
[ count, noncount ] ( HEALTH ) the things that a doctor does to try to make a sick person well again
Collocations
Injuries
being injured
hurt/injure yourself/your ankle/your arm break a bone/your leg/three ribs bruise/cut/graze your arm/your knee/your shoulder sprain/twist your ankle/your wrist treatment
examine/clean/disinfect a wound put on a Band-Aid™/a bandage be on/take painkillers/antibiotics
[ noncount ] the way that you behave toward someone or something
trea • ty / ' triti /
tree Ф / tri /
( BIOLOGY ) a big plant that can live for a long time. Trees have a central part (called a trunk ) and many smaller parts (called branches )
trem • ble / trembl /
to shake, for example because you are cold, afraid, or sick
tre • men • dous / tri ' mendas /
very big or very great
very good
►tre • men • dous • ly / tri ' mendasli /
trench / trentf /
a long, narrow hole that is dug in the ground, for example to put pipes or wires in
trend aw Д / trend /
a change to something different
trend • y / trendi /
tres • pass / ' trespres /
to go on someone's land without asking them if you can ►tres • pass • er / ' trespresar /
tri .al © / 'traiol /
[ count, noncount ]
the process in a court of law when people (called the judge and the jury ) can decide if a person has done something wrong and what the punishment will be
the process of testing something to see if it is good or bad
tri • an • gle / ' traireggl /
( MATH ) a shape with three straight sides
► tri • an • gu • lar / trai ' reggyalar /
tree
tribe / traib /
a small group of people who have the same language and
customs and who have a leader (called a chief )
trib • ute / ' tribyut /
trick ч-1 / tnk /
something that you do to make someone believe something that is not true
something that you have learned to do, especially as a form of entertainment
play a trick on someone
to do something that makes someone look silly, in order to make other people laugh
trick 2 / trik /
to do something that is not honest to get what you want from someone
trick • le / trikl /
to move slowly like a thin line of water
►trick • le
trick • y / triki /
difficult; hard to do
tri • cy • cle / ' traisikl/
a type of bicycle with three wheels
tried, tries
( trig - gers , trig - ger - ing , trig - gered )
to make something happen suddenly
trig • o • nom • e • try / itriga ' namatri /
( MATH ) the type of mathematics that deals with the relationship between the sides and angles of triangles (= shapes with three sides )
tril • o • gy / ' trilad3i /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a group of three books, plays, or movies that form a settrim / trim /
to cut a small amount off something to make it neat
tri • o / ' triou /
trip 1 © / trip/
[count]
—Look
Thesaurus
trip an act of traveling from one place to another, and usually back again. A trip can be short or long, and can be for business or pleasure:
trip
to hit your foot against something so that you fall or almost fall
with three parts, happening three times, or containing three times as much as usual
to become or to make something three times bigger
tri • umph / ' traiAmf /
great success
tri • um • phant / trai ' Amfant /
very happy because you have won or succeeded at something
► tri • um • phant • ly / trai ' Amfantli /
triv • i • al / ' trivial /
not important
trol • ley / ' trali /
an electric bus that runs along metal tracks (called rails ) in the road —SYNONYM streetcar
trom • bone / tram ' boun /
( MUSIC ) a large musical instrument. You play it by blowing and moving a long tube up and down.
troop / trup /
troops [ plural ] soldiers We sent packages to U.S. troops.
[ count ] a large group of people or animals
trO . phy / 'troufi /
[count]
(
a thing, for example a silver cup, that you get when you win a competition
trop • i • cal / ' trapikl /
connected with, or coming from the parts of the world where it is very hot and wet
the trop • ics / бэ ' trapiks /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the part of the world where it is very hot and wet
trot / trat /
to run with short quick steps
trOU . Ые l © / 'ti-Abl /
[ count, noncount ] a difficulty or problem
[ noncount ] extra work or effort
[ count, noncount ] a situation in which people are fighting or arguing
[ noncount ] ( HEALTH ) pain or illness
be in trouble
to have problems, for example because you have done something wrong
to get into a situation which is dangerous or in which you may be punished
go to a lot of trouble
to do extra work
trou • ble 2 / ' tr.bl /
1 to worry someone
was troubled by the news.
(
—SYNONYM bother
trou • ble • mak • er / ' trAbimeikar /
[count]
a person who deliberately causes trouble
trou • ble • shoot / ' trAblJutar /
[count]
( BUSINESS ) a person who helps to solve problems in a company or an organization trou • ble • shoot • ing / ' trAbljutig /
trough / trof /
a long, open container that holds food or water for animals
trou • sers / ' trauzarz /
a piece of clothing for your legs and the lower part of your body —SYNONYM pants
trout / traut /
a fish that lives in rivers and that you can eat
tru • ant / ' truant /
truce / trus /
an agreement to stop fighting for a short time
truck Ф
/ trAk /
a child who stays away from school when they should be there
right or correct
—ANTONYM untrue , false
real
to happen in the way that you hoped or imagined
tru • ly / ' truli /
Yours truly
words that you can use at the end of a formal letter before you write your name
trum • pet / ' tr\mpat /
( MUSIC ) a musical instrument that is made of metal and that you blow
the thick part of a tree, which grows up from the ground
the part at the back of a car where you can put bags and boxes
Look at the picture at car .
the long nose of an elephant ( = a very large gray animal )
Look at the picture at elephant .
a big, strong box for carrying things when you travel
trust l Ф / ti-Ast /
the belief that someone is honest and good, and will not
hurt you in any way
trUSt 2
to believe that someone is honest and good, and will not
hurt you in any way
trust • wor • thy / ' tr\stwar6i /
truth Ф / tru8 /
being true; what is true
truth • ful / ' tru9fl /
true
A person who is truthful tells the truth. ► truth • ful • ly / ' truSfali /
try Ф/ trai /
1 to make an effort to do something
tried to remember her name, but I couldn't. I'm not sure if I can help you, but I'll try.
to do, use, or test something in order to see how good or successful it is
to ask someone questions in a court of law to decide if they have done something wrong
try and do something
to try to do something
try something on to put on a piece of clothing to see if you like it and if it is big enough
try something out to test something to find out if it is good enough
T-shirt / ' tifsrt/
tsu • na • mi / tsu ' nami /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a very large wave in the ocean, usually caused by the sudden strong shaking of the ground (called an earthquake )
tub / tAb /
[count]
( informal ) another word for bathtub
a round container
tu • ba / ' tubs /
( MUSIC ) a large musical instrument that makes a low sound when you blow through it
a long, thin pipe for liquid or gas
a long, thin, soft container with a hole and a covering (called a cap ) at one end
tuck / tAk /
to put or push the edges of something inside or under something else
to put something in a small place, especially to hide it or keep it safe
tuck someone in to make someone feel comfortable in
bed by pulling the covers around them
Tues . day © / 'tuzdei; 'tuzdi /
the day of the week after Monday and before Wednesday
tuft / tAft /
a small amount of something, such as hair or grass, growing together
tug 1 / tAg /
tug 2 / tAg /
1 a sudden hard pull
2 ( also tug - boat / ' tAgbout / ) a small, strong boat that pulls big ships
tu • i • tion / tu'ijn /
money that you pay in order to take classes at a college,
university, or private school
tu • lip / tulsp /
a flower that comes in spring and is shaped like a cup
tum • ble / ' tAmbl /
tum • bler / ' tAmblsr /
tum • my / ' tAmi /
the part of your body between your chest and your legs
—SYNONYM stomach
tu • mor / ' tumsr /
( HEALTH ) a group of cells in the body that is not growing normally because of a disease
tu • na / ' tuns /
a large fish that lives in the ocean and that you can eat
tune l Ф / tun/
( MUSIC ) a group of musical notes that make a nice sound when you play or sing them together
tune 2 / tun /
( MUSIC ) to make small changes to a musical instrument so that it makes the right sounds
tune in to listen to a radio program or watch a television program
tun .nel
a long hole under the ground or ocean for a road or railroad
( tun - nels , tun - nel - ing , tun neled )
to dig a tunnel under or through the ground
tur•ban / tsrbsn /
a covering that some men wear on their heads for religious reasons. You make a turban by folding a long piece of material around and around.
tur • key / ' tsrki /
turn 1 ©/ tarn/
to move around, or to move something around
to move in a different direction
to become different
to make someone or something change
to find a certain page in a book
turn someone away to not allow someone to go into a place
to say "no" to what someone wants to do or to give you
to make something produce less sound or heat by moving a switch
turn something in to give your work to a teacher
turn into something to become different; to change
someone or something into something different
turn something off to move the handle or switch that
controls something, so that it stops
turn something on to move the handle or switch that
controls something, so that it starts
turn out to be something in the end
turn something out to switch off a light
turn over ; turn something over to move so that the
other side is on top; to move something in this way
turn to someone or something to go to someone or something to get help or advice
turn up
(used about a person) to arrive
to be found
tUm 2© / tarn/
the action of turning something around
a change of direction
the time when you can or should do something
in turn
one after the other
to do something one after the other
turn • ing point / ' tarnig point /
a time when an important change happens
tur • nip / ' tarnap /
turn • pike / ' tarnpaik/
a wide, fast road that drivers have to pay money to use
turn sig • nal / tarn signal /
the flashing light on a car that shows that it is going to turn right or left
tur • quoise / ' tarkwoiz /
having a bright color between blue and green ►tur • quoise
tur • tle / ' tartl/
an animal that lives mainly in the water, moves slowly, and has a hard shell on its back
tusk / Usk /
a long, pointed tooth that grows beside the mouth of an elephant (= a very big gray animal that lives in Africa and Asia )
tu • tor 1 / ' tutar /
a teacher who teaches one person or a small group in a particular subject
tu • tor 2 / ' tutar /
to give one student or a small group of students extra help
in a particular subject
tux • e • do / Uk ' sidou /
a black or white jacket and pants that a man can wear to a formal dinner, a wedding, or other occasion
© / ,ti'vi/
tweez • ers
/ twizarz /
a small tool made of two pieces of metal joined at one end. You use tweezers for holding or pulling out very small things
twelve © / twelv /
twen .ty © / twenti /
2 the twenties [ plural ] the numbers, years, or temperatures between 20 and 29 in your twenties
between the ages of 20 and 29
20th
twice © / twais /
two times
twig / twig /
twi • light / twailait /
the time after the sun has gone down and before it gets
completely dark
twin / twin /
1 one of two people who have the same mother and were born at the same time
have a twin sister.
one of two things that are the same
twin • kle / ' twigkl/
to shine with a small, bright light that comes and goes
twirl / twarl /
to turn around and around quickly; to make someone or something do this
twist 1© / twist /
to change the shape of something by turning it in different directions; to turn in many directions
to turn something with your hand
to turn something around another object many times They twisted the sheets into a rope, and escaped through the window.
to hurt part of your body by suddenly turning it in a way that is not natural
twist 2
the action of turning something with your hand, or of turning part of your body
a change in a story or situation that you do not expect It's a story with a twist at the end, which surprised us all.
a place where a road or river bends
twitch / twitf /
to make a sudden quick movement with a part of your body
►twitch
2
in two
into two pieces
ty • ing
type 1 © / taip /
[ count ] a group of things that are the same in some way
—SYNONYM kind , sort
[ noncount ] the letters that a machine makes on paper
type 2© / taip /
to write something using a machine that has keys, such as a
computer or a typewriter
type • writ • er / ' taipraitar /
a machine with keys that you use for writing
ty • phoon / tai 'fun /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a violent storm with strong winds in a hot country
Word building
When there is a storm, you hear thunder and see lightning in the sky.
Cyclones , hurricanes , tornadoes , and typhoons
are large, violent storms.
typ .i .Cal © / 'tipikl/
Something that is typical is a good example of its kind
►typ • i • cal • ly / ' tipikli /
ty • po / ' taipou / (
ty • rant / ' tairant /
( POLITICS ) a person with a lot of power, who uses it in a cruel way
►ty • ran • ni • cal / ti ' ranikl /
Uu
U, u / yu /
the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet
UFO / |yu ef ' ou /
a strange object that some people think they have seen in the sky and that may come from another planet. UFO is short for "unidentified flying object."
Ug . ly ©/ \c|li /
not pleasant to look at
ul • cer / '.lsar /
( HEALTH ) a painful area on your skin or inside your body
ul • ti • mate aw / ' .ltamat / j
happening at the end of a long process
ul • ti • ma • tum / ^lta 'meitam /
a warning to someone that, if they do not do what you ask, you will punish them
ul • tra • vi • o • let / |\ltra 'vaialat /
( PHYSICS ) Ultraviolet light cannot be seen, and makes your skin darker
um • brel • la / лш' brela/
um • pire / ' Ampaiar /
( SPORTS ) a person who watches a game such as baseball or tennis , to make sure the players follow the rules — Look
► um • pire
un-
not; the opposite of
the UN / бэ |yu ' en /
un .a .ble ® / An eibl /
not able to do something
un • ac • cept • a • ble / ^nak ' septabi /
If something is unacceptable , you cannot accept or allow it
u • nan • i • mous / yu' nrenamas /
with the agreement of every person
un • armed / |\n ' armd /
not carrying a gun or any weapon
un • at • trac • tive / ^na ' trrektiv /
not nice to look at —ANTONYM attractive
un • a • void • a • ble / |\пэ ' voidabl /
If something is unavoidable , you cannot stop it or get away from it
un • a • wa re A^H / ^na ' wer /
not knowing about or not noticing someone or something
—ANTONYM aware
un • bear • a • ble / |\n'berabl /
If something is unbearable , you cannot accept it because it is so bad
un • bear • a • bly / |\n ' berabli / adverb It was unbearably hot.
un • be • liev • a • ble / |\nbi ' livabl /
very surprising or difficult to believe —SYNONYM incredible
un • bi • ased aw / |\n' baiast /
fair and not affected by your own or someone else's
opinions, needs, etc.
—ANTONYM biased
un • born / |\n 'born /
un • cer • tain / An ' sartn /
not sure; not decided
—SYNONYM unsure —ANTONYM certain
un • cer • tain • ty / \n ' sartnti /
[ count, noncount ] (
ЦП .Cle Ф / 'лцк1 /
the brother of your mother or father, or the husband of
your aunt
un • clear / |\n ' klir /
not easy to see, hear, know, or understand
not completely understanding something; not sure about something
un . com . fort. a . ble Ф / mi Ьты-ьы /
not pleasant to wear, sit on, lie on, etc.
—ANTONYM comfortable
feeling worried or embarrased, or making someone feel this way
un • com • fort • a • bly / An ' kAmfartabli / adverb The room was uncomfortably hot.
un • com • mon / An ' kaman /
not usual
un .СОП .scious Ф/ AiVkanjos/
If you are unconscious , you are in a kind of sleep and you do not know what is happening
If you are unconscious of something, you do not know about it
ly / An ' kan/ssli /
ness / An ' kan/ssnss /
AWL
/ | Anksn vinst /
|An|kauntsbl
un • con • scious
un • con • scious
[noncount]
un • con • sti • tu • tion • al
/ |Ankansts ' tu/nl /
( POLITICS ) not allowed by the basic laws or rules (the constitution ) of a country or organization
un • con • trol • la • ble / |Anksn' troulsbl /
If a feeling is uncontrollable , you cannot control or stop it
un • con • trol • la • bly / |Anksn ' troulsbli / adverb He started laughing uncontrollably.
un • con • ven • tion • al awl
/ |Anksn' venfsnl /
not following what is considered normal or acceptable by most people
un • con • vinced
not believing or not certain that something is true
—ANTONYM convinced un • cool / |An' kul /
—ANTONYM cool
un • count • a • ble noun
' naun /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS )
un • cov • er / An ' kAvsr /
to take something from on top of another thing Uncover the pan and cook the soup for 30 minutes.
—ANTONYM cover
to find out something that was secret Police uncovered a plot to steal the painting.
un • de • ni •a • ble Iaw / |Andi ' naisbl /
clear, true, or certain
1 in or to a place that is lower than or below something
less than something
covered by something I'm wearing a T-shirt under my sweater.
—SYNONYM underneath
controlled by someone or something The team is playing well under the new captain.
in a particular state or condition
under-
( in nouns and adjectives ) below
( in nouns ) lower in age, level, or position
( in adjectives and verbs ) not enough
un • der • age / |Andsr' eid3 /
too young to be allowed by law to do something
un • der • cov • er / |Andsr' kAvsr /
working or happening secretly
un • der • dog / ' Andsrdog /
a person, team, etc. that is weaker than the others, and is not expected to be successful
un • der • es • ti • mate awl
/ |Andsr'estsmeit /
—ANTONYM overestimate
un • der • go AWL / |Andsr 'gou /
/ |Andsr'went / has un - der - gone / |Andsr'gon ; |Andsr' gan / )
un • der • grad • u • ate / |Andsr' grred3ust /
a student in college who is studying for their first degree (called a bachelor's degree )
un . der . ground © / Andsrgraund /
un • der • growth / 'Andsrgroue /
[ noncount ]
bushes and other plants that grow under trees
un • der • line / ' Andarlain / ( un - der - lines , un - der - lin - ing , un - der - lined )
to draw a line under a word or words. This sentence is underlined.
un • der • ly • ing |aWl| / Andarlaiyig /
important but hidden
un • der • pants / 'Andarprents /
a piece of clothing that men or women wear under pants, a skirt, etc.
un • der • pass / ' Andarpres /
a road or path that goes under another road
—Look
un • der • shirt / ' Andarjbrt/
a piece of clothing that you wear under your other clothes on the top part of your body
un .der .stand © / iAndar strend /
( un - der - stands , un - der - stand ing ,
un - der - stood / iAndar' stud / has un - der - stoo< )
1 to know what something means or why something happens
don't understand why you're so angry.
(
make yourself understood
to make people understand you
un • der • stand • ing 1 / iAndar ' strendig /
knowing about something
un • der • stand • ing 2 / iAndar ' strendig /
ready to listen to other people's problems and try to understand them
un • der • state • ment / Andarsteitmant /
something you say that makes something seem less important, large, etc. than it really is
un • der • stood
un • der • tak • er / Andarteikar /
a person whose job is to organize funerals (= the time when dead people are buried or burned )
un .der . wa .ter © / мны- w.^r /
un .der .wear © / wai-wer/ noun
[noncount]
clothes that you wear next to your body, under your other clothes
un • der • weight / iAndar' weit /
weighing less than is normal or correct —ANTONYM overweight Thesaurus
thin is a general word to describe a person who is not fat. It can be used with a positive, negative, or neutral meaning:
skinny is a more informal word meaning very thin. It can be used with a negative meaning to describe someone who is too thin:
un • der • went awl|
un • do / An ' du /
/ An dAn / )
to open something that was tied or fastened
un • doubt • edly / An ' dautadli /
certainly; without doubt
un • dress / i An dres /
to take clothes off yourself or another person
un • dressed / ,An ' drest /
un • eas • y / An ' izi /
worried that something is wrong
un • eas • i • ly / An ' izali / adverb She looked uneasily around the room.
un • ed • u • cat • ed / An ' ed3akeitad /
—ANTONYM educated
un • em • ployed / |Anim ' ploid /
If you are unemployed , you can work but you do not have a job
un . em . ploy . ment Ф / .лшт'рЬпшт /
when there are not enough jobs for the people who want to work
money that the government pays to people after they lose their jobs
un • e • qual / |ЛП ' ikwal /
different in size, amount, value, or level as something or someone else
not smooth or flat
un .ex . pect . ed Ф / .лшк'врекы /
surprising because you did not expect it
un • ex • pect • ed • ly / |Anik ' spektadli /
Something that is unfair does not treat people in the same way or in the right way
un • fair • ly / |An ' ferli /
un • faith • ful / |An ' feiefl /
having a sexual relationship with someone who is not your husband, wife, or partner —ANTONYM faithful
un • fa • mil • iar / |Anfa ' milyar /
—ANTONYM familiar
un • fash • ion • a • ble / Anfajn^abi /
not popular at a particular time
un • fas • ten / ^n ' fasn /
to open something that was tied or attached
—ANTONYM fasten
un • fin • ished / |An ' finift /
not complete; not finished
not good enough or not right for something
not healthy or strong
un • fold / An ' fould /
to open something to make it flat; to open out and become flat
—ANTONYM fold
un • for • tu • nate / An ' fortfanat /
not lucky
un .for . tu . nate . ly Ф / лпЬгфпэш /
a word that you use to show that you are not happy about a situation or fact
un .friend .ly О / | An frendli /
not friendly; not kind or helpful to other people —ANTONYM friendly
un • grate • ful / An ' greitfl /
If you are ungrateful , you do not show thanks when
someone helps you or gives you something
ЦП .hap .ру Ф' / ui'haepi /
not happy
un • hap • pi • ly / An ' hapali / adverb "I failed the exam," she said unhappily.
un • hap • pi • ness / An ' hapinas / noun [ noncount ] John had a lot of unhappiness in his life.
un • health • y / An ' heiei /
( HEALTH )
not well; often sick
that can make you sick
un • help • ful / An ' helpfl /
u • ni • corn / ' yunakorn /
u .ni .form i©E / ' yunaform / [count]
the special clothes that some people in the same job, team, etc. wear
u • ni • form 2 aw / ' yunaform / e
not changing; always the same shape, size, level, etc.
un • im • por • tant / |Anim ' portnt /
un • in • hab • it • ed / |Anin ' hrebatad /
ЦП . ion Ф/ 'уипуэп/
[ noncount , singular ] coming together the union of the groups into one organization
[ count ] ( POLITICS ) a group of people or countries that have joined together
[ count ] an organization for people who do the same type of work. Unions try to get better pay and working conditions for their members
—SYNONYM labor union
u • nique AWL / yu' nik /
not like anyone or anything else
u • ni • sex / ' yunaseks /
designed for and used by both men and women
U . nit Ф / 'yunit /
one complete thing or group that may be part of something larger
a measurement
u • nite / yu' nait /
to join together to do something together; to put two things together
(used about countries) joined together
(used about people or groups) working together to achieve the same things
the U •nit • ed Na • tions / бэ yunaitad
' nei/nz /
the U • nit • ed States / бэ yu|naited ' steits /
( also the U nit . ed States of A . mer . i ca / бэ
yu|naitad ^teits av э 'merika / )
a large country in North America made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia
u • ni • ver • sal / |yuna ' varsl /
connected with, done by, or for everyone
► u • ni • ver • sal • ly / |yuna' varsali /
everyone )
the U .ni .verse ф / <1o 'yunovors /
[ singular ]
the earth and all the stars, planets, and everything else in space
U .ni .ver .si .ty Ф / |yuna'varsati /
a place where people go to study more difficult subjects after they have left high school or college
apply to a college/a university/Harvard get into/go to college/Princeton studying major in/minor in biology/philosophy work toward a B.A./a law degree/a master's degree finishing finish/graduate from college
earn/receive/get a degree/a bachelor's degree/a master's degree Which word? University or college?
Universities and colleges both offer courses for students who are studying for their first degree (a bachelor's degree ).
Universities also offer courses for people who are studying for more advanced degrees, for example a master's degree or a Ph.D.
College is often the word we use in general conversation when we are talking about a place of higher education, even when the place we are talking about is a university:
un • just / |An 'd3Ast /
not fair or right
un • jus • ti • fied |awL / |An'd3Astafaid /
unpleasant and not friendly
un .known ® / | An noun /
that you do not know
not famous
un • lead • ed / |An ' ledad /
Unleaded fuel does not contain any lead (= a soft, heavy, gray metal ) .
if not; except if
different from
not typical of someone or something
—ANTONYM like
ЦП . like . ly ©/ An'laikli/
If something is unlikely , it will probably not happen
un • load / |An ' loud /
to take things that have been carried somewhere off or out of a car, truck, ship, or airplane
un • lock / |An ' lak /
to open something with a key
ЦП . luck -У© / л n11л к i /
having or bringing bad luck
—ANTONYM lucky
un • mar • ried / | An mrerid /
not married; without a husband or wife —SYNONYM single
un • mis • tak • a • ble / |Anmisteiksbi /
If something is unmistakable , it is easy to recognize and will not be confused with anything else
un • nat • u • ral / An ' nret/srsl /
different from what is normal or expected
un • nec • es • sar • y / An ' ness^eri /
Remember! You spell unnecessary with NN , one C , and SS .
—ANTONYM necessary
un • nec • es • sar • i • ly / Alness ' sersli / adverb His explanation was unnecessarily complicated.
un • of • fi • cial / |Ans ' fijl /
—ANTONYM official
un • of • fi • cial • ly / |Ans ' fifsli /
un • pack / |An ' prek /
to take all the things out of a bag, box, etc.
not yet paid
un .pleas .ant © / An pleznt /
not pleasant; not nice
—ANTONYM pleasant
un • plug / |An ' plAg /
to take out a piece of electrical equipment (called a plug ) from the electricity supply
—ANTONYM plug something in
un • pop • u • lar / |An ' papyslsr /
—ANTONYM popular
un • pre • dict • a • ble |awL / |Anpri 'diktsbi /
If something is unpredictable , you cannot say how it will change in the future
un • pro • fes • sion • al / |Anprs 'fejsnl /
not behaving in way that is appropriate for a person in a particular job
un • qual • i • fied / An' kwalsfaid /
not having the knowledge or training to do something
—ANTONYM qualified
un • rea • son • a • ble / An'rizn-sbl /
expecting too much
un •re • li •a • ble |awL / |Anri laisbl /
If something or someone is unreliable , you cannot trust it or them
un • rest / |An' rest /
a situation in which people are angry or unhappy, and are likely to protest or fight
un • ru • ly / An ' ruli /
difficult to control
dangerous; not safe
—ANTONYM safe
un • sat • is • fac • to • ry / ,Ansretas ' frektari /
not good enough; not acceptable
—ANTONYM satisfactory
un • screw / ,лп ' skru /
un • skilled / iAn skild /
not having or needing special skills or training
—ANTONYM skilled
un • sta • ble aw / ,лп' steibl / e
—ANTONYM stable
un • stead • y / An stedi /
not completely in control of your movements, so that you may fall
un•suc • cess• ful / iAnsak sesfl /
—ANTONYM successful
un • suit • a • ble / An ' sutabl /
not suitable; not right for someone or something
—ANTONYM suitable
—ANTONYM sure
un • sym • pa • thet • ic / ,Ansimpa ' eetik /
If you are unsympathetic , you are not kind to someone who is hurt or sad, and you show that you do not understand their feelings and problems.
—ANTONYM sympathetic
un • tan • gle / ,лп ' treggl /
to separate threads, hair, etc. that are twisted together in a messy way
un • tie / An ' tai /
( un - ties , un - ty ing , un - tied , has un - tied )
to remove a knot; to take off the string or rope that is holding something
Ull .til
SPELLING
Remember! You spell until with one L , but you spell till with LL .
not true or correct
un .U .SU .al £ /лп'уи3ш1/
If something is unusual , it does not often happen or you
do not often see it
un • u • su • al • ly / лп ' yu3uali / adverb It was an unusually hot summer.
un • want • ed / iAn wantad /
un • wel • come / An welkam /
If someone or something is unwelcome , you are not happy to have or see them
If you are unwilling to do something, you are not ready or happy to do it
un • wind / iAn waind /
to open out something that has been wrapped into a ball or around something else
to start to relax, after working hard or worrying about something
—SYNONYM foolish —ANTONYM wise
un • wise • ly / ,лп waizli / adverb Unwisely, I agreed to help her.
un • wrap / ,лп ' rrep /
to take off the paper or cloth that is around something
—ANTONYM wrap
un • zip / |An ' zip /
to open a piece of clothing, a bag, etc. by pulling the long thing that fastens it (the zipper )
in or to a higher place
—ANTONYM down
from sitting or lying to standing
to the place where someone or something is
a word we use to show an increase in something
—ANTONYM down
into pieces Cut the meat up .
so that it is finished
in a certain direction
as far as; until
as much or as many as
doing something, especially something bad
up • bring • ing / ' Apbrigig /
the way that you are treated and taught to behave by your parents
up • date / |Ap ' deit /
to make something more modern or add new things to it
up • date / ' Apdeit /
up • grade / |Ap ' greid /
to change something so that it is better
up • grade / ' Apgreid / noun [ count ] to install an upgrade
up • hill / |Ap ' hil /
—ANTONYM downhill
up • hol • ster • y / э ' poulstari /
the thick, soft material that is used to cover chairs, car seats, etc.
up • load / ' Aploud /
( COMPUTERS ) to copy a computer file from a small computer system to a larger one
on
Up .per © / Чрэг/
in a higher place than something else
up • per • case / |Apar' keis / ( also up - per case )
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the large form of letters, for example A, B, C (not a, b, c)
the up • per class / 6i |Apar 'klas /
[ singular ]
the group of people in a society with the highest social position, who have more money and power than other people
up • per-class / |Apar ' klas /
up • ris • ing / ' Apraizig /
( POLITICS ) a situation in which a group of people start to fight against the government in their country
up . set 1 © / .Ap'set/
to make someone feel unhappy or worried
to make something change in a way that you do not like
up • set • ting / |Ap ' setig /
up . set 2 Ф / Apset/
unhappy or worried
( HEALTH ) a little sick
up • side down / |Apsaid daun /
with the top part at the bottom
Up .StairS Ф / \pstrr//
up • stairs / ' Apsterz /
in or to the parts of a city or town that are away from the center, where people live
up .ward О / xpwoni/
( also up - wards / ' Apwsrdz / )
u • ra • ni • um / yu 'reinism /
( CHEMISTRY ) a metal that can be used to produce nuclear energy
( GEOGRAPHY ) connected with a city
urge 1 / srd'j /
to try to make someone do something
urge 2 / srd3 /
a strong feeling that you want to do something
ur • gen • cy / ' srd3snsi /
the need to do something quickly because it is very important
ur .gent Ф / ordpnt/
so important that you must do it or answer it quickly
u • ri • nate / ' yursneit /
( BIOLOGY ) to pass urine from the body
u • rine / ' yurin /
( BIOLOGY ) the waste liquid that passes from your body when you use the toilet
U.S.A. / | yu es ei /
U.S. / |yu ' es /
us • a • ble / yuzsbl /
in good enough condition to be used
us • age / 'yusid3 /
[ noncount ] the way that something is used; the amount that something is used
[ count, noncount ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) the way
that words are normally used in a language
USB / | yu es bi /
system for connecting other pieces of equipment to a computer
US © / ss ; as /
me and another person or other people; me and you
USB flash drive / | yu es bi flref draiv / ( also flash drive )
( COMPUTERS ) a small thing that stores information from a computer so that you can move it from one computer to another
USe 1 © / yuz /
When the word use is a verb, it sounds like shoes or choose.
When use is a noun, it sounds like juice or loose .
to do a job with something
to take something Don't use all the milk.
use something up to use something until you have no more
USe 2 Ф / yus /
[ noncount ] using something or being used This pool is for the use of hotel guests only.
[ count ] what you can do with something
[ noncount ] the opportunity to use something, for example something that belongs to someone else
it's no use doing something
it will not help to do something
make use of something
to find a way of using something
used © / yuzd /
that had another owner before; not new
—SYNONYM secondhand —ANTONYM new
used 2 Ф' / yust /
to know something well because you have seen, heard, tasted, done, etc. it a lot
to begin to know something well after a time
used to © / ' yusts ; ' yustu /
words that tell us about something that happened often or
that was true in the past
USB flash drive
Grammar
USe .ful Ф / 'yusfl/
good and helpful for doing something
use • ful • ly / ' yusfali /
not good for anything
that does not do what you hoped
US .ef © / 'yuzar/
[count]
a person who uses something
us • er-friend • ly / iyuzar frendli /
easy to understand and use
U .SU .al
—SYNONYM normal
as usual
in the way that happens most often
U .SU .al .ly Ф / 'уи3шИ/
in the way that is usual; most often
u • ten • sil / yu' tensl /
a tool that is used in the home
u • ter • us / ' yutaras /
[ count ]
(
( BIOLOGY ) the part of a woman or female animal where a baby develops before it is born
—SYNONYM womb
u • to • pi • a ( also U - to - pi - a ) / yu' toupia /
a place where everything is perfect, but that does not exist
complete
ut • ter • ly / ' Atarli / adverb That's utterly impossible!
ut • ter 2 / ' Atar /
to say something or make a sound with your mouth
U-turn / ' yu tarn /
a type of movement where a car, etc. turns around so that it goes back in the direction it came from
UV / ,yu 'vi /
( physics )
Vv
V, v / vi /
(
V abbreviation of volt
v. ( also vs. ) abbreviation of versus the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade
va • can • cy / ' veikansi /
[count]
(
a room in a hotel that no one is using
a job that no one is doing
empty or not being used
If a job in a company is vacant , no one is doing it and it is available for someone to do.
va .ca .tion Ф / vei'keifn /
[ count, noncount ]
a time when you do not go to work or school, and often go
and stay away from home
vac • ci • nate / 'vreksn^eit
(vac - ci - nates, vac - ci - nat - ing , vac - ci nat ed )
( HEALTH ) to put a substance into a person's or an animal's blood using a needle, to stop them from getting a disease
vac • ci • na • tion / ,vreksn^ ' eijn /
[ count, noncount ]
( HEALTH ) when a substance is put into a person's or an animal's blood with a needle, to stop them from getting a disease
vac • cine / vrek ' sin /
( HEALTH ) a substance that is put into a person's or an animal's blood using a needle, to stop them from getting a disease
vac • u • um 1 / ' vrekyum /
( PHYSICS ) a space with no air, gas, or anything else in it
another word for vacuum cleaner
vac • u • um 2 / ' vrekyum /
to clean a floor using a vacuum cleanervac • u • um clean • er
/ ' vakyum |klinar / ( also vac u - um )
[count]
a machine that cleans floors by sucking up dirt
va • gi • na / va 'd3aina /
( BIOLOGY ) the part of a woman's or a female animal's body that leads to the place where a baby grows (called the uterus )
vague / veig /
not clear or not exact
vain / vein /
too proud of what you can do or how you look The noun is vanity .
not producing the result you want They made a vain attempt to save his life.
—SYNONYM useless
in vain
val • e • dic •to • ri •an / ^ьал ' torian /
the student who received the highest grades in their class in high school or college
Val • en • tine's Day / ' valantainz |dei /
[ singular ]
the day (February 14) when people send a card (called a valenti ne ) to the person that they love
able to be used; acceptable
—ANTONYM invalid
Val . ley © / 'vseli /
( GEOGRAPHY ) the low land between mountains; the land that a river flows through
val u a ble s 'vaelyobl /
worth a lot of money Is this ring valuable?
very useful
val • u • a • bles / ' valyablz /
the small things that you own that are worth a lot of money,
for example jewelry or a cell phone
Val . Ue 1 © / 'vselyu/
[ count ] how much money you can sell something for The thieves stole goods with a total value of $100,000.
[ count, noncount ] how much something is worth compared with its price
[ noncount ] how useful or important something is
values [ plural ] your beliefs about what is the right and
wrong way to behave
val • ue 2 / ' valyu /
1 to think that something is very important
value my freedom.
to say how much money something is worth
valve / valv /
( PHYSICS ) a part in a pipe or tube which lets air, liquid, or gas flow in one direction only
vam • pire / 'vampaiar /
a person in stories who drinks people's blood
Vail / vsen/
[count]
a kind of big car or small truck for carrying people or things
van • dal / ' vandl /
a person who deliberately damages public property
van • dal • ize / 'vandbaiz /
to destroy or damage public property deliberately ►van • dal • ism / ' vandbizam /
va • nil • la / va'nila /
a substance from a plant that gives a taste to some sweet foods
van • ish / ' vanif /
( van - ish - es ,van ish ing , van ished )
to go away; to stop being seen
—SYNONYM disappear
van • i • ty / ' vanati /
being too proud of what you can do or how you look The adjective is vain .
va • por / ' veipar /
( GENERAL SCIENCE ) very small drops of liquid that look like
a gas
var • i • a • ble aw / ' veriabl /
not staying the same; often changing
/ |veri ' ei/n /
var • i • a • tion
[ count, noncount ]
a change or difference in the amount or level of something
var • ied 1 aw / ' verid / e
var • ied 2 aW
(
[ singular ] a lot of different things There's a wide variety of dishes on the menu.
[ noncount ] the fact that you are not always doing the same things
[ count ] a type of something This variety of apple is very sweet.
var . i .ous © / vrrios /
several different
var • nish / ' varnif / [ noncount ]
a clear paint with no color, which you put on something to make it shine ►var • nish
( var . nish . es , var . nish . ing , var . nished )
var • si • ty / ' varsati /
the main sports team that of a high school or college var • y Ф AWL / ' veri
to be different from each other, or to change according to the situation
to make something different by changing it often in some way
vase / veis /
very big
VCR / v si ' ar /
a machine connected to a television, which you use for recording or showing programs. VCR is short for "video cassette recorder."
veal / vil /
Meat from a cow is called beef and meat from a calf is called veal .
veg • an / ' vigan /
AWL
a person who does not eat meat or any other foods that come from animals, such as eggs or milk
sweet potatoes
veg • e • tar • i • an / ^зэ ' terian /
[ count ]
a person who does not eat meat or fish ►veg • e • tar • i • an
veg • e • ta • tion / ^зэ ' teijn /
[ noncount ] (
all the plants that are found in a particular place
ve • hi • cle Ф AWL / ' viikl /
a car, bus, truck, bicycle, etc.; a thing that takes people or
things from place to place
veil / veil /
a piece of material that a woman puts over her head and face
vein / vein /
one of the small tubes in your body that carry blood to the heart
Vel • cro™ / 'velkrou/
two bands of special material that stick together to fasten clothes, shoes, etc.
ve • loc • i • ty / va'lasati /
( PHYSICS ) the speed at which something moves in a particular direction
vel • vet / ' velvat /
vend • ing ma • chine / ' vendig |ШэДп /
ve • ne • tian blind / va|ni/n 'blaind /
[count]
a covering for a window that is made of flat pieces of plastic or metal, which can be turned to let more or less light into the room
vent / vent /
veg .e .ta .ble
a plant or part of a plant that we eat
vegetables
celery
potatoes
a hole in the wall of a room or machine that lets air come in, and lets smoke, steam, or smells go out
ven • ti • late / ventsleit /
to allow air to move through a room or building ►ven • ti • la • tion / |vents 'leijn /
ven • ue / ' venyu/
the place where an event happens, for example a concert or a sports game
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a word that tells you what someone does or what happens. "Go," "sing," "do," and "be" are all verbs .
ver•bal / 'vsrbl /
connected with words, or using words
spoken, not written
ver • dict / ' vsrdikt/
a decision in a court of law about whether someone is guilty or not
verge / vsrd3 /
on the verge of something ; on the verge of doing something
very near to doing something, or to something happening
ver • i • fy / ' versfai /
to check or say that something is true
►ver • i • fi • ca • tion / |versfs 'kei/n /
verse / vsrs /
[ noncount ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) words arranged in lines with a definite beat, often with sounds repeated at the ends of lines
—SYNONYM poetry
[ count ] ( MUSIC , ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a group of lines in a song or poem
ver • sion AWL| / ' vsr3n /
a form of something that is different in some way
what one person says or writes about something that happened
(
—SYNONYM against
ver • te • bra / ' vsrtsbrs /
(
( BIOLOGY ) any of the small bones that are connected together to form the line of bones down the middle of your back
ver • te • brate / ' vsrtsbrst /
( BIOLOGY ) any animal, bird, or fish that has a line of bones down the middle of its back (called a backbone )
—ANTONYM invertebrate
ver • ti • cal / ' vsrtikl /
going straight up or down at an angle of 90° from the ground
ver .у 1
You use "very" before another word to make it stronger
ver • y 2 / ' veri /
exact; same
vest / vest /
a piece of clothing like a jacket with no sleeves
a special piece of clothing that covers the top part of the body
vet / vet /
short for veteran a Vietnam vet
vet • er • an / ' vetsrsn /
a person who has been in the army, navy, or air force during a war
vet • er • i • nar • i • an / |vetsrs ' nerisn /
( also
a doctor for animals
►vet • er • i • nar • y / ' vetsrs|neri /
ve • to / vitou /
going through a place
using something
vi • brate / vaibreit /
to move very quickly from side to side or up and down
►vi • bra • tion / vaibreijn /
vice / vais /
[ noncount ] criminal activities involving sex or drugs
[ count ] a moral weakness or bad habit His only vice was the occasional glass of wine.
vice pres • i • dent / ,vais ' prezadant / [count]
( POLITICS ) the person below the president of a country in importance, who can control the country if the president cannot
Word building
The U.S. Government
The government in the U.S. is divided into three parts: the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch . The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. This is the U.S. Congress , which is made up of two groups of people: the Senate and the House of Representatives .
The executive branch is led by the president , and includes the vice president and the rest of the Cabinet (= other important politicians ) .
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court , which is the most important court in the country.
a person who controls a particular part of a large business organization
vice ver • sa / ,vais 'varsa /
in the opposite way to what has just been said
vi • cin • i • ty / va ' sinati /
in an area; near a place
violent and cruel
vic • tim / viktam /
a person or thing that is hurt, damaged, or killed by
someone or something
vic • to • ri • ous / vik' torias /
successful in a fight, game, or war
vic • to • ry / viktari /
success in a fight, game, or war
—ANTONYM defeat
vid .e.o®/ 'vidiou/ ( )
1 [ count, noncount ] a kind of tape that is used for recording moving pictures and sound; a box containing this tape
—SYNONYM videotape
[ count ] a copy of a movie, program, etc. that is recorded on videotape
[ noncount ] the system of recording and showing moving pictures and sound using a camera
vid • e • o game / 'vidiou geim /
a game that you play using a TV or computer screen
vid • e • o • tape / ' vidiouteip /
[ count, noncount ]
a kind of tape that is used for recording moving pictures and sound; a box containing this tape
( vid- e o - tapes, vid - e - o - tap - ing, vid - e - o - taped )
[ count ] what you believe or think about something
—SYNONYM opinion
[ count ] what you can see from a place
[ noncount ] the ability to see something from a particular place
because of something
on view
in a place for people to see
view 2 / vyu /
to think about something in a particular way
to watch or look at something
view • er / ' vyuar /
a person who watches a television program
vig • i • lant / ' volant /
careful and looking out for danger
vig • or • ous / ' vigaras /
strong and active
vile / vail /
very unpleasant
a pleasant house in the country, especially somewhere warm
vil • lage / ' viiid3 /
vil • lain / 'vilan/
a bad person, usually in a book, play, or movie
vine / vain /
the plant that produces grapes (= small fruits that we eat or use to make wine )
vin • e • gar / ' vinigar /
a liquid with a strong, sharp taste that is used in cooking
vine • yard / ' vinyard /
a piece of land where grapes (= small round green or purple fruits ) are grown to make wine
vi • o • la / vi ' oula /
vi .o lence О / ' vaialans /
violent behavior
force or power
vi .O .lent © / vaiolont/
strong and dangerous; causing physical harm
vi • o • let / ' vaialat /
[ count ] a small, purple flower
[ count, noncount ] a color that is between dark blue and purple
►vi • o • let
vi • o • lin / |vaia 'lin /
VIP / |vi ai ' pi /
a person who is famous or important. VIP is short for "very important person."
vir • gin / ' vard3an /
a person who has never had sex
vir • tu • al aw Ц / ' vartfual /
being almost or very nearly something
( COMPUTERS ) made to appear to exist by a computer ►vir • tu • al • ly AWL / ' vartjuali /
vir • tu • al re • al •i • ty / ^artM ri ' abti /
( COMPUTERS ) computer images that seem to be all around you and seem almost real
vir • tue / ' vartfu/
behavior that shows high moral standards; a good quality or habit
vi • rus / ' vairas /
vi • sa / ' viza /
an official piece of paper or mark in your passport to show that you can go into a country
vis • i • ble aw / ' vizabl / ^
If something is visible , you can see it
—ANTONYM invisible
vi • sion AWL / vi3n /
[ noncount ] the power to see
—SYNONYM sight
[ count ] a picture in your mind; a dream They have a vision of a world without war.
ViS .it О / vizot/
to go to see a person or place for a short time
►vis • it
ViS . i .tOr Ф / vizotor/
a person who goes to see another person or a place for a short time
vi • sor / ' vaizar /
a part of a hard hat (a helmet ) that you can pull down to protect your eyes or face
a piece of plastic, cloth, etc. on a hat or in a car, which stops the sun from shining in your eyes
vi • su • al aw / ' vi3ual /
connected with seeing
vi • su • al • ize AWL / ' vi3ualaiz /
—SYNONYM imagine
very important or necessary
—SYNONYM essential
vi • tal • ly / 'vaitali / vitally important
vi • ta • min / ' vaitaman /
( HEALTH ) one of the things in food that you need to be healthy
1 making a very clear picture in your mind
had a very vivid dream last night.
having a strong, bright color
viv • id • ly / ' vivadli /
vo • cab • u • lar • y / vou ' k®bya|leri /
[ count, noncount ] (
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS )
all the words that someone knows or that are used in a particular book or subject
the words that people use when they are talking about a particular subject
connected with the voice
vocal cords / voukl kordz /
( BIOLOGY ) the thin bands of muscle in the back of your throat that move to produce the voice
vo • ca • tion / vou ' keijn /
[ count, noncount ] (
a type of work or way of life that you do because you believe
it is especially right for you
vo • ca • tion • al school / vou ' kei/n^l |skul /
a school that teaches students skills that are necessary for particular jobs
vogue / voug /
a fashion for something
voice Ф / vois /
the sounds that you make when you speak or sing
lose your voice
to not be able to speak, usually because of illness
voice mail / ' vois meil / ( also voice . mail )
[noncount]
an electronic system that lets you leave or listen to
telephone messages
vol .ca .no volcano
/ val'keinou /
vol . ca . noes )
( GEOGRAPHY ) a
mountain with a hole in the top where fire, gas, and hot liquid rock (called lava ) sometimes come out
►vol • can • ic
/ val ' krenik /
vol • ley • ball
(sports)
/ 'valibol /
1 [ noncount ] a game where two teams try to hit a ball over a high net with their hands
2 [ count ] a ball for playing this game
volt / voult /
vol • Lime Ф / vulyom ; 'valyum /
1 [ noncount , singular ] ( music ) the amount of sound that something makes
can't hear the radio. Can you turn up the volume?
[ count, noncount ] ( MATH , physics ) the amount of space that something fills, or the amount of space inside something
[ count, noncount ] the large quantity or amount of something
[ count ] a book, especially one of a set
vol • un • tar • y AWL / ' valanteri /
If something is voluntary , you do it because you want to, not because you must
vol • un • teer 1 AWL / |valan ' tir /
a person who says that they will do a job without being forced or without being paid
vol • un • teer 2 AWL / ^abn ' tir /
( vol un . teers , vol . un . teer . ing , vol . un teered )
to say that you will do a job without being forced or without being paid
vom • it / ' vamat /
( HEALTH ) When you vomit , food comes up from your stomach and out of your mouth. ►vom • it
the food that comes up from your stomach when you
vomit
VOte 1Ф / vout /
when you choose someone or something by writing on a
piece of paper or by putting up your hand
VOte 2 © / vout /
to choose someone or something by writing on a piece of
paper or by putting up your hand
►vot • ei / ' voutar /
a person who votes in a political election
vouch • er / ' vautjbr /
a piece of paper that you can use instead of money to pay for something
vow / vau /
a formal and serious promise to do something
vow • el / vausl /
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) one of the letters "a," "e," "i,"
"o," or "u"
—Look
i.
voy • age / ' vond3 /
a long trip by boat or in space
trip an act of traveling from one place to another, and usually back again. A trip can be short or long, and can be for business or pleasure:
not showing good judgment about what is attractive or appropriate; not polite or well behaved
vul • ner • a • ble / ' vAlnsrsbl /
likely to be hurt or damaged
vul • ture / ' vAltJsr /
a type of bird that eats dead animals
Ww
W, w / ' dAblyu /
(
W short for watt
wack • y / ' wreki /
wad / wad /
a lot of pieces of paper folded or rolled together
wade / weid /
to walk through water
waf • fle / ' wafl /
waffles
a flat cake with a pattern of squares on it that is often eaten with a sweet sauce (called syrup )
pancakes
wag / w®g /
If a dog wags its tail, its tail moves from side to side several times.
wage / 'weid3 /
the money that you receive for the work that you do
wag • on / ' wregsn /
a vehicle with four wheels that a horse pulls
a child's toy like an open box on four wheels, with a long handle for pulling it
wail / weil /
to make a long, sad noise
waist / weist /
the narrow part around the middle of your body
waist • line / 'weistlain /
the measurement of the body around the waist, used to talk about how fat or thin a person is
Wait 1 © / weit / verb (waits, wait ing, wait ed )
to stay in one place until something happens or until someone or something comes
can't wait
used when someone is very excited about something that is going to happen;
to be patient and find out later
wait on someone to serve someone food or drinks,
usually in a restaurant
wait 2 / weit /
a time when you wait
wait • er / ' weitar /
a man who brings food and drinks to your table in a restaurant
wait • ing room / ' weitig rum /
a room where people can sit and wait, for example to see a doctor
wait • ress / ' weitras /
a woman who brings food and drinks to your table in a restaurant
wake О / weik / ( also wake up )
to stop sleeping
to make someone stop sleeping
walk iO / wok /
walk out to leave suddenly because you are angry
walk
walk • er / ' wolkar /
a person who is walking
walk • ie-talk • ie / ,woki ' toki /
a small radio that you can carry with you and use to send and receive messages
wall
a side of a building or room There's a picture on the wall.
a thing made of stones, bricks, etc. that is built around an area
wal • let / ' walat /
wallets
wall • pa • per / 'wol,peipar /
Wall Street / ' woi strit /
( BUSINESS ) a street in New York City that has many important banks and companies, and the business that is done there
wal • nut / ' wolnAt /
wal • rus / wolras ; walras /
an animal with short fur that lives in and near the ocean, and that eats fish. It has two very long teeth (called tusks ).
waltz / wolts /
( MUSIC ) a dance for two people to music that has a pattern of three beats; the music for this dance
wand / wand /
a thin stick that people hold when they are doing magic tricks
wan • der / wandar /
to walk slowly with no special plan
want v / want ; wont /
War © / wor/
( HEALTH ) a room in a hospital that has beds for the patients
-ward
( in adjectives and adverbs ) in the direction of
war • den / ' wordn /
a person whose job is to manage a prison
ward • robe / ' wordroub /
1 a person's collection of clothes
need a whole new winter wardrobe!
a piece of furniture where you can hang your clothes
ware • house / ' werhaus /
a big building where people keep things before they sell them
war • fare / ' worfer /
the activity and ways of fighting a war
Warm 1 © / worm /
The word warm sounds like storm .
having a pleasant temperature that is high but not very high; between cool and hot
Warm clothes are clothes that stop you from feeling cold It's cold in the mountains, so take some warm clothes with you.
friendly and kind
warm 2 Ф / worm /
( warms , warm - ing , warmed )
warm up ; warm someone or something up to
become warmer, or to make someone or something warmer
warm-blood • ed / worm ' blAdad /
( BIOLOGY ) having a body temperature that does not change if the temperature of the air changes
— Look
warmth / worm9 /
a pleasant temperature that is not too hot
the quality of being kind and friendly
warm-up / ' worm Ap / ( also warm . up )
[count]
a set of exercises that you do to prepare yourself for an activity, such as a sports game
Warn Ф / worn /
to tell someone about danger or about something bad that may happen
warn • ing / ' wornig /
something that tells you about danger or about something bad that may happen
war • rant / ' worant /
an official document giving someone permission to do something
war • ran • ty / ' woranti /
[ count, noncount ] (
( BUSINESS ) a written promise by a company that it will repair or replace a thing you have bought, if it breaks or stops working
—SYNONYM guarantee
war • ri • or / 'woriar /
(especially in the past) a person who fights in a war; a soldier
wart / wort /
( HEALTH ) a small, hard, dry lump that sometimes grows on the face or body
was / waz ; waz /
wash 1 Ф / Yvci| /
1 to clean someone, something, or yourself with water
washed and dressed quickly.
(used about water) to flow somewhere
wash someone or something away (used about water) to move or carry someone or something to another place
wash 2 / waj /
[ noncount ] clothes that are being washed or that need to be washed
[ usually singular ] cleaning something with water
wash • a • ble / ' wa/abl /
Something that is washable can be washed without being damaged
wash • cloth / ' wajLlo9 /
a small, square piece of cloth that you use to wash your face and body
wash • ing ma • chine / wjig majin /
( also wash - er / ' wa/эг / )
was • n't / wAznt ; waznt /
wasp / wasp /
a yellow and black insect that flies and can hurt ( sting ) you by pushing a sharp part into your skin
Waste 1Ф/ weist /
to use too much of something or not use something in a good way
waste 2 Ф / weist /
[ singular ] not using something in a useful way It's a waste to throw away all this food!
[ noncount ] material, food, etc. that people no longer use or need
Waste 3 Ф / weist /
not useful or needed
waste .bas .ket
/ ' weist|breskat /
a container where you put things like paper that you do not want
waste • ful / ' weistfl /
using more of something than you need; causing waste
WatCh 1 Ф / wat|7
to look at someone or something for some time
see to watch a movie, a television program, a game, a performance, etc. With this meaning, see is not used with the
to take care of something or someone for a short time
to be careful about someone or something
watch out to be careful because of someone or
something dangerous
—SYNONYM look out
watch out for someone or something to look carefully and be ready for someone or something dangerous
WatCh 2 Ф / watj/
[ count ] a thing that you wear on your wrist so you know what time it is
A small clock that you wear on your wrist is called a watch . You say that a clock or watch is fast if it shows a time that is later than the real time. You say that it is slow if it shows a time that is earlier than the real time.
[ noncount ] the action of watching something in case of danger or problems
Wa .ter 1 Ф / vvotoг/
wa • ter 2 / ' wotar /
to give water to plants Did you water the plants?
(used about the eyes or mouth) to fill with liquid
wa • ter • col • or / ' wotarkAlar /
( ART )
watercolors [ plural ] paints that you mix with water
[ count ] a picture that you paint with watercolors
wa • ter cool • er / 'wotar |kular /
a machine that you can get cold drinking water from, for example in an office
wa • ter • fall
/ ' wotarfol /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a place where water falls from a high place to a low place
wa • ter • front / ' wotarfrAnt / [ count , usually singular ]
a part of a town or an area that is next to an ocean, a river, or a lake
wa • ter • ing can / ' wotang k®n / noun
[ count ]
a container that you use for watering plants
wa • ter • mel • on / ' wotsr|melsn /
[ count ]
a big, round fruit with a thick, green skin. It is pink inside with a lot of black seeds.
wa • ter • proof / ' wotsrpruf /
If something is waterproof , it does not let water go through it
wa • ter • ski • ing / ' wotsrskiig /
( SPORTS ) the sport of moving fast over water on long boards (called waterski s ), pulled by a boat
watt / wat /
wave 1 Ф / weiv/
( GEOGRAPHY ) one of the high lines of water that moves across the top of the ocean
a sudden increase of a feeling or type of behavior
a movement of your hand from side to side in the air to say hello or goodbye, or to make a sign to someone
a gentle curve in hair
( PHYSICS ) the form that some types of energy such as heat, light, and sound take
wave 2®/ weiv /
to move your hand from side to side in the air to say hello or goodbye, or to make a sign to someone
to move something quickly from side to side in the air
to move up and down or from side to side
wave • length / ' weivie4e /
( PHYSICS ) the size of a radio wave that a particular radio station uses to send out its programs be on the same wavelength (
to have the same way of thinking as another person
wavelength
wav • y / ' weivi /
having curves; not straight
wavelength
wax / wreks /
the substance that is used for making candles (= tall sticks that you burn to give light ) or for making things shine
Way Ф / wei /
[ count ] a method or style of doing something
[ count , usually singular ] a road or path that you must follow to go to a place
[ singular ] a direction; where someone or something is going or looking
[ singular ] distance
words that you say when you are going to talk about something different
to break
to agree with someone when you did not agree before My parents finally gave way and said I could go out with my friends.
in the way
in front of someone so that you stop them from seeing something or moving
no longer stopping someone from moving or doing something
how people live
We Ф / wi /
weak О / wik /
not powerful or strong
—ANTONYM strong
Something that is weak can break easily The bridge is too weak to carry heavy traffic.
(used about a drink) containing a lot of water; not strong in taste
weak • en / wikan /
to become less strong, or to make someone or something less strong;
weak . ness Ф / 'wikrw noun
(
[ noncount ] the state of not being strong He thought that crying was a sign of weakness.
[ count ] something that is wrong or bad in a person or thing —ANTONYM strength
wealth / wel9 /
[ noncount ] a lot of money, land, or property
[ singular ] a large number or amount of something
( wealth - i er , wealth i - est )
Weap .ОП Ф / 'wepsn /
wear 1 Ф / vvrr /
( wears , wear - ing , wore / wor / has worn / worn / ) PRONUNCIATION
The word wear sounds just like where .
wear out ; wear something out to become thin or damaged because you have used it a lot; to make something do this
wear 2 / wer /
clothes sportswear
long use which damages something This carpet is showing signs of wear.
wea • sel / wizl /
a small wild animal with red-brown fur, a long thin body, and short legs. Weasels eat smaller animals.
weath .er Ф / vvrdor /
( GEOGRAPHY ) how much sun, rain, or wind there is at a certain time, or how hot or cold it is
a gentle/cool/warm breeze blows bad weather
snow falls/covers everything the rain falls/pours down the wind blows/howls
snow/wet weather/a storm/a hurricane is approaching/is forecast
forecast/expect/predict rain/snow/wet weather/a storm/a hurricane thunder rumbles lightning strikes
weath • er fore • cast / ' wedar forkrest /
words on television, radio, or in a newspaper that tell you what the weather will be like
weath • er • vane / 'wedarvein /
a thing on the roof of a building that turns to show which direction the wind is blowing from
weave / wiv /
/ wouv / has wo - ven / ' wouvan / )
to make cloth by putting threads over and under one another
[ count ] a thin net that a spider makes to catch insects
the Web [ singular ] ( COMPUTERS ) the system that makes it possible for you to see information from all over the world on your computer
—SYNONYM the World Wide Web
Collocations
The Internet
connecting
connect to/log on to/access the Internet/the Web go/be online/on the Internet using
browse/surf/search the Internet/the Web check out/visit a website/someone's blog click/click on/follow a link start/have/write/read a blog chatting and sharing chat with someone/your friends online meet someone in/enter a chat room download/upload music/a song/a video/a photo post a comment/a message share information/files
web • cam / ' webkrem /
( COMPUTERS ) a video camera that is connected to a computer so that you can watch what it records on a website as it is happening
web page / ' web peid3 /
( COMPUTERS ) a part of a website that you can see on your computer screen
web .site Ф / 'websait/
( COMPUTERS ) a place on the Internet that you can look at to find out information about something
we'd / wid /
wed .ding © / wiir)/
a time when a man and a woman get married
Marriage is the relationship between a husband and a wife :
wedge / wed3 /
a piece of wood or other material, with one thick and one thin, pointed end
Wednes .day © / wenzdei ; wenzdi /
[ count, noncount ] (
the day of the week after Tuesday and before Thursday
weed 1 / wid /
a wild plant that grows where you do not want it
weed 2 / wid /
week © / wik /
1 a time of seven days, usually from Sunday to the next Saturday
saw him two weeks ago.
the part of the week when people go to work, especially Monday to Friday
week • day / ' wikdei /
any day except Saturday or Sunday
week .end © / ' wikend /
Saturday and Sunday
happening or coming every week or once a week
week • night / wiknait /
any night of the week except Saturday, Sunday, and sometimes Friday night
weep / wip /
/ wept / has wept ) (
to cry, usually because you are sad
weigh © / wei /
The word weigh sounds just like way .
1 to measure how heavy someone or something is using a
machine (called a scale )
2 to have or show a certain weight
weight © / weit /
[ noncount ] how heavy someone or something is
[ count ] a piece of metal that weighs a particular amount and is used to measure the weight of something, or which people lift in order to improve their strength and as a sport
weight • lift • ing / ' weit|liftig /
( SPORTS ) a sport in which people lift heavy metal weights
weird / wird /
weird • o / ' wirdou /
a person who looks strange or behaves in a strange way
wel . come 1 © / 'welbm /
( wel - come , wel - com - ing , wel comed )
to be friendly to someone when they arrive somewhere
to be happy to receive or accept something
►wel • come
If someone or something is welcome , you are happy to see them or it
(
make someone welcome
to show a visitor that you are happy to see them you're welcome
polite words that you say when someone has said "thank you"
weld / weld /
to join pieces of metal by heating them and pressing them together
wel • fare aw щ / 'welfer /
the health and happiness of a person
money that the government pays to people who need it
we'll / wii /
well 1© / wel /
—ANTONYM badly
also
as well as
and also
do well
to be successful
may or might as well
words that you use to say that you will do something, often because there is nothing else to do
words that you say to someone who has done something good
well 2 Ф / wel /
healthy
well зФ / wel/
a word that you often say when you are starting to speak
a word that you use to show surprise
a word that you use when you are waiting for someone to say something
( also oh well ) a word that you use when you know there is nothing you can do to change a situation
well 4 / wel /
a deep hole for getting water or oil from under the ground
well-be • haved / | wel bi heivd /
behaving in a way that most people think is good
well-be • ing / |wel ' biig /
a feeling of being healthy and happy
Meat that is well-done has been cooked for a long time. — Look
well-dressed / | wel drest /
wearing attractive or expensive clothes
well-known / |wel ' noun /
famous
—ANTONYM unknown well off / |wel ' of /
rich
wept
we're / wir /
were / wsr /
weren't / wsrnt /
were • wolf / werwulf /
west Ф / west /
the direction you look in to see the sun go down
the west or the West the part of any country, city, etc. that is further to the west than the other parts
the West the countries of North America and western Europe
west .ern 1 © / 'westorn/
(GEOGRAPHY)
in or of the west of a place
Western from or connected with the western part of the world, especially Europe and North America
west • ern 2 / ' westsrn /
a movie, TV program, or book about life in the past in the west of the U.S.
Wet 1 © / wet/
covered in water or another liquid This towel is wet — can I have a dry one? There was a strong smell of wet paint.
with a lot of rain
—ANTONYM dry
wet 2 / wet /
to make something wet
wet • lands / wetlsndz /
wet • suit / ' wetsut /
a rubber suit that covers the whole body, which you wear for swimming underwater or playing sports in the water
we've / wiv /
whale / weil /
a very big animal that lives in the ocean and looks like a very big fish
wharf / worf /
a long structure that is built from the land into the ocean, where people can tie up their boats
a word that you use when you ask about someone or something
the thing that
a word that you use to show surprise or other strong feelings
a word that you use when you did not hear something correctly
a word that you use when you want to know what someone wants
words that you use when you suggest something
—SYNONYM how about...?
what...for?
words that you use when you want to know more about
someone or something
what's on?
words that you use when you want to know what television programs are being shown
used to say "hello" to someone
what is wrong?
what • eV • еГ © / wotrvor ; vvutrvor /
any or every; anything or everything
it does not matter what Whatever you do, don't be late.
3 (
mind what you do or have
what' s / wAts ; wats /
wheat / wit /
a type of grain that can be made into flour
wheel Ф / wil /
a thing like a circle, which turns around to move something
such as a car or a bicycle
wheel 2 / wil /
wheel bar • row
to push along something that has wheels
wheelbarrow
/
'wil|brerou /
a container with one wheel and two handles that you use outside for carrying things
wheel • chair
/ ' wilt/er /
a chair with wheels for someone who cannot walk
wheeze / wiz /
( wheezes , wheez . ing , wheezed )
to breathe in a noisy way, for example because you have an illness in your chest
don't know when his birthday is.
at the time that
since; considering that
when .ev . er © / wrn'rvor /
at any time that
every time that
1 in or to what place
asked her where she lived. Where's he going?
in which; at which
a word that you use between two different ideas
where • by aw П / wer ' bai /
by which; because of which
at, in, or to any place
wheth .еГ Ф / wedar /
1 a word that we use to talk about choosing between two things
don't know whether to go or not.
if
what person or thing
a word that shows exactly what thing or things you are talking about
a word that you use before you say more about something
any person or thing
during the time that; when
at the same time as
while 2Ф / wail /
a period of time
whim • per / ' wimpar /
to make a soft crying noise, because you are hurt or afraid
whine / wain /
1 to complain about things in an unpleasant, crying voice
whip 1 / wip /
a long piece of leather or rope with a handle, used for making animals move faster or for hitting people
whip 2 / wip /
to hit an animal or a person with a whip
to mix food very quickly with a fork, for example, until it is light and thick
whirl / warl /
to move around and around very quickly
whirl • pool / ' warlpul /
( GEOGRAPHY ) a place in a river or the ocean where the water moves around in a circle very quickly
whisk 1 / wisk /
to mix eggs or cream very quickly with a fork or a whisk
to take someone or something somewhere very quickly
whisk 2 / wisk /
whisk • er / ' wiskar /
one of the long hairs that grow near the mouth of a cat, a mouse, and some other animals
whis • key / wiski /
a strong alcoholic drink; a glass of this drink
whis • per / wispar /
to speak very quietly to someone, so that other people cannot hear what you are saying
whis • tle 1 / wisl /
a small musical instrument that makes a long, high sound when you blow it
the long, high sound that you make when you blow air out between your lips or when you blow a whistle
whis • tle 2 / 'wisl /
to make a long, high sound by blowing air out between your lips or through a whistle
white О / wait /
with the color of snow or milk
with pale skin
White wine is wine with a light color.
white 2 Ф / wait /
[ noncount ] the color of snow or milk
[ count ] a person with pale skin 3 [ count, noncount ] the part inside an egg that is around the yellow middle part
white • board / waitbord /
a large, white board that people like teachers write on with special pens
white-col • lar / | wait kalsr /
( BUSINESS ) connected with people who do office work rather than physical work
—Look
the White House / 6s wait haus /
[ singular ] ( politics )
the large building in Washington, D.C. where the U.S. president lives and works
the U.S. president and his or her officials
whiz ( also whizz ) / wiz /
to move very quickly
1 a word we use in questions to ask about the name, position, etc. of one or more people
don't know who did it.
a word that shows which person or people you are talking about
who'd / hud /
who .eV .еГ © / hu'rvor /
the person who; any person who Whoever broke the glass must pay for it.
a way of saying "it does not matter who" I don't want to see anyone — whoever it is.
Whole 1® / houl /
The word whole sounds just like hole , because we don't say the w in this word.
complete; with no parts missing
whole 2© / houl /
a thing that is complete
all of something
generally, but not always completely true
whole • some / ' houlssm /
good for your health
having good moral values
who'll / hul /
completely
a word we use instead of "who" as the object of a verb or preposition
whoop / wup ; hup /
to shout loudly because you are happy or excited ►whoop
who's / huz /
used to ask who something belongs to
used to say exactly which person or thing you mean, or to give extra information about a person or thing
who've / huv /
Why Ф / wai /
very bad
wide Ч-1 / waid /
far from one side to the other
—ANTONYM narrow
You use wide to say or ask how far something is from one side to the other
completely open
wide 2 / waid /
wide • ly / ' waidli /
by a lot of people; in or to a lot of places
wid • en / waidn /
to become wider; to make something wider
wide • spread aw / ' waidspred /
If something is widespread , it is happening in many places
wid • ow / ' widou /
a woman whose husband is dead
wid • ow • er / ' widouar /
[count]
a man whose wife is dead width / wrd6 /
how far it is from one side of something to the other; how
wide something is
The adjective is wide .
Look at the
wife
(
the woman that someone is married to
Look at husband .
wig / wig /
a covering for your head made of hair that is not your own
wi • ki / ' wiki /
Wild 1 Ф / waild /
Wild plants and animals live or grow in nature, not with people
excited; not controlled
(
wild 2 / 'waild /
a natural area that is not controlled by people
wil • der • ness / ' wildarnas / noun
[ count , usually singular ]
a large area of land that has never been used for building on
or for growing things
wild • life / ' waildlaif /
animals and plants in nature
Collocations
The Natural World
animals
animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something) birds fly/sing/nest/migrate insects crawl/fly/bite/sting hunt/capture/kill prey lay/fertilize eggs plants and fungi trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower a seed sprouts
leaves/buds/shoots appear/develop/form a fungus grows/spreads pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant produce/spread pollen/seeds
will / wal ; wil /
Grammar
The negative form of will is will not or the short form won't / wount / :
The short form of will is 'll . We often use this:
a word that shows the future
a word that you use when you agree or promise to do something
a word that you use when you ask someone to do something
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
will 2 © / wil /
[ count, noncount ] the power of your mind that makes you choose, decide, and do things
[ singular ] what someone wants to happen
[ count ] a legal document that says who will have your money, house, etc. when you die
ready and happy to do something
►will • ing • ly / ' wilig li /
►will • ing • ness / ' wilignas /
[ noncount , singular ]
wil • low / ' wilou /
will • pow • er / 'wil|pauar/
the ability to keep trying to succeed, even when something is hard to do
wimp / wimp /
a person who is weak or afraid to do things
Will © / win /
to be the best or the first in a game, race, or competition
—ANTONYM lose
to receive something because you did well or tried hard
►win
Wind l ©/ wind /
wind 2 / waind /
( winds , wind . ing , wound / waund / has wound ) Pronunciation
The verb wind sounds like find , and the past forms sound like found .
to make something long go around and around another thing;
to turn a key or handle to make something work or move
A road or river that winds has a lot of bends and turns
wind • chill / 'windtjil /
the effect of a cold temperature together with wind
wind in • stru • ment / ' wind |instremant /
wind • mill / ' windmil /
win .dow © / 'windou /
an opening in a building or in a car door, for example, with glass in it
( COMPUTERS ) an area on a computer screen that shows a particular type of information or program
win • dow • pane / ' windoupein /
a piece of glass in a window
win • dow • sill / ' windousil/
wind • shield / 'wmdjiid /
the big window at the front of a car
wind • shield wip • er / ' windjild waipar /
( also wip .er )
a thing that cleans rain and dirt off the windshield while you are driving
wind • surf • ing / ' windsarfig /
с sports ) the sport wi nd su rti ng
of moving over water on a special board with a sail
►wind • surf • er
/ 'windsarfar /
wind • y / ' windi /
wine © / wain /
wing © / wig /
one of the two parts that a bird or an insect uses to fly
one of the two long parts at the sides of an airplane that support it in the air
a part of a building that was added to the main part
wing • span / 'wigsp®n /
the distance between the end of one wing and the end of the other
wink / wigk /
to close and open one eye quickly as a friendly or secret sign
to someone
wink
win . пег ф / 'wmsr/
a person or an animal that wins a game, race, or
competition
The winning person or team is the one that wins a game, race, or competition
win .ter © / 'winter /
[ count, noncount ]
the coldest part of the year, which comes between fall and spring
wipe 1 / waip /
1 to make something clean or dry with a cloth
washed my hands and wiped them on a towel. The waitress wiped off the table.
to take away something by rubbing it
wipe something out to destroy a place completely
wipe 2 / waip /
the action of wiping something He gave the table a quick wipe .
a piece of paper or thin cloth with a special liquid on it that you use for cleaning things
wip • er / ' waipar /
[ count ]
a long piece of very thin metal
wis • dom / wizdam /
[ noncount ]
knowing and understanding a lot about many things
wis • dom tooth / ' wizdam tu6 / [count] (
wise / waiz /
knowing and understanding a lot about many things
wish iO/wiJV
1 to want something that is not possible or that will probably not happen
wish we were rich.
to say to yourself that you want something and hope that it will happen
(
to say that you hope someone will have something
wish 2©/wiJ*/
have no wish to go.
an act of trying to make something happen by saying you want it to happen or by hoping that it will happen
words that you write at the end of a letter, before your name, to show that you hope someone is well and happy
wit / wit /
[ noncount ] speaking or writing in an intelligent and funny way
wits [ plural ] the ability to think quickly and in an intelligent way
witch / witf /
a woman in stories who uses magic to do bad things — Look
1 a word that shows people or things are together
agree with you.
having or carrying
using
against
agreeing with or supporting someone or something
—ANTONYM against
because of
with • draw / wid ' dro ; wi6 ' dro /
(with - draws, with draw - ing, with drew / wid ' dru ;
wi6 ' dru / has with - drawn / wid ' dron ; wi6 ' dron / )
to move back or away
to say that you will not take part in something
to take something out or away
with • er / widar /
If a plant withers , it becomes dry and dies
before the end of
not farther than
(
with . out © / wi' daut ; wi' 6aut /
drink coffee without sugar.
not being with someone or something
do without
not doing something
wit • ness / ' witnss /
a person who sees something happen and can tell other people about it later
a person who goes to a court of law to tell people what he or she saw
►wit • ness
wit • ty / ' witi /
intelligent and funny
wiz • ard / wizsrd /
a man in stories who has magic powers
wob • ble / wabl /
to move a little from side to side
wok / wak /
a large pan that is shaped like a bowl and used for cooking Chinese food
woke, wok • en
wolf / wulf /
/ wulvz / ) a wild animal like a big dog
wom .ЭП Ф / 'wumsn/
(
an adult female person
womb / wum /
the part of a woman or a female animal where a baby develops before it is born
—SYNONYM uterus won
WOn .der 1 © / ЧулпсЬг/
words that you use to ask a question politely
won • der 2 / ' wAndsr /
[ noncount ] a feeling that you have when you see or hear something very strange, surprising, or beautiful
[ count ] something that gives you this feeling
it's a wonder. it is surprising that...
no wonder
it is not surprising
WOn .der .ful © / 'Yvuidorfl /
very good
—SYNONYM fantastic
won't / wount /
wood © / wud /
[ count, noncount ] the hard substance that trees are made of
[ count ] a big group of trees, smaller than a forest
WOOd .en © / 'wudn/
made of wood
wood • land / wudlsnd /
[ count, noncount ]
an area of land that is covered with trees
wood • peck • er / ' wud|peksr /
[ count ]
a bird that makes holes in trees when it is looking for insects to eat
wood • wind / wudwind /
( MUSIC ) a type of musical instrument that is often made of wood and that you play by blowing into it Word building An orchestra is made up of four sections. The strings section includes violins and cellos. The woodwind section includes clarinets and flutes. The brass section includes trumpets and trombones. The percussion section includes drums and cymbals.
wool © / wul /
[noncount]
the soft, thick hair of sheep
thread or cloth that is made from the hair of sheep
made of wool
wool • ly ( also wool ) / ' wuli / ( wool li - er , wool - li est )
made of wool, or like wool
word Ф / ward /
[ count ] ( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a sound that you make, or a letter or group of letters that you write, which has a meaning
[ count ] something that you say
[ singular ] a promise
in other words
saying the same thing in a different way
take someone's word for it
to believe what someone says
word for word
using exactly the same words
word proc • es • sor / 'ward |prasesar /
[ count ]
( COMPUTERS ) a small computer that you can use for writing
► word proc • es • sing / ward |prasesig /
[ noncount ]
wore
WOrk 1 © / work /
to be busy doing or making something
to do something as a job and get money for it
to go correctly or to do something correctly
to make something do something
to have the result you wanted
1 to have the result you wanted
hope things work out for you.
to do exercises to keep your body strong and healthy
The noun is workout .
work 2 Ф / work /
1 [ noncount ] the job that you do to earn money
work the job that you do to earn money. Work is a noncount noun, so you cannot say "a work" or "works":
[ noncount ] the place where you have a job
[ noncount ] doing or making something Digging the garden is hard work .
[ noncount ] something that you make or do The teacher corrected the student's work.
[ count ] ( ART , ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS , MUSIC ) a book, painting, or piece of music
works [ plural ] a place where people make things with machines
work • a • hol • ic / |warka ' halik /
a person who works a lot and feels that they need to work all the time
work • book / ' warkbuk /
a book where you write answers to questions, which you use when you are studying something
WOrk .еГ © / vvorkor /
a person who works
the work • ing class / бэ |warkig ' kl®s /
the group of people in a society who do not have much money or power and who usually do physical work ►work • ing-class / |warkig ' klres /
work • man / ' warkman /
a man who works with his hands to build or repair something work • out / ' warkaut /
physical exercise that you do when you are training for a
sport or trying to stay healthy
work • sheet / ' warkjit /
a piece of paper where you write answers to questions, which you use when you are studying something
work • shop / 'warkfap/
a place where people make or repair things
a time when people meet and work together to learn about something
world Ф / warld /
the world [ singular ] ( GEOGRAPHY ) the earth with all its countries and people
[ singular ] the life and activities of people; their experience
[ count ] a particular area of activity or group of people, animals, or things
think the world of someone or something
world-fa • mous / |warld ' feimas /
known everywhere in the world
the World Series / бэ |warld ' siriz /
[ singular ]
( SPORTS ) a number of baseball games played every year that decide which is the best team in the U.S. and Canada that year
the World Wide Web/ бэ warid waid ' web/
( also the Web )
computer
a small animal that lives in the ground, with a long thin body, and no legs
worn out / |worn ' aut /
old and completely finished because you have used it a lot
very tired
wor . ried О / 'world/
unhappy because you think that something bad will happen or has happened
WOr . ГУ 1® / \vori /
to feel that something bad will happen or has happened; to make someone feel this
wor • ry 2 / 'wari /
[ noncount ] a feeling that something bad will happen or has happened
[ count ] something that makes you feel worried
not as good or as well as something else The weather today is worse than yesterday.
sicker or more unhappy than before
—ANTONYM better
wors • en / ' warsn /
to get worse, or to make something worse
wor • ship / ' warjop /
wor . ship . ing or wor . ship . ping , wor shiped or
wor . shipped )
( RELIGION ) to show that you believe in God or a god by saying prayers
to love someone very much or think that someone is wonderful
—ANTONYM best
WOrSt 2© / worst/
something or someone that is as bad as it or they can be
—ANTONYM best
if worst comes to worst
if something very bad happens
having a particular value This house is worth $700,000.
good or useful enough to do or have
worth 2 / war9 /
the value of someone or something
how much or how many of something an amount of money will buy
worth • less / ' war9las /
worth • while / war9 ' wail /
good or useful enough for the time that you spend or the work that you do
wor • thy / ' wardi /
good enough for something or to have something
would О / wad ; wud /
The negative form of would is would not , or the short form wouldn't / ' wudnt / :
The short form of would is 'd . We often use this:
a word that you use to talk about a situation that is not real
the past form of "will"
a word that you use with "like" or "love" to ask or say what someone wants
a word that you use to ask something in a polite way
a word that you use to talk about something that happened many times in the past
Grammar
Can , could , may , might , should , must , will , shall , would , and ought to are modal verbs.
Modal verbs do not have an "s" in the "he/she" form:
You make questions and negative sentences without "do" or "did":
would' ve / 'wudav /
( HEALTH ) a hurt place in your body made by something
like a gun or a knife
wound 2 / wund /
( HEALTH ) to hurt someone with a weapon
wound 3
a word that shows surprise and pleasure
Wrap Ф/raep/
—ANTONYM unwrap
wrap • per / ' rrepar /
a piece of paper or plastic that covers and protects
something when you buy it
wrap • ping / ' rrepig /
a piece of paper, plastic, etc. that is used for covering something to protect it
wrap • ping pa • per / ' rrepig ,peipar /
[noncount]
special paper that you use to wrap presents
wreath / ri9 /
wreck 1 / rek /
a ship, car, or airplane that has been very badly damaged in an accident
an accident that badly damages a car, ship, or airplane
wreck 2 / rek /
wreck • age / ' rekid3 /
wrench / rentj/
[count]
a tool that you use for turning small Jr^
metal rings (called nuts ) and pins (called bolts ), used for holding Jj
things together J^
wres • tle / ' resl /
( SPORTS ) to fight by trying to throw someone to the
ground, especially as a sport
►wres • tler / ' reslar /
►wres • tling / ' reslig /
wrig • gle / ' ngi / verb
( wrig - gles, wrig - gling , wrig - gled )
wring
wring / n4 /
to press and twist something with your hands to make water come out
wrin • kle / ' rigkl/
a small line in something, for example in the skin of your face or in clothes
Wrist
the part of your body where your arm joins your hand
write Ф / rait /
(writes, writ ing, wrote / rout / has writ- ten / ' ritn / )
to make letters or words on paper using a pen or pencil
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS , MUSIC ) to create a story, book, song, piece of music, etc.
to write and send a letter to someone
write something down to write something on paper so that you can remember it
writ .er
( ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ) a person who writes books, stories, etc.;
writ . ing © / raitii] /
the activity or skill of putting words on paper
words that someone puts on paper; the way a person writes
written on paper
writ • ten
1 not true or not correct
—ANTONYM right
not the best or not suitable
—ANTONYM right
not as it should be, or not working well
bad, or not what the law allows
—ANTONYM right Thesaurus
incorrect wrong according to the facts; containing mistakes. This word is a little formal:
—ANTONYM correct
mistaken (used about a person) wrong in your opinion or judgment:
—ANTONYM right , correct
Wrong 2 © / ror) /
not correctly; not right
—ANTONYM right
go wrong
to not happen as you hoped or wanted
to stop working well
wrong 3 / rog /
what is bad or not right
wrong • ly / ' rogli /
wrote
wrung
WWW / ^blyu ^blyu ' 1лЬ1^ /
Xx
X, X / eks /
the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet
Xe • non / ' zenan /
( CHEMISTRY ) a gas that exists in the air and that is sometimes used in electric lamps
X • mas
X-ray / ' eksrei /
( HEALTH , PHYSICS ) a photograph of the inside of your body that is made by using a special light that you cannot see
xy • lo • phone
/ ' zailafoun /
( MUSIC ) a musical instrument with metal or wooden bars that you hit with small hammers
Y, y / wai /
(
the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet
yacht / yat /
[count] Pronunciation The word yacht sounds like hot .
a boat with sails that people go on for pleasure
a big boat with an engine that people go on for pleasure
yam / ужш /
a large root with a rough skin, that is cooked and eaten as a vegetable
yank / yregk /
to pull something suddenly, quickly, and hard
yard © / yard /
an area next to a building or house, sometimes with grass and trees on it and a wall around it
(
yard sale / ' yard seil /
a sale that you hold outside your house, where you sell used things that you do not want anymore
— Look
yarn / yarn /
thick thread made of wool or cotton that you use for making cloth or clothes
yawn / yon /
to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply because
you are tired
►yawn
yd.
yes
yea Г © / yir /
1 a period of 365 or 366 days from January 1 to December 31. A year has twelve months and 52 weeks
left school last year .
any period of twelve months I've known Chris for three years . My son is seven years old.
Be careful! You can say She's ten or She's ten years old (but NOT "She's ten years"). all year round
for the whole year
year • book / ' yirbuk /
[count]
a book that is produced each year by the students at a school or college, with pictures of students, teachers, sports teams, and events that happened during the year
happening or coming every year or once a year
yeast / yist /
a substance that you use for making bread riseyell / yel/
to shout loudly
a word that you use for answering a question. You use "yes"
to agree, to say that something is true, or to say that you
would like something
yes .ter .day Ф / ' yestardei ; ' yestardi /
1 a word that you use for talking about something that has not happened but that you expect to happen
Already or yet?
Yet means the same as already , but you only use yet in negative sentences and questions.
now; as early as this
in the future They may win yet.
until now
but; despite that
yet again
once more
yet another
words you use to show surprise that there is one more of something
yield / yild /
to produce something, such as vegetables or results
to allow someone to have power or control The government eventually yielded to the rebels.
—SYNONYM give in
to allow other cars on a bigger road to go first
yo • ga / ' youga /
[noncount]
( SPORTS ) a system of exercises that helps you relax both your body and your mind yo • gurt / 'yougart /
yolk / youk /
the yellow part in an egg
yOU © / yu /
1 the person or people that I am speaking to
called you yesterday.
any person; a person
you'd / yud /
you'll / yul /
( young . er / 'yAggar / young . est / 'yAggast / ) in the early part of life; not old
—ANTONYM old
young 2 / yAg /
baby animals
the young children and young people a television program for the young
young • ster / ' yAgstar /
a young person
your © / уэг; yor /
of or belonging to the person or people I am talking to
belonging to or connected with people in general You should have your teeth checked every six months.
you're / yor /
something that belongs to you
Yours a word that you write at the end of a letter before you write your name
your .self Ф / уэг' self /
(
a word that shows "you" when I have just talked about you
a word that makes "you" stronger Did you make this cake yourself? "Who told you?" "You told me yourself!" by yourself ; by yourselves
alone; without other people
without help
[ noncount ] the part of your life when you are young She regrets that she spent her youth traveling and not studying.
[ count ] a boy or young man
the youth [ noncount ] young people
you've / yuv /
yo-yo / ' you you /
a toy which is a round piece of wood or plastic with a string around the middle. You put the string on your finger and make the yo-yo go up and down.
a word that you say when you think something looks or tastes disgusting
►yuck • y / ' yAki /
—SYNONYM disgusting —ANTONYM yummy
yum
—SYNONYM delicious —ANTONYM yucky
Zz
Z, Z / zi /
the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet
ze . bra / 'zibra /
an African wild animal like a horse, with black and white lines on its body
zig • zag / ' zigzreg /
a line that goes up and down, like a lot of letter Ws, one after the other
Zinc / zigk /
Zip / zip /
to fasten something together with a zipper
zip code ( also ZIP code ) / ' zip koud /
[count]
a group of numbers that you write at the end of an address
zip • per / ' zipar /
the zo • di • ac / da 'zoudiffik /
a diagram of the positions of the planets and stars, which is divided into twelve equal parts. Each part has a special name and symbol
zom • bie / ' zambi /
(in stories) a dead body that has been made alive again by magic
zone / zoun /
a special area that is different from other areas around it
zoo / zu /
a place where wild animals are kept, and people can go to look at them
zo • ol • o • gy / zou ' alad3i /
zoom / zum /
to move very fast
zoom in ; zoom out to make something that you are looking at through a camera bigger or smaller by changing the picture controls
zuc • chi • ni / zu' kini /
(
a long vegetable that is green on the outside and white on the inside
ze • ro / zirou /
the number 0
nothing at all; none
( PHYSICS ) o° Fahrenheit or Celsius